Ukusuka eUnited States naseBrazil ukuya kwaSirayeli naseHungary, abakhululekileyo basondela kumsantsa owandayo kwiimbono zezopolitiko ngokungathembeki ngelixa i-Illiberals ibona i-polarization njengethuba lezopolitiko lokutshabalalisa idemokhrasi.
Lonke unyulo kule mihla lubonakala lunesiphumo kunolo lokugqibela.
Owu nkosi yam, uLula uphumelele eBrazil! Ngaba unokukholelwa ukuba uNetanyahu uphume phezulu kwaSirayeli-kwakhona! Ulibale ngeMelika emfusa, iBlue and Red ziqwenga iUnited States!
Ngemihla yamandulo, unyulo lwedemokhrasi lwaludibanisa abagqatswa beentanda-bulumko ezahlukahlukeneyo. Cinga uRonald Reagan vs. Jimmy Carter okanye uMargaret Thatcher vs. Neil Kinnock. Iidemokhrasi zamaKristu zilwe ne-Social Democrats ngethuba labo lokuba sesikhundleni. Ucango olujikelezayo lwezopolitiko zonyulo ngamanye amaxesha lwazisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwiingcamango zolawulo, umzekelo ukusuka kwilizwe lentlalontle ukuya kwineoliberalism, eyathumela amazwe ukuba asingise kumacala awahluke kakhulu.
Olu lonyulo lunokubaluleka kakhulu. Kodwa yayingelulo ukhuphiswano olukhoyo.
Namhlanje, ngokuchaseneyo, unyulo luhlala luncinci malunga nokuba ngubani olawula inkqubo yedemokhrasi kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokuba ngubani okholelwa kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi. Kumazwe ngamazwe, abantu baya kuvoto ukuze baxhaseโokanye bangabi nazikhundlaโizinto zezobupolitika ezifana neengcali zokudilizwa kwezindlu. Abavoti banokubathanda ngokwenene okanye babathiye ngokwenene aba bagibi zibhombu, phantse bonke ngasekunene. Umhlaba ophakathi uye washwabana njengesiqithi esirhangqwe macala onke kukunyuka kwamanzi.
Uluntu lwedemokhrasi lusoloko lubonisa inani elibi lolwahlulo. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, uReagan kunye noThatcher babelinganisa amanani, naphakathi kwamaqela abo.
Kodwa i-polarization iye yathetha into eyahlukileyo ngalo mzuzu wezopolitiko. Iimbono zehlabathi zeeblocs ezihlukeneyo-azisakhohlo kwaye zilungile kakhulu njengedemokhrasi kunye nedemokhrasi-azihambelani. Ziphambene njani iipolitiki zaseMelika xa uBernie Sanders kunye noLiz Cheney bekwibloc enye? Kuyinyani, uvoto emva kovoto luveza izinto ezininzi ezifanayo kubavoti kwihlabathi liphela izinto eziphambili ngoqoqosho lwasekhaya, umzekelo, okanye ukungxamiseka kwe ukujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Kodwa iindlela ezahluke ngokupheleleyo kwiingcamango ezifana nelithi โinyaniso,โ โubuchule,โ โurhulumente,โ nelithi โamalungeloโ zenza kube nzima ukuqulunqa umgaqo-nkqubo osekelwe kulo mgaqo ufanayo.
Abantu bade baxakeke kumbandela wepolarization! Abakhululekileyo basondela kumsantsa owandayo kwiimbono zezopolitiko ngokungakholelwa (โnjani baninzi abavoti nikholelwa kubuvuvu obupheleleyo buka [zalisa indawo engenanto]?โ). I-Illiberals ibona i-polarization njengethuba lezopolitiko.
Esinye isiphumo solu calucalulo ibe lunyulo olusondele kakhulu. Nalapho imikhosi yedemokhrasi iphumelela khona, njengokoyiswa kukaJair Bolsonaro kutshanje eBrazil, umda wolonyulo umncinci kangangokuba akukho mntu unokuthetha โngegunya lobunkokeliโ likaLula. Ngaphandle kovoto oluninzi olucebise ukuba uvule isikhokelo esikhulu kumongameli obambeleyo, uLula uncume ngeepesenti ezingama-50.9 kuphela kwiipesenti ezingama-49.1 zikaBolsonaro.
ESweden, umfelandawonye wasekunene ophumelele unyulo lwakutsha nje, kunye ne-neo-fascist yaseSweden Democrats eza kwindawo yesibini, eneneni ifumene iivoti ezimbalwa (49.1 pesenti) kunomanyano lwasekhohlo (49.3 pesenti) kodwa yaphuma phezulu epalamente ngenxa yokuba yokusasazwa kwezo voti.
Owona mzekelo ugqithileyo woko mahluko ibiyi-United States, apho iDemocratic Party yoyisile i-Republican Party kwivoti ethandwayo kunyulo lukamongameli olusixhenxe kolusibhozo kodwa iye yaphumelela okanye yaphulukana nomda omncinci kwiKholeji yoNyulo. amalungelo iivoti ngakumbi Republican-friendly ezilalini eMelika. Emva konyulo lwale veki yaphakathi, iCongress isahlulwe kancinci, nangona inyame kancinci kancinci eBomvu.
Ulonyulo olunjalo phakathi kwemikhosi yedemokhrasi kunye nedemokhrasi alusoloko lusondele. Thatha imeko yaseSlovenia, apho iqela elisekhohlo lakhupha ngokulula uTrump ofana noJanez Janลกa kwi-ofisi yenkulumbuso ngo-Epreli. Mhlawumbi awuvanga kakhulu ngesi siphumo simangalisayo. ISlovenia lilizwe elincinci. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, unyulo aluzange luhambelane nebali eliqhelekileyo lezopolitiko ezixhamlayo ezixhamle amaqela asekunene.
Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uve kule veki ukuba uBenjamin Netanyahu-inkokeli yezopolitiko yasekunene-uphumelele elinye ithuba lokuseka urhulumente kwa-Israyeli. Nalapha, njengalo lonke unyulo lwakutsha nje lwase-Israel, ugqatso belusondele. Kodwa iyamangalisa into yokuba uNetanyahu, ephantsi kwezityholo ezithathu ubuqhetseba, ukunyoba, kunye nokungathembeki, akazange athobe ihlazo ejongene nezopolitiko. Yeha, iipolitiki zomsindo kunye nempakatho ziye zakhulisa ubutyebi bonyulo kwinto ebikade ingabagqatswa abangakhethwanga ngaphambili.
Bambalwa abahlalutyi bagqiba ekoyisweni kuka-Bolsonaro noJanลกa ukuba isoyikiso sezopolitiko ezichasene nedemokhrasi ziyehla. Unyulo lwakwaSirayeli, kwelinye icala, lubonwa njengolulumkiso. Njengoko bendikhe ndaphawula ngaphambili, iindlela zezopolitiko zakwa-Israel zihlala zisiba ngumqondiso wemikhwa ebanzi kwidemokhrasi yaseNtshona-Off Broadway to our Broadway,โ ubhala atsho. UThomas Friedman in The New York Times uloyiso lukaNetanyahu, wongezelela ngelithi olona nyulo lwakutshanje luvelise โolona manyano lukude kwimbali yakwaSirayeli. ngaphandle kwemilinganiselo nemida yezopolitiko zakwaSirayeli.โ
Yintsomi ethuthuzelayo yokuba iidemokhrasi zethu zinokulungiswa ngokuphelisa ukulima okanye ukususa imali kwezopolitiko. Ewe, ukulungiswa okunjalo ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kunceda. Kodwa iimephu ezilungileyo okanye iintengiso ezimbalwa zeTV aziyi kujongana negophe leengcamango elikhulayo kunye nokunciphisa umsantsa wonyulo phakathi kweedemokhrasi kunye nabagqithileyo. Ngapha koko, namazwe aneenkqubo zopolitiko ezinengqondo njengeSweden neSlovenia aba ngamaxhoba kolu qhekeko.
Ingxaki ingena nzulu. Ukubeka nje ngokulula, abagqwethekileyo baye baphumelela ekuhlukaniseni abavoti ngenxa yokuba inxalenye enkulu yoluntu oluvotayo kwiidemokhrasi zehlabathi lulahlekelwe lukholo kwiimpawu eziphambili zoluntu lwanamhlanje: amaziko oluntu, ubuchule besayensi, kunye nezopolitiko ezininzi. Okubi kakhulu, ubuncinci ubugwenxa bulele kubameli bezopolitiko bexesha langoku ngokwabo.
Incwadi yokudlala yasekunene
Ukwahlulwahlulwa kwezopolitiko zale mihla kuye kwahlulahlula amazwe abe ziibloko ezimbini eziphantse zilingane kodwa ezichaseneyo. Ngokomzekelo, uYoon Suk-yeol, uphumelele unyulo lukamongameli kulo nyaka eMzantsi Korea ngepesenti enye yeevoti. Umbindi-ekhohlo kunye nasekunene e-Italiyane atsale phantse inani elifanayo leevoti njengokuba neo-fascist uGeorgia Meloni ephume phezulu. Kunyulo lwakutsha nje lwaseKholombiya, uGustavo Petro woyisile umchasi wakhe ofana noTrump malunga neepesenti ezintathu zeepesenti, ukudodobala okuqinisekileyo kweli xesha lokuluma iinzipho.
Nangona lunokuvala ngokungazinzi unyulo kwiindawo ezicalu-calulana, umda omkhulu woloyiso awuqinisekisi nangayiphi na indlela.
EHungary, uViktor Orbรกn kunye neqela lakhe lasekunene likaFidesz bavuthela inkcaso kunyulo lwalo nyaka. Ngoku uye walawula eHungary ukusukela ngo-2010, ingunaphakade kwiminyaka yedemokhrasi. Ivoti engathanga ngqo yomongameli ityhila kanye ukuba uFidesz ulawula kangakanani na kwezopolitiko zaseHungary: umgqatswa weFidesz uphumelele malunga neepesenti ezingama-73 zevoti.
Ngokukwanjalo, u-Aleksandar Vuฤiฤ osanda ngokuzimela uphumelele ugqatso lukamongameli waseSerbia ngeepesenti ezingama-60 kunyulo luka-Epreli ophelileyo. U-Bongbong Marcos ufumene iivoti eziphindwe kabini njengomceli mngeni wakhe osondeleyo kukhuphiswano lukaMeyi kwiiPhilippines. Kwaye kwiTurkmenistan ecinezelekileyo kakhulu, unyana wozwilakhe ixesha elide wabamba phantse iipesenti ezingama-73 zevoti xa kuthelekiswa, ke, akunamsebenzi kangako kwiTurkmenistan yokuzimela geqe ukuba ngubani ongomnye.
Olu loyiso lululo lilungelo lokuzimela geqe, ilungelo lobuzwe, kunye nelo lungelo lide ngokwenene lizibhengezo ezothusayo kunoloyiso lwamva nje lukaNetanyahu. Bamele inqanaba lesibini lokuhla kwedemokhrasi.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, emva kokuba ilungelo elingekho mthethweni libambe isebe lesigqeba, libeka malunga nokubhala kwakhona imithetho yomdlalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uhlala elawula. Akwenza oko ngokusikelโ umda inkululeko yomgaqo-siseko (yentetho, yokuhlanganisana), ngokulawula amajelo eendaba, nangokuhlengahlengisa iinkqubo zokugweba. Lowo ngumzekelo onguvulindlela ngu-Vladimir Putin emva kokuba ephumelele unyulo lwe-2000 kwaye wafezekiswa ngu-Orbรกn.
UTrump waqala kweli cala-kwaye wakwazi ukuguqula inkundla yase-US eqala phezulu-kodwa wathintelwa kwiinjongo zakhe ezinkulu ngokuchasa iziko (abaqeshwe nguye, iCongress, iinkundla, imithombo yeendaba, kunye namashishini amakhulu). Njengo-Orbรกn, owaba nethuba lesibini kulawulo xa waphinda waba yinkulumbuso ngo-2010, uTrump wayenokubonakalisa ubuqhetseba ukuba wayenokuphumelela ngo-2024 (ingakumbi ukuba uqesha ii-toadies ezinobuqhetseba). Okubi nangakumbi kuya kuba luloyiso lukaRon DeSantis okanye uTom Cotton, nokuba ngubani owazi ngcono indlela yokudlala inkqubo yokumisela imigaqo-nkqubo abayifunayo.
Bonke aba bantu bangekho mthethweni baye baxhamla kwaye banegalelo kucalucalulo lwezopolitiko. Izikhundla zabo ezibaxiweyo azisoloko zixhaswa luninzi lwabavotiโbacinga ngokuqhomfa okanye ukuthotywa kwerhafu kwizityebi. Kodwa izibheno zabo kwiingxelo zobuxoki-unyulo "olubiweyo", i-globalists kaSathana, i-"Great Replacement" ithiyori yokuthatha indawo yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe-isiseko esinokuthi sichase iziphakamiso zabo zomgaqo-nkqubo.
Ukujongana nePolarization
inye iqhinga eliqhelekileyo ukujongana ne-polarization ibe kukufumana iindlela zabavoti ukuchonga izinto ezifanayo. Kwakhona okudumileyo kukunciphisa ngandlelโ ithile impembelelo yeendaba ezingeyonyani kunye nokukhuthaza iindlela ezizisa abantu ndawonye kwiyantlukwano yoluntu ukukhuthaza uvelwano. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, la maqhinga akhange anciphise ukucalucalulwa kwezopolitiko.
Kukwaxhaphakile ukuxoxa ngelithi abaxhasi bezopolitiko abagqwesileyo abanangqondo. Nokuba "zizolile" okanye, njengoko uThomas Frank waxoxayo Yintoni ingxaki ngeKansas, bavotela ngokuchasene nezilangazelelo zabo (zoqoqosho).
Ngokuqinisekileyo abanye babaxhasi bakaTrump, Bolsonaro, Netanyahu, kunye noMeloni banobuhlanga. Kwaye abanye abavoti abafumana imivuzo ephantsi baxhasa abagqatswa bethanda izityebi.
Kodwa isiseko esibalulekileyo sokuxhasa abo bagqwethekileyo sisengqiqweni. Uninzi lwabavoti be-MAGA kunye noogxa babo kwihlabathi liphela baziva beshiywe ngasemva kwezoqoqosho ngenxa yokudityaniswa kwehlabathi, nto leyo ethe yavala iziseko zemveliso yehlabathi elishishinayo, itshabalalisa imisebenzi yabantu kunye noluntu luphela. Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba, aba โbaphulukene nokudityaniswa kwehlabathiโ baziva bengcatshiwe ngamaqela aphambili ezopolitiko awamkelayo lo msebenzi wokudityaniswa kwehlabathi kwasekuqaleni. Yaye abaxolanga ngokunzulu lutshintsho lwentlalo oluye lwahamba noku kudityaniswa kwehlabathi.
Ngamanye amazwi, kwidabi eliphakathi kwabakhululekileyo nabangenamali, abo bangaphambili bagqibela ngokusingela phantsi isikhundla sabo sobupolitika ngokuqhubela phambili uhlobo oluthile lombono oqinileyo, wehlabathi elihluthwe yonke imiqobo yokuhamba kwenkunzi, elinegunya lesizwe elibuthathaka kwisigqibo sezoqoqosho. -ukwenza kunye nokugxila okungapheliyo ekukhuleni kwe-carbon-intensive. Kwaye ngelixa iinkululeko zezoqoqosho ziye zatyhala le ajenda, iinkululeko zentlalo ziye zagxila ngakumbi ekusebenziseni intetho yamalungelo oluntu ngokulinganayo. Nangona iyancomeka le projekthi yamva, ithetha ukuba abasebenzi abaninzi ababone ukudodobala kwemeko yabo yezoqoqosho kwangaxeshanye baye babona ukudodobala komgangatho wabo wentlalo ngokunjalo.
Ukuzoba kwakhona iimephu zonyulo, ukususa imali kwezopolitiko, ukujolisa intetho yentiyo, kunye nokunciphisa ulwazi olungeyonyani kumajelo eendaba zentlalo yonke yimisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Kodwa abazisombululi ezi ngxaki zezoqoqosho zisisiseko.
Ukuba sizimisele malunga nokunciphisa impembelelo yee-extremists, iidemokhrasi kufuneka ziphinde zigxininise i-ajenda yazo kuqoqosho kuqala, ukwakha umfelandawonye we-rainbow malunga nemisebenzi emihle kumashishini acocekileyo, ukudala inkuthazo ye-plutocrats ukuba ityale kwimpahla yoluntu (kwaye ibohlwaye ngenxa yokungenzi. ngoko), nokumisela kwakhona ulawulo lwesizwe kuqoqosho lwangaphakathi ukuze lubambe iimpembelelo zamaqumrhu ezizwe ngezizwe nakwizemali.
Oku kujoliswa kwakhona kwimidla yezoqoqosho kufuna ukuhlengahlengiswa kwemiba eyahlula uluntu ekuhlaleni. Ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kuya kuba kuncinci malunga neengxoxo zamanani kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokugcina kunye nokwandisa amacandelo abalulekileyo axhomekeke kubasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe njengezolimo, ukhathalelo lwezempilo kunye nokwakha. Umgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu uyancipha malunga nokuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso enekhabhoni kunye nokubeka abo basebenzi kwaye ngakumbi malunga nokuzisa iinkqubo ezintsha zamandla acocekileyo ezixhamlisa ngokungafanelekanga abo bahlelelekileyo, ngakumbi abasebenzi abagxothiweyo.
Ipolarization yimveliso engenakuphepheka yezopolitiko zedemokhrasi. Kuphela ngoozwilakhe kunye ne-fascists bakholelwa kubunye bentsomi kuluntu. Kodwa ukuchasana phakathi kwabameli kunye nabachasi bexesha langoku akunempilo, ngakumbi xa aba bamva beqala ukuhlutha amandla ezopolitiko. Ukuthintela i-illiberals ekutsaleni i-Orbรกn kunye nokubuyisela uluntu ngeendlela ezichasayo zale mihla, thina bantu banamhlanje kufuneka siqale sivume ukuba iprojekthi yethu ineziphene, mhlawumbi iyingozi kakhulu kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kufuneka sichaze umbono omtsha wezoqoqosho ongashiyi abantu abaninzi ngasemva-okanye, kungekudala, siya kuba ngabo abashiyekileyo kwiivoti.
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Nikela