Imbono ecetywayo yembali
Uninzi lweLatin America lwafumana inkululeko kwiSpain ngenkulungwane ye-19. Onke amazwe azimele geqe ajamelene nengxaki efanayo: amagunya angaphambili aqhubeka elawula amandla amakhulu omkhosi, ezemali nobuxoki. Anokuthini amazwe asandulโ ukupheliswa kubukholoni (okanye, kwimeko yezizwe zomthonyama, angaze aphelise ubukoloniyali) amazwe anokuthi athintele ukwenziwa kwamakholoni kwakhona?
Enye ingcaciso enokwenzeka yembali yenkulungwane yama-20 kukuba amazwe akoloniyali athatha ithuba lemfazwe yamakhaya yaseYurophu eyayiyiWWI kunye neWWII ukuze asuse iinkosi zawo, ezazibuthathaka kakhulu ekulweni ukuze zicinezele zonke iimvukelo kwiikoloni. Ngokunjalo neMpuma Yurophu, 'ihlabathi lesithathu' lokuqala, labalekela 'kwihlabathi lesibini', eliza kulandelwa kumashumi eminyaka kamva ngamazwe amaninzi aseAsia, eAfrika, naseCaribbean.
Ngamazwe amaninzi 'asabileyo' kubukoloniyali ngaxeshanye, iqhinga lokuhlala ususwe ubukoloniyali lizicebisile: fumana uncedo kwamanye amazwe akwimeko efanayo kodwa ngokuqhubekayo. Yakha amazwe-amazwe aqinileyo, kunye nobumbano lwangaphakathi kunye nokulingana ukuthintela ukwahlula kunye nokulawula amaqhinga. Yakhani ishishini elinzima kunye nemikhosi eyomeleleyo. Fumana uncedo lobuchwephesha, iimpahla, iinkonzo, kunye nemifelandawonye, โโevela kumazwe aphucukileyo, ngakumbi i-USSR. Ngaphandle kokuba amagunya obukhosi akhuphe izibonelelo, ilizwe lingakwazi ukufezekisa konke oku kwaye libe lisamisela uhlaziyo lokulingana ukuba amakholoni ayengavumelekanga- ukwandisa ukufunda nokubhala, ukusasazwa komhlaba, ukuthintela indlala kunye nokubonelela ngokhathalelo lwempilo. Ukuze kuzuze inkululeko kwasekuqaleni, bekukho umzabalazo omde, wezopolitiko kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ezempi, obandakanya ukuphakamisa okwaneleyo kwabemi ngokungathobeli ukwenza ukubamba ilizwe kungabizindleko kumakholoni. Ukuba 'amaqhinga okuzimela' akaphumelelanga, baya kubona amazwe abo 'eneocolonized', kunye nolawulo lobuzwilakhe lwase-US olufakelweyo lolo hlobo lwabandezeleka kulo lonke elaseLatin America nakwezinye iindawo.
Ekugqibeleni, phantse bonke 'abacwangcisi benkululeko' baye basilela, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo: Isizwe sakha umanyano nokumanyana kwabantu ngokucinezela ngenkohlakalo amaqela ezizwe amancinane nabantu bomthonyama ababeza kuthi ekugqibeleni bagqabhuke babe ziimfazwe zamakhaya. Ishishini elinzima kunye neteknoloji yezomkhosi, ukuba kwakunokwenzeka, beza ngeendleko zeenkqubo zezolimo ezifunwa kakhulu ngabantu basemaphandleni, kwaye rhoqo-kaninzi-kaninzi-kaninzi ngeendleko zamalungelo abo asisiseko. Uloyiko, lubonakalise ukuba lulungile amaxesha ngamaxesha, ukuba ukuvumela ukuchasana kuya kunika i-US ithuba lokuxhaphaza ukubhukuqa urhulumente ozimeleyo kwaye ifake othobelayo, okhokelela koorhulumente abangafuniyo nabanegunya. Kwaye uncedo oluvela kwi-USSR lwaluhlala luthetha ukuzithoba kwi-ajenda yelizwe okanye, mhlawumbi, ngakumbi, isizathu esinamandla sokungenelela kwe-US, apho i-USSR yayingenakukhusela ilizwe.
Ukuba isiphelo seSoviet Union sathetha 'isiphelo sembali' kwabanye, ngendlela yokuza 'kwentengiso yasimahla kunye nedemokhrasi' kuzo zonke iimbombo zehlabathi, oko kwakuthetha, ngandlel' ithile, ukuphela kwesi sicwangciso. ngokuxhathisa ama impiriyali. Ngenene, izibhengezo 'zokuphela kwembali' azizange ziphelele kubaloyisi baseMntla Melika. UJorge Castaneda, umphathiswa wangoku kaFox (ozintloni) wezangaphandle, wabhala incwadi, eyapapashwa ngo-1993, ebizwa ngokuba yi-'utopia disarmed', ebanga ukuba i-Latin American Left yayifile. Kungekudala emva kokupapashwa kwencwadi yakhe, kwaqalisa imvukelo yaseZapatista.
Isicwangciso Esitsha
I-EZLN kunye nomsebenzi owenziwe eChiapas ngumboniso wendlela eyahlukileyo yeqhinga lokulwa nobukoloniyali. Kwakukho imisonto yendlela yeZapatistas kwimbali yonke, naxa iqhinga elidala lalilawula. Kodwa yindlela entsha, esaphuhliswayo, kwiindawo ezifana ne-World Social Forum nakwiindawo kwihlabathi jikelele. Isicwangciso sinokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Thatha nayiphi na indawo onokuyenza, kwaye wenze iinguqu ezininzi kangangoko unako, ngaphandle kokulinda uloyiso. Gxininisa kumzabalazo wezopolitiko, ngokucotha nangomonde uququzelela wonke umntu kwindawo. Yamkela iyantlukwano kwaye ungafuni ukwakha intshukumo efanayo. Yiba nedemokhrasi ecacileyo kuthatho-nxaxheba, hayi umfuziselo omeleyo. Kwaye ukukhuselwa kumandla omkhosi wamandla obukhosi, ukwakha ubumbano lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka ukukhapha, ukujonga, kunye nokudibanisa nabaphikisi kumazwe atyebileyo. Iintshukumo eziphuhlisa esi sicwangciso ziquka iiZapatistas, kodwa nezinye ezininzi: abantu bomthonyama baseCauca, eKholombiya, iQela laBasebenzi eBrazil, intshukumo yedemokhrasi ethe ngqo eArgentina, iBolivarian movement eVenezuela, kunye nomanyano lwezoqoqosho oluthe cwaka lwenza lukhulu. inkqubela kwimida emininzi, engaqatshelwanga kuMntla Melika.
Kwesi sincoko, ndingathanda ukuchaza ezinye zeentshukumo zaseLatin America ezisebenzisa esi sicwangciso sokuchasa, kwaye ndenze izindululo ezithile endikholelwa ukuba ziyahambelana nayo.
UQoqosho lweSolidarity
Ingxoxo ye-Solidarity Economics apha isekelwe kwiphepha leengxoxo yi-Latin American Confederation of Cooperatives and Worker's Associations (COLACOT) ngoJanuwari 2002, ebizwa ngokuba 'yi-Solidarity Economics: enye indlela yophuhliso, ukulingana, ubulungisa bezenhlalakahle, kunye noxolo eColombia'. (http://www.zmag.org/content/VisionStrategy/colacot-solidarityecon.cfm) Eli phepha limisela eminye yemigaqo yomanyano lwezoqoqosho:
I-1) Ukubambisana, intsebenziswano, kunye nedemokhrasi njengemimiselo ekufuneka bonke abantu kunye nemibutho kufuneka bayilandele ukuba babe yinxalenye yoQoqosho lweSolidarity.
2) Ukuphakama kwabasebenzi ngaphezu kwenkunzi. Umsebenzi ngundoqo wobomi bezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Iza kuhlangulwa kubukhoboka benkunzi ize ibuyiselwe kwisidima sayo esifanelekileyo.
3) Umbutho wabasebenzi njengesiseko esisisiseko sombutho wamashishini, imveliso, kunye noqoqosho ngokubanzi. Oku kuya kufakwa endaweni yomsebenzi ohlawulwayo wobungxowankulu ongoyena nobangela uphambili wokungalingani kwezentlalo, ukusasazwa ngokungekho sikweni kobutyebi, intlupheko, kunye nokucalulwa kwezentlalo.
4) Ubunini bezenhlalakahle beendlela zokuvelisa ngabasebenzi abathi, njengabavelisi abathe ngqo, bangabanini kunye nabaphathi beshishini njengoluntu lwabasebenzi kunye nabaxhamli bomsebenzi. Oku kuphelisa ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu ngabanye abantu, abantu ngurhulumente, kunye nonobangela womzabalazo weklasi ngokwawo.
I-5) Ulawulo lokuzimela njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi kulawulo lwamashishini, uqoqosho, kunye noluntu kunye norhulumente. Oku kuphelisa ukujongelwa phantsi kwaye kwakha kwaye kuqinise idemokhrasi yokwenene.
6) Ukongama kwenkonzo, intlalontle, kunye nobulungisa ngaphezu kokuqokelelwa komntu ngamnye, inzuzo, kunye 'nexabiso elongeziweyo'.
Oomasibambisane ababumba icandelo loqoqosho lwentsebenziswano bakholisa ukufika kwelo candelo ngeendlela ezinomdla. ICanada-Colombia Solidarity Campaign yatyelela amanye ala maqumrhu ngo-Agasti 2001. Banika ingxelo ngeefektri ezi-4 apho abasebenzi bebegwayimba, bexhaswa ngumbindi womanyano (CUT), iminyaka. Abasebenzi beglasi, abasebenzi boomatshini, iplastiki kunye nabavelisi bezinto zokudlala baye bahlala kwizityalo ukuthintela abanini babo ukuba bakhuphe okokugqibela koomatshini naphi na ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-5 iminyaka. Baye baphuhlisa uqoqosho oluncinci olusekelwe ekuncedeni kunye nasekuqaliseni izinto ezintsha, ukufuya iinkukhu, imivundla kunye nentlanzi kunye nokuqhuba indawo yokutyela nanjengoko becinezela urhulumente kunye nomqeshi wabo ukuba bahlangabezane neemfuno zabo.'
(http://www.zmag.org/crisescurevts/colombia/mingacm7.htm)
'I-Economia Solidaria' ayikuphela kwentshukumo yenye indlela 'kwi-capitalism ekhohlakeleyo' eveliswe ngu-Latin America. Iiprojekthi zemibutho yezentlalo yaseBrazil, ukusuka kwi-militant Landless Peasant Movement (MST) ukuya kwi-Worker's Party (PT), ziyimiboniso yendlela yoqoqosho eyahlukileyo.
IMovimento Sem Terra
Isilogeni se-Landless Peasant's Movement (MST) sithi: 'hlala, xhathisa, yakha kwakhona.' Oku kuchaza indlela yabo ngokunjalo. Kwilizwe apho i-3% yabanini-mhlaba belawula i-62% yomhlaba olimekayo, kwaye apho izigidi ezi-4 zeentsapho zabalimi zingenamhlaba, kwaye apho kukho umhlaba wokulima omninzi kune-US yelizwekazi, amaqhinga e-MST abonakala eyimfuneko yokuziphatha kunye nesenzo.
Ngokuthimba umhlaba, nangokuwubamba phezu kwayo nje ingcinezelo, nothethathethwano nabasemagunyeni, i-MST iye yafumana umhlaba weentsapho ezingama-300,000, kwaye ayinanjongo yokuyeka. Into abayenzayo emhlabeni xa benawo badla ngokuwubuyisela ebomini. Amalungu e-MST azama 'nge-agroecologia', ukulima ngokutya okuphilayo, kunye nezinye iindlela eziphilileyo zokulawula umhlaba. Emva kokuba bephumelele umhlaba wabo, abalimi banokungena 'kuqoqosho lwesolidarity'.
Amatsha ntliziyo e-MST abulewe, kwaye intshukumo ijongene nengcinezelo eqikelelwayo ngokuchasene nayo. I-MST ijongene noxinzelelo oluncinci kunye nothethathethwano oluninzi kwiindawo ezilawulwa yi-Worker's Party (PT) eBrazil, njengelizwe laseRio Grande do Sul. Kodwa nalapha, ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-MST kunye noorhulumente abusoloko buvumelana. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwezona ndawo zineengcwangu zombutho kunye nawona malungu 'amaziko' akulunganga apha, njengakwezinye iindawo, kwaye nalapha njengakwezinye iindawo, ukuvala umsantsa kuya kunika amandla kunye nenyaniso efunekayo ukuqhubela phambili ubulungisa kwezentlalo.
Iqela labasebenzi kunye noHlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuthatha inxaxheba
Ukucaphula 'kwiNgxelo yeLatin American kwiWSF' (http://www.zmag.org/content/VisionStrategy/feijoo_orono_latinam-wsf2.cfm)
UHlahlo lwabiwo-mali lweNxaxheba yindlela, apho utyekelo lokunabisa amagunya kunye nokukhuthaza intatho-nxaxheba yoluntu ebonakalayo. Izigqibo azisathathwa kwiSebe lezoQoqosho kodwa koomasipala abangama-497 abasasazwa kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngokulandelayo, intatho nxaxheba yabahlali kwezo ngxoxo zoluntu ikhule ukusuka kwi-190,000 yabantu ababethathe inxaxheba kwiindibano zokuqala kwiminyaka emi-3 eyadlulayo ukuya kuma-380,000 ngo-2001, nto leyo emele ukwanda ngokuthe ngqo nge-100%. Ezi ndibano zamabanga aphantsi kufuneka zaziswe ngokungqongqo ngee-akhawunti kunye neendleko ekungenwe kuzo sisigqeba esilawulayo, nto leyo eye yadala ingqiqo ebanzi malunga nendlela olusebenza ngayo uqoqosho oluntsonkothileyo kunye nezezimali.
Inkqubo isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Abemi babeka izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwicandelo lohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukamasipala (okanye lukarhulumente). Ummi ngamnye udwelisa into yokuqala, eyesibini, neyesithathu. Isixa-mali esabelwe izinto zohlahlo lwabiwo-mali sibalwa ngokusekelwe kumndilili olinganisiweyo wezinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka zabemi. Ngale ndlela, inkcitho yoluntu ilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo ngabemi. Iziphumo luhlahlo lwabiwo-mali olubonakalisa ngenene izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka zabantu kwaye, ngoko ke, zahlukile kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluninzi.
Nangaphandle kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokuthatha inxaxheba, i-PT ibeka phambili i-ajenda yentlalontle. Imfundo ifumana i-35% yengeniso karhulumente e-Rio Grande do Sul, urhulumente apho i-PT ilawula khona, ngootitshala abatsha abangama-20,000 abaqeshwe ukususela oko banyulwayo, amagumbi okufundela amatsha ali-1400, izibonelelo ezitsha eziyi-135 kunye nenkqubo entsha yezothutho. IYunivesithi yeSizwe entsha yenziwe. Impilo ithatha i-10%. Ulwakhiwo lwezindlu luthatha indawo ephezulu kwi-ajenda, kwaye umsebenzi wobupolisa utshintshile, ngeenzame zokuthatha ulwaphulo-mthetho njengengxaki yasekuhlaleni kunokuba isonjululwe ngengcinezelo yodwa. Apha, apho babenikwe ithuba, abantu babesenza izigqibo eziphucula umgangatho wobomi babantu bonke.
Iinzalelwane zaseCauca, eKholombiya
Iprojekthi yemveli yaseCauca, eququzelelwe kwiBhunga leMveli yaseCauca (CRIC), yabelana ngokufana okubalulekileyo kunye nemigudu eBrazil. Yabelana ne-MST ngeenzame zokubuyiselwa komhlaba eziyimpumelelo ezenzeke ngabalimi abakhaliphileyo bathatha imihlaba baze basinda kwiziphumo. Yabelana ne-PT ngokuyilwa koomatshini bakarhulumente abathatha inxaxheba nabasabelayo ebantwini.
Abantu bomthonyama baseCauca kunye neprojekthi yabo ichazwe apha (http://www.zmag.org/content/Colombia/podur-rozental.cfm). Inqanaba langoku lomzabalazo wabo weminyaka engama-500 laqala ngo-1971 ngePaez yaseToribio. Baphehlelele 'i-Proyecto NASA' kwintlanganiso eyimfihlo enemiyalelo emibini: umhlaba kunye nenkcubeko. Kunyaka wokuqala wokuhlala kwabo emhlabeni, phakathi kwama-800-1500 abantu bomthonyama babulawa. Ngokuzingisa phezu kwayo nje le ngcinezelo, baye baphinda bawuzuza umva inkoliso yamazwe aseCauca. I-Cauca ikwalilo kuphela isebe e-Colombia elinonyuliweyo, irhuluneli yemveli.
Urhulumente wabo usekelwe kwinkqubo yokubonisana kunye nocwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba olwenziwe kwiminyaka emininzi kwinqanaba lengingqi. Umanyano abalwakhileyo kwelo nqanaba lubenze bakwazi ukuthabatha oomatshini borhulumente kamasipala. Ukusuka apho, baqhubela phambili ukuze ngoku babambe uburhuluneli bukarhulumente. Amandla enkqubo kukuba amagosa anyuliweyo ajongwe, kwaye aphathwe njengezicaka zabantu. Abantu, kumabhunga abo, banegunya lokululeka okanye ukuwakhumbula la magosa. Imihla ngemihla, iCauca iqhutywa kwiimodeli zePaez zobulungisa, ezolimo kunye nophuhliso.
Apha, kwakhona, into eyenziwe yimibutho ifanelekile into ebenokuyenza (abanye oomatshini bakarhulumente kunye nomhlaba) kwaye yenze iinguqu ngendlela ethatha inxaxheba. Kodwa apha eKholombiya, indawo yemfazwe yamakhaya emanyumnyezi, baye bahlawula ixabiso elibi kakhulu ngayo kunezinye iindawo ezininzi. Abantu bomthonyama baseColombia baye babethwa kanobom yi-paramilitarism, bahlaselwa ngempindezelo ekhethekileyo ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo.
Intshukumo yeZapatista eChiapas, eMexico
Indlela yabemi bomthonyama eCauca ifana ngokuphawulekayo nentshukumo yemveli yaseChiapas, eMexico. NaseChiapas, abantu bomthonyama baseke oomasipala abazimeleyo. Ingcamango yokuba iinkokeli ngabakhonzi boluntu ifakwe kumgaqo othi Zapatistas 'mandar obedeciendo', okanye 'ukhokela ngokuthobela'.
Apha, kwakhona, ubukho bemfazwe kunye nenyaniso yokuba ama-Zapatistas aye alwa ngezixhobo (ezimbalwa kakhulu) ngokumelene nama-paramilitaries kunye noMkhosi waseMexico uye wamfamekisa abaninzi kwimo yezopolitiko yentshukumo. I-Zapatistas, njengabemi bomthonyama baseCauca, bakha inkxaso yabo yezopolitiko kwindawo yendawo, uluntu ngoluntu, iminyaka. Kwakuyiminyaka eli-12 phakathi kokuqalisa umbutho waseZapatista kunye nemvukelo yowe-1994.
Kwimihlaba elawulwa ziiZapatistas, kuye kwakho imifuniselo engenakubalwa kulawulo lwendalo lwemihlaba, imveliso yendalo, ukuthengisa ngorhwebo olungenamkhethe, kookopolotyeni babasetyhini kunye 'ne-economia solidaria'. I-Zapatistas iphinde yafikelela kubantu bomthonyama kulo lonke elaseMexico, edibanisa ne-National Indigenous Congress (CNI) eyamkela inkqubo kwi-2001 yokuseka oomasipala abazimeleyo kulo lonke ilizwe. Umbutho wahlanganisana ngoMatshi, i-2001 ukuba ibe nomthetho oyilwayo oqaphela amalungelo emveli kunye nenkcubeko- uMthetho weCocopa we-1996 owawuyinxalenye yezivumelwano zoxolo- ezipasiswe kwiCongress. I-Congress yalichitha elo bhili yaza yalidlulisela, kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo iya kuluchitha uguqulelo lwetyala.
Olunye uhlaziyo lwentshukumo yeZapatista yayikukusasazwa kwabo ngokucwangcisiweyo komanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe ukubakhusela kuhlaselo oluxhobileyo loMkhosi waseMexico kunye nabancedisi bawo. Oku bakwenza ngokwenza umanyano kwasekuqaleni kwemvukelo neminye imibutho esehlabathini lonke, namaqela asekuhlaleni alwela amalungelo abantu, nangokumema abakhi-mkhanyo bamazwe ngamazwe nokumisela iinkampu ukuze abakhi-mkhanya babone okwenzeka eChiapas. Ukuphumelela kwesi sicwangciso sobumbano sisifundo kwiintshukumo ezineentlobo zeminqweno yamalungelo asisiseko, ubulungisa, kunye nedemokhrasi abanayo iZapatistas. (www.zmag.org/chiapas1/index.htm yiwotshi ye-ZNet yeChiapas)
Idemokhrasi ngqo eArgentina
Xa i-IMF kunye neqela le-elites lasekhaya lidibana ukubonisa ukungakwazi kwabo ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusilela ukujongana neengxaki zabantu, into edla ngokuba yimiphumo yento ebizwa ngokuba 'ludushe lwe-IMF'. EArgentina le nto yabangela ukuwohloka kwemeko yokuphila, intlupheko, nendlala ekhawulezileyo nesasazeke kangangokuba 'uqhushululu' lwaphumela ekubeni abantu abasuka kwabangamahlwempu ukuya kwabaphakathi bangene ezitratweni, balahle inkunkuma, bajamelane nengcinezelo yamapolisa, kwaye ukubhukuqa oorhulumente abalandelelanayo. Ukujongana nayo yonke le nto, abaphezulu barhoxa, bengayazi enye into emabayenze. Ngoku benza isicwangciso sokubuyisela oko bakushiye ngasemva. Kodwa okwangoku, abantu baseArgentina abahlali ngasemva. Endaweni yoko baye baphuhlisa iindlela zokuthatha inxaxheba zolawulo ukujongana nobomi bemihla ngemihla ngoku iinkosi zabo zibalekile.
Omnye umakhi-mkhanya uchaza indaleko 'yeendibano zabantu' ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
'IiNdibano Zabantu ziba yindlela ebalulekileyo yolungelelwaniso. EBuenos Aires ngokufanelekileyo, umzekelo, ngelixa iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala zingenazo iindibano (ngokuqhelekileyo iingingqi ezinombutho oqinileyo wezopolitiko), kukho malunga nama-80 'iindibano zabantu', kwaye zingaphezulu kwiindawo ezingaphandle.
'Iindibano zisebenza ngolu hlobo. Abantu babecaphukile ngenxa ye-corilitos (izithintelo kwiibhanki), ngoko baqala ukuphuma ezitratweni kunye neembiza zokubethela. Ubukhulu becala oku akuzange kuququzelelwe naliphi na iqela, kodwa xa abantu beva iimbiza ziqhuma baye baphumela ezitalatweni bazibandakanya. Emva kwe-20 kaDisemba xa bebhukuqa i-De La Rua baqhubeleka noqhanqalazo. Abantu bakwazile ukufumana abamelwane nabo babecaphukile ngenxa yokukhala kwembiza. Ukusuka apho abantu baqala ukuthetha. Ngoko ke, kubonakala ngathi ezo ndibano zazizenzekela. Bekukho abaququzeleli abaninzi abaye basebenza kuzo kodwa ayiyoprojekthi yalo naliphi na iqela esele likho. Enyanisweni bekukho ukruthakruthwano kwiindibano apho bezama ukunyanzela ukuba kukhutshwe nawaphi na amaqela asekhohlo kunye neenkokeli ezinokuthi zibambe intshukumo yendibano'ยฆ
'Indibano nganye 'yi-autoconvacado' ithetha ukuzihlanganisa ngokwakho. Ngokuqhelekileyo banento efana namaqela asebenzayo adibana ngokwahlukileyo kwindibano yebarrio (ebumelwaneni). Amaqela asebenzayo (ekwakhona ligama lesiNgesi elingaguquleliyo ngokuthe ngqo), adibana kanye ngeveki aze anike ingxelo kwindibano. Indibano kulapho izindululo zokwamkelwa kwezinye iindibano zenziwa khona. Ngokusisiseko indlela esebenza ngayo yindibano yebarrio kunye nesiphakamiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba noqhanqalazo ngale nto okanye ngaloo mini, thatha uhlobo oluthile lwesenzo ngokubambisana kunye ne-piqueteros, okanye ukugxeka i-neoliberalism kwaye ufune ulwabiwo lwazo zonke iinkunzi zangaphandle kunye notyalo-mali kweli lizwe. I-barrio ke ivota kuyo. Abantu bangavota ngeendlela ezintathu. Ewe, Hayi, okanye yeka. Ukuba uhayi uphumelele isiphakamiso siyayekwa. Ukuba i-Abstains ibala inxalenye enkulu yeevoti emva koko ibuyela ukuze iphinde isetyenzwe kwaye inganikezelwa kwiveki ezayo. Ukuba uEwe uphumelele ngoko uyamkelwa. Iinkqubo ezifanayo zisebenza kwiindibano zebarrio zasekuhlaleni, ii-interbarrio, kunye nekazwelonke. Akukho nasinye sezindululo esibophelelayo. Iivoti zisekwe kuye wonke umntu okhoyo hayi kwinkqubo yevoti enye. Yinkqubo yesininzi esirhabaxa nangona xa sithetha inyani iyaguquguquka kwaye akukho mntu ubala iivoti ngokusondeleyo kakhulu. Kwi-interbarrio ndabona abantu bekhuphisana nevoti. Ngokusisiseko bakwenza oko ngokukhwaza nangokucaphuka. Emva koko bayaphinda bavote kwaye iindawo zokubala iivoti zibalwe ngokusondeleyo.'
(http://www.zmag.org/content/LatinAmerica/plath_argentina.cfm)
Idemokhrasi ethe ngqo eArgentina ifikelele kwiindawo zokusebenza ngokunjalo. UNaomi Klein no-Avi Lewis benza udliwano-ndlebe nabasebenzi kumzi-mveliso wamalaphu ngoDisemba, ka-2001. Emva kokucutha umvuzo kabuhlungu ukusuka kwi-100 yeepesos ngeveki ukuya kutsho kwiipeso ezi-2 ngeveki, abanini bajongana nabasebenzi ababengasenamali yokusebenza. Xa abasebenzi bafuna isibonelelo sokuhamba, abaninimzi bawushiya lo mzi-mveliso baza abafunyanwa ndawo. Njengabantu abakwiindibano, abasebenzi bawuhlutha umzi-mveliso kwaye bawugcina uqhubeka- behlawula amatyala omnini kunye nokuphuhlisa inkqubo yedemokhrasi ethe ngqo yokuthatha izigqibo kunye nemivuzo- kuba bevakalelwa kukuba ukulahlwa ngabaphezulu kubashiya bengenandlela yimbi. Xa uKlein wacebisa ukuba abasebenzi benze i-'Marxist Utopia', udliwano-ndlebe, uCecilia Martinez, wathi:
'Andazi ngeMarxism. Andazi ngayo yonke loo nto. Ndilapha ukuze ndikhusele umsebenzi wam, usapho lwam, iintsapho zabantu abali-120 abasebenza apha. Abaninizo basishiyile, ewe. Asizange sizikhuphele ngaphandle. Basishiya. Bafanele bathwale uxanduva kubasebenzi, yaye baye bayishiya imbopheleleko yabo. Basilahlile, ewe. Saba ziinkedama ngabanini bethu, indlela abantwana abalahlwa ngayo. Kwaye kukho abantwana abafuna abazali babo, kodwa asibafuni abanini bethu. 'Babengabazali' ababi. Ngoku bafuna ukubuya, kwaye urhulumente uyabanceda. Kutheni urhulumente esenza loo nto? Ayiyoyabasebenzi. Ukuba bayabuya, baya kuqhubeka nokusixhaphaza. Bafuna ukubuya bazokusixhaphaza. Oko kusengqiqweni, ndiyaqikelela, yiloo nto eyenziwa ngabanini. Kodwa asifuni kuphinda sixhatshazwe. Sifuna ukusebenza, kodwa singaxhatshazwa njengangaphambili.' (UKlein noLewis, udliwano-ndlebe ngevidiyo, ngo-2002)
Inguquko yeBolivarian eVenezuela
Indlela 'yeBolivarian Revolution' okanye 'Chavismo' yahluke ngandlel' ithile kuleyo yezinye iintshukumo. Yahlukile kubo ngeendlela ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, yabelana ngeenzame zokwandisa icandelo likawonke-wonke kunye nedemokhrasi, kunye neenzame zokwenza ukuba zeziphi iinguqu ezinokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, nangona uzama ukwakha kunye nokuhlanganisa amandla.
Phambi kombutho weBolivarian, iVenezuela yayinenkqubo yonyulo ecalu-mbini (ebizwa ngokuba 'yipartidocratic' ngabanye) apho kwabelwana ngamandla phakathi kwe'Accion Democratica' (AD) kunye ne'COPEI', iChristian Democratic Party. (Isilumkiso kubemi base-US: inxalenye eseleyo yalo mhlathi iya kuvakala iqhelekile.) Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iya isiba ncinane umahluko phakathi kwala maqela mabini. Ukungahoyi kwakhula kwaye kwanda. Amahlwempu aye avakalelwa kukuba inkqubo yonyulo ayinanto inokubanika yona njengoko abezobupolitika babeyishiya iminqweno yabo.
Ubuqhophololo baba yinto egqubayo. Ngo-1989, iVenezuela yafumana into ebizwa ngokuba 'yiCaracazo'. Ukunyuka ngesiquphe kumaxabiso ohambo, okwakuyinxalenye nje 'yokuvulwa' kweneoliberal yelizwe, kukhokelele kuqhushululu olukhulu eCaracas. Izidubedube zacinezelwa ngenkohlakalo, ngumkhosi, kwaye zaphela ngokubulawa kwabaninzi. Ukuphelisa olo qhushululu kwaba nempembelelo enzulu kumajoni amaninzi, awayeza kuba novelwano kwintlangano yaseBolivarian.
La majoni, aquka uChavez, azama ukubhukuqa urhulumente kwiinzame ezininzi zobhukuqo-mbuso ngeminyaka yoo-1990. Ezi zinto zasilela, yaye uChavez nabanye baphelela entolongweni. Oorhulumente, nangona kunjalo, baye bacaphuka ngakumbi ngenxa yorhwaphilizo lwabo kwelinye icala kunye nokusilela kwabo ukukhusela abantu kwisiphithiphithi esibangelwe kukuvulwa kweneoliberal kwelinye. Xa u-Chavez waphuma entolongweni, wadibanisa namanye amaqela amancinci kodwa abalulekileyo asekhohlo ukwenza umanyano lonyulo olwathi lwathi ekugqibeleni lwawususa wonke umatshini 'wobuchwephesha' ukubeka amaBolivari kulawulo ngo-1998.
Uhlaziyo alwenzileyo uChavez lubenobulali ngokufanelekileyo, njengoko abaninzi beye bagxininisa. Luhlaziyo oluqhelekileyo, olukhululekileyo, lwedemokhrasi yentlalo-ntle efana nohlaziyo lomhlaba oluhlawula abanini ngexabiso lemarike; iinzame zokubuyisela umva ukufudukela kwabantu ezilalini ukuya ezidolophini ngokwandisa iinkonzo zempilo nezemfundo zasemaphandleni; umgaqo-siseko omtsha owamkela amalungelo abantu bomthonyama. Olu hlengahlengiso, nangona kunjalo, lwaluthandwa ngokwaneleyo ukuzisa impumelelo yombutho kwiireferenda eziphindaphindiweyo kunye nonyulo; kwaye idume ngokwaneleyo ukuzisa uxinzelelo olwaneleyo lokubuyisela uChavez kusuku emva kokuba ebhukuqwe kubhukuqo-mbuso lwasemkhosini oluxhaswa yi-US. (http://www.zmag.org/venezuela_watch.htm ngumthombo olungileyo we-intanethi; bona kwakhona uRichard Gott 'Esithunzini soMkhululi' kunye noJulie Buxton 'Ukungaphumeleli koHlaziyo lwezoPolitiko eVenezuela').
UGregory Wilpert uchaza imeko yeqhinga lemibutho yaseLatin America ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
Ngokusekwe kwinto eyenzekayo eVenezuela ngoku nakwinto eyenzekileyo eNicaragua, eChile naseCuba, kuya kubonakala ngathi nayiphi na intshukumo yezopolitiko efuna ukusebenzisa urhulumente njengendlela yokusasaza ubutyebi belizwe iya kucelwa umngeni ubuncinane kwisithathu. imida: ipolitiki yezizwe ngezizwe (ingakumbi i-US), uqoqosho lwangaphakathi, kunye noqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe (umphambili wezopolitiko wasekhaya woyisiwe ngeendlela zonyulo, kwimeko yaseVenezuela naseChile, ngeendlela zovukelo kwimeko yaseCuba naseNicaragua) .
Ngelixa kunokwenzeka ukuba imikhosi eqhubela phambili iphumelele amandla amakhulu ezopolitiko esizwe (uphawu olulandelayo lwethemba yiBrazil), abaqhubela phambili abakayiqondi indlela yokujongana neminye imida emithathu. UChavez uye wajongana nabo ngokuphambili. Le ndlela, ngenxa yogwayimbo lwamashishini, iinzame zobhukuqo-mbuso ezalandelayo, kunye nokudodobala kwemeko yezoqoqosho, ayisasebenzi. Umkhosi wezopolitiko welizwe lonke, uChavez anawo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, awanelanga ukulwa nezopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe (i-US) kunye nenkcaso yezoqoqosho yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe.'
(http://www.zmag.org/content/LatinAmerica/wilpertaftcoup.cfm) U-Wilpert uyaqhubeka ecebisa ukuba isisombululo sinokuthi i-Bolivarian movement ithathe indlela yokuthatha inxaxheba egxininisa ngakumbi, indlela i-PT kunye nezinye iintshukumo. Abo basebenza kurhulumente kaChavez baye bavuma ukuba ukubaluleka kukaChavez ngokwakhe, kunye nobunkokeli obuvela kurhulumente, bubuthathaka obubodwa bombutho.
Inxaxheba yoQoqosho
Enye inzame endikholelwa ukuba iyahambelana nesi sicwangciso singentla yimodeli yothatho-nxaxheba noqoqosho. Ingxelo ye-COLACOT inikezela ngemithetho-siseko yobumbano lwezoqoqosho 'njengesikhokelo sengqiqo, imfundiso, kunye neengcamango eziya kusigcina singabuyeli kubungxowankulu obukhohlakeleyo nokuthintela ookopolotyeni bethu kunye namashishini omanyano olumanyeneyo ekubeni aphulukane nendalo yawo esisiseko kwaye abe zizixhobo ezilula zeniyoliberalism.' Imodeli yezoqoqosho ethatha inxaxheba inika iifom zeziko ezinokuthi zincede kule nzame.
Amaziko oqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba achazwe ngokucacileyo kubungqina bukaMichael Albert kwi-WSF ngokwayo: http://www.zmag.org/albertpa.htm kwaye ichazwe ngobude ngakumbi www.parecon.org
IDemokhrasi yeBhunga: Amabhunga abasebenzi eqela, amacandelo, iindawo zokusebenza, amashishini apheleleyo kunye noqoqosho. Amabhunga abathengi kwiiyunithi zokuhlala, iindawo zokuhlala, iingingqi, izixeko, amazwe kunye namazwe.
IiNgxaki zeMisebenzi elungeleleneyo: Oku kuzekeliswa kakuhle ngomzekelo. Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wekliniki yezempilo eqhutywa ngokwemigaqo yothatho-nxaxheba-qoqosho, enabasebenzi ababini. Phantsi kwecandelo leqela labasebenzi, unokuba nomntu omnye ongugqirha, onxibelelana nezigulana, kwaye enze iimali kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, ukugcinwa kweencwadi, kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Omnye umntu wayecoca, aphendule ifowuni, aze ahlele iileta. Oku kuluhlu ngenxa yokuba umntu omnye unengqiqo yonke, imisebenzi exhobisayo, kwaye umntu omnye unomsebenzi wonke, obangela ukuba asebenze.
Ngaphantsi kwezakhiwo ezilungelelanisiweyo zemisebenzi, umntu ngamnye wenza umlinganiselo olungelelanisiweyo werote kunye nengqiqo yomsebenzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba abasebenzi kuqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba banezakhono ezingaphezulu. Oogqirha kunye noogcino-mali bacoce iibhedi kwaye bahlele iposi, kwaye indlela yodwa yokuphumeza oku kukuba nabantu abaninzi abanezakhono, kwaye akukho mntu ulawula izakhono.
Xa, kwiForam yeNtlalo yeHlabathi, sicebise iindawo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo kwelinye lamalungu eQela loMsebenzi owaba negalelo ekusekweni kwenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluthatha inxaxheba, wabonakala engamangalisi. Wathi 'ewe, ibhalansi yomsebenzi wezandla kunye nobukrelekrele. Yiloo nto uChe Guevara athethe ngayo.'
Umvuzo kwiinzame: 'Abasebenzi banelungelo lokwabelwa imveliso ngokuhambelana neenzame abazichithayo kwimisebenzi eluncedo enceda ekufezekiseni iimfuno zoluntu kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono zoluntu. Iinzame zilinganiswa ngabasebenzi abasebenzisana nabo abasebenzisa iinkqubo ezamkelekileyo jikelele eluntwini kwaye nezamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni kwindawo nganye yokusebenza.' Oku kudityaniswa nezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo ukudala imeko apho ekuphela kwendlela yokufumana umvuzo othe chatha kukusebenza kakhulu, okanye ukusebenza kwimisebenzi engayonwabisiyo nexhobisayo, kunomndilili, umsebenzi olungeleleneyo kuqoqosho.
UCwangciso loThatho-nxaxheba: Isicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba yenye indlela yokuthengisa kunye nesicwangciso esiphakathi okanye sikarhulumente. I-Neoliberalism ithi urhulumente unciphise imisebenzi yamapolisa yedwa, kwaye uvumele iimarike zilawule yonke inkalo yoluntu. Okucacileyo kule ngxoxo yeyokuba eyona ndlela yokuphela kokutshatyalaliswa okunganyangekiyo kweemarike kukwandiswa kwendima karhulumente, yona ngokwayo ingekuko ukwenza ubundlobongela nokutshabalalisa. Abahlaziyi abanengqondo baxoxa ukuba urhulumente wedemokhrasi yenzeke ngaxeshanