Ukushiya ecaleni izithethe ezenziweyo, iUnited States yahlasela i-Iraq ngo-2003 ukuze iphinde iqinisekise amandla ase-US kuMbindi Mpuma nokunciphisa impembelelo ye-Iran. Yayingebubo ubugrogrisi okanye ikeyiki etyheli okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwamalungelo oluntu kaSaddam Hussein okothusayo okwakhuthaza eyona mpazamo inkulu yaseMelika yangaphandle.
Yayiyi-geopolitics, ubudenge.
Ngokweengcamango ezishushu zikaDonald Rumsfeld, uDick Cheney, kunye namaqabane abo e-neocon, iSaddam iya kuba yidomino yokuqala ukuwa, ilandelwa ngamanye ama-autocrats (uBashar al-Assad eSyria, uMuammar Qaddafi eLibya) de, idemokhrasi inyuse idemokhrasi. ayatollahs eIran ngokunjalo. Bade bacingela, ngokuyifaka nje "kwi-axis yobubi," ukuba iNorth Korea nayo iza kufumana iNtwasahlobo yasePyongyang.
Wawa ngokwenene uSaddam. Kwaye emva koko i-Iraq yaqhekeka, ngenxa yokusilela kolawulo lukaBush ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokwakha kwakhona emva kwemfazwe.
Kodwa idemokhrasi ayizange ibambe kulo mmandla, ngakumbi eNorth Korea. Abanye oo-autocrats baye bancwina, kwimeko ka-Assad ngokucinezela ngokungenalusini uvukelo loluntu, ngelixa abanye bavele njengo-Abdel Fattah el-Sisi e-Egypt kunye no-Adelmadjid Tebboune e-Algeria. Kwaye uninzi lweedemokhrasi ezibekekileyo, ezinjengoKais Saied eTunisia kunye noBenjamin Netanyahu kwaSirayeli, baye bangena ngokuqinileyo kwinkampu engafanelekanga.
Nantsi i koan kwiineocons: sithini isandi sokuwa kwedomino enye?
Ii-ayatollah, okwangoku, azihambanga ndawo. I-Iran, ngalo lonke uqikelelo, yandise ukuma kwayo kwingingqi emva kwe-2003, yaba ngumdlali ophambili kwi-Iraq emva kwemfazwe, ikhulisa impembelelo yayo eLebhanon naseSyria, iphakamisa iphrofayili yayo phakathi kwamaPalestina ngenkxaso yeHamas eGaza, kunye nokuxhasa iqela lamaShiite eYemen. .
Ke, uhlaselo lwase-Iraq luvelise iziphumo ezichasene ngqo noko bekucetyiwe, ngaphandle kwelahleko angaphezu kwama-4,400 XNUMX amajoni aseU.S kunye nokuphuma kwe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukulwa imfazwe nokulungisa ilizwe elonakeleyo. Ama-Iraqi, ewe, abandezeleke ngakumbi: malunga ne-300,000 yokufa kunye norhulumente ikhutshiwe ngoku ngorhwaphilizo kunye nokulwa.
Kulungile, uSaddam akakho. Kodwa i-Iran kunye nemibutho yobunqolobi efana ne-Islamic State igcwalise i-vacuum yengingqi, hayi i-United States okanye idemokhrasi.
Impembelelo ehlayo yase-US kulo mmandla yayiboniswe kwisivumelwano samva nje sokuba i-Iran yangena kunye neSaudi Arabia. Amagunya amabini ahlala echasa kuvunyelwene kule nyanga ukubuyisela ubudlelwane bezozakuzo, kwaye ukumkani waseSaudi Arabia wade wamema uMongameli waseIran u-Ebrahim Raisi ukuba atyelele eRiyadh. Olu phuhliso lumangalisayo, phakathi kwamazwe amabini alwe ngokusebenzisa abameli eYemen, eSyria, naseLebhanon, lunamandla okulungisa lo mmandla.
I-United States, elona lizwe linamandla emhlabeni kunye ne-hegemon yasemva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kuMbindi Mpuma, yayingenanto yakwenza nobudlelwane.
Yayiyi-China eyathi yaphula isivumelwano, ilizwe elinesiseko somkhosi omnye waphesheya kunye nembali encinci yokubandakanyeka kuMbindi Mpuma.
Kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engamashumi amabini yohlaselo lwase-Iraq, iUnited States iphinde yafumanisa ukuba abanamandla banokuthotywa njani na zii-hubris zabo.
Ngubani ofunda iZifundo zaseIraq?
I-United States ilahlekelwe ngumlinganiselo omkhulu wempembelelo yayo yehlabathi, ngenxa ye-fiascos yayo e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ngaba abalawuli abalandelayo baye bafunda isifundo solu hlaselo lungafanelekanga?
UBarack Obama wazama ngokudumileyo ukuphuma e-Iraq ukuya โekuphumelelaโ imfazwe e-Afghanistan. Namhlanje, amaTaliban aphinda alawula elo lizwe.
uDonald Trump yenziwe ngokungathi akazange axhase iMfazwe yase-Iraq njengenxalenye yomzamo wokuzipeyinta njengomgxeki wongenelelo lomkhosi wase-US. Ngapha koko, kwakungenxa yemizamo edibeneyo yamalungu anengqondo ngakumbi kulawulo lwakhe ukuba uTrump akazange afake i-United States emfazweni. kunye neIran or IVenezuela
IBiden ibonakala ngathi ifunde ngokuyinxenye izifundo zase-Iraq. Ulandele ekutsalweni kwemikhosi yase-US e-Afghanistan, kwaye uye wachasa ukuthumela imikhosi yase-US eUkraine. Kwelinye icala, uye watyhala uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi wase-US ukuba lube phezulu kwaye luphindwe kabini ekuqulatheni iTshayina.
Kodwa umntu ongakhange azifunde ngokwenene izifundo zase-Iraq uvela kwilizwe elahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: uVladimir Putin.
Kunyaka ophelileyo, uPutin wenza umlinganiso othembekileyo kaGeorge W. Bush ngokusungula uhlaselo "lomothuko kunye noloyiko" e-Ukraine awayecinga ukuba iya kuba yi-cakewalk engayifuni. ukulungiselela kakuhle njengeemephu ezihlaziyiweyo okanye ukutya okwaneleyo ukondla imikhosi ehlaselayo. "Imida yomkhosi wamajoni" onayo ibe libinzana elibambekayo phakathi kwabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo base-US kunye neepundi ngokucacileyo azizange zingene kwiindonga ze-Kremlin okanye kwingqondo yesizwe yenkokeli yaseRashiya.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, iingcali zaseNtshona ziye zacotha ukuzoba oku kufana okucacileyo. Kwi Guardian, UJonathan Steele amanqaku ukuba โnangona amandla e-US aphinda avela eYurophu ngenxa yemfazwe yaseUkraine, ixesha lobungangamsha be-US kwihlabathi liphela lingaphela kungekudala. Ewe, ukukhukuliseka kwamandla e-US kube lixesha elide ekwenzeni. Kodwa kuthekani ngesiphelo sobungangamsha baseRashiya kummandla walo wempembelelo? Ngaba oko bekungayi kuba luthelekiso olulunge ngakumbi phakathi kweemfazwe zase-Iraq ne-Ukraine? Ulawulo lweBiden lufunde ubuncinci izifundo ezithile kwimpazamo eyoyikekayo. Okufanayo akunakutshiwo kuPutin, kwaye iRussia ngokuqinisekileyo iya kubandezeleka kwiziphumo ze-geopolitical.
Ishaan Tharoor, kwi IWashington Post, iingcongconi ukuba iUnited States ayinako ukwakha umfelandawonye osebenza ngakumbi wehlabathi ngokuchasene neRussia ngenxa yohanahaniso lwayo olubuyela kwiMfazwe yase-Iraq. Kuyinyani, kodwa uninzi lwehlabathi luyathandabuza iinjongo zase-US ngenxa yempazamo yomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US obuyela emva kwinkulungwane okanye ngaphezulu-kwaye nangenxa yokuba iRussia isenempembelelo kumazwe abalulekileyo afana neTshayina, iIndiya kunye noMzantsi Afrika. Kwaye luhanahaniso lwaseRashiya-kaPutin amabango ahlekisayo ukuba uphakamisa ulongamo kunokuba aphule-yeyona nto ibaluleke ngakumbi kwimfazwe yangoku. I-imperialism ayisoze ithi uyaxolisa (okanye wenze ingqiqo, ngaloo nto).
Kwaye kwifayile ye- Boston Globe, Andrew Bacevich lwenza Ingxoxo esisiseko yokuba "uBiden ubonakala ekholelwa ukuba imfazwe yaseUkraine ibonelela ngendawo apho i-United States inokoyisa ilifa le-Iraq, imenza ukuba afezekise uluvo lwakhe oluphindaphindiweyo lokuba 'iMelika ibuyile."
Ngokwenyani?!
Imfazwe yaseUkraine ayinanto yakwenza ne-United States kunokufuna kuka-Vladimir Putin amandla kunye namandla obukhosi. IUnited States ayikuphela kwegunya elinamandla elinamandla angaphezu kwamandla alo. Ngaphaya koko, ulawulo lweBiden luphendule ngeengalo kunye nenkxaso ye-Ukraine hayi ngomzamo wokoyisa ilifa le-Iraq kodwa. ukuza kukukhusela idemokhrasi ethe yahlaselwa.
Ezi mpikiswano zonke ziyinxalenye ye-US egxile kakhulu "yintoni malunga" eye yangena kwintetho yasekhohlo yase-US ngokukodwa malunga ne-Ukraine. Endaweni yokugxila kwizenzo zaseRussia, abagxeki abachasene nemfazwe baya kuthi "kuthekani ngohlaselo lwase-Iraq lwase-US?" ngokungathi kunokubakho ilizwe elinye eliziphethe kakubi emhlabeni kunye nelitye elinye kuphela lobubi.
U-Bacevich, kwakhona, uzame ukwenza okulungileyo koku kungabi naxanduva lokuthetha- Ukunika i-Whataboutism ithuba-ngokugqiba ngelithi "nangona imbi kangakanani, amabhongo kaPutin eUkraine abonakala ethozamile xa ethelekiswa" nolwaphulo-mthetho lwase-US e-Iraq. Nangona u-Bacevich evuma ukuba "izenzo zikaPutin ibe zezosaphuli-mthetho esibi," uxoxa ngokufanelekileyo ukuba izibonda e-Ukraine ngandlel 'ithile azikho nkulu kangangokuba zinike ilizwe iindlela ezaneleyo zokuzikhusela.
Isibakala sokuba iUnited States, phakathi kwezinye, iye yasilela ukwenza okulungileyo kwixesha elidluleyoโokanye kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi namhlanjeโakumele nangayiphi na indlela ikuthobe ukubaluleka kokwenza into elungileyo ngoku eUkraine. Ngaba u-Bacevich angaxoxa ukuba abalawuli beBiden akufuneki balandele ukucuthwa kwekhabhoni enkulu ekhaya ngenxa yokuba i-United States impompe ikhabhoni eninzi emoyeni ngaphambili okanye iyasilela ukunceda, umzekelo, iIndiya ekukhabeleni umkhwa wefosili namhlanje? Entliziyweni yayo, i-whataboutism inika umbono wobukrelekrele wokungakwazi ukwenza nto xa ujongene nobubi.
Yaye Kuthekani Ngempembelelo yaseU.S?
Nanjengoko bephawula ukwehla kwefuthe lehlabathi lase-United States, abanye abahlalutyi nangona kunjalo bakholelwa ukuba iWashington ngandlela thile inokutshangatshangisa intonga yomlingo ukuphelisa imfazwe eUkraine.
Thatha uGeorge Beebe, ungene Uxanduva lokuphendula, ngubani owenza Inkcazo eyingxaki ukuba kweli hlotyeni โiUkraine inokuba namandla amancinci eengxoxo, njengoko indawo yayo yedabi idodobala kunye nokuzithemba kwayo ekunyamezeleni inkxaso yaseMelika kuncipha.โ Ke, abaphathi beBiden kufuneka bacinezele
i-accelerator pedal kwiingxoxo kunye neRashiya. Umzekelo, ukusayina ngobulumko eMoscow ukuba sikulungele ukuxoxa ngomcimbi onxakayo wobulungu be-Ukraine kwi-NATO- umba uPutin awujonga njengombindi wemfazwe, kodwa lowo uBiden walile ukuxoxa - unokunceda ukutshintsha la mandla kunye nokuhlengahlengisa. Isimo sengqondo saseRashiya malunga nesisombululo.
Olu luvo lusekelwe kwiintelekelelo ezininzi eziphosakeleyo. UBeebe ubongoza abalawuli beBiden ukuba bathathe amanyathelo ngoku ngenxa yento ethile-umlo wedabi kungenzeka kwenzeke kweli hlobo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uBiden umamele uBeebe (thetha ngeengxoxo ezizalisekisayo).
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iWashington inokubonisa ukuba iya kuthetha ngobulungu be-NATO kunye neRashiya. Kodwa uPutin eneneni akakhathali kangako nge-NATO ngomntu ngamnye. Eyona nto ifunwa yinkokeli yaseRussia kukubandakanya ngokupheleleyo iUkraine eRashiya kangangoko. Ngaphandle kokufakwa kolawulo olulungele i-Kremlin e-Kyiv, uya kuhlala kwilizwe elibuthathaka ngokwesakhiwo elingasokuze libe nosoyikiso-yasemkhosini, ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko-kwiRussia.
Okokugqibela, into angayithethiyo uBeebe kodwa ayithethi ukuba abalawuli beBiden kufuneka basebenzise impembelelo yabo ngokungqiyama kwi-Ukraine ukuba bathethathethane neRussia, ngakumbi ukuba ayiziva inyanzelekile ukuba yenze njalo ngeemeko ezisemhlabeni.
Ewe, ewe, abaphathi beBiden banokuwenza buthathaka kakhulu umkhosi waseUkraine ngokunqanda izixhobo zomkhosi. Abaxhasi balo mbono kholelwa ukuba oku kuya kuvelisa isivumelwano sothethathethwano. Eyona meko inokuba luhlaselo lomkhosi waseRussia oluphindiweyo olukhatshwa lulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kwinqanaba eliya kunciphisa ukoyikeka kweYugoslavia ngeminyaka yoo-1990. I izityholo zakutsha nje kaPutin yiNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yamazwe ngamazwe igxile ekufudusweni ngenkani kwabantwana baseUkraine. Kodwa leyo yinxalenye encinci yento eyenziwe nguPutin: ukubulawa amabanjwa emfazwe, bulawa yabantu, bhobhoza yeziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu. Umlo opheleleyo ngokuchasene nomchasi obuthathaka uya kuzisa ulwaphulo-mthetho olupheleleyo lwemfazwe.
Yonke le nto icebisa ukuba abagxeki "ngoxolo" lomgaqo-nkqubo kaBiden ukuya eUkraine-ukusuka khohlo kwaye i kunene-ngabo ngokwenene abangazifakanga ngaphakathi izifundo zeMfazwe yase-Iraq. Ukwala kwe-United States ukwenza naziphi na izicwangciso ezinzulu emva kohlaselo, umzamo wokuhlala e-Iraq kwaye uchaze ikamva layo lezopolitiko nezoqoqosho, inkolelo ecacileyo yokuba uhlaselo luya kuqinisa ukuma kwe-US kulo mmandla-bonke bangena e-Iraq kwiminyaka neminyaka. yemfazwe yamakhaya. Nantoni na emfutshane yokunciphisa kakhulu impembelelo yaseRashiya e-Ukraine iya kuligweba ilizwe ngokufanayo.
I-US yemka ngokuqhubekayo icela imikhosi yase-US ukuba imke e-Iraq. Kuphela ngabo basilelayo ukufunda izifundo zeMfazwe yase-Iraq abaya kusilela ukwenza imfuno efanayo yeRussia njengemfuneko yoxolo olunobulungisa namhlanje.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela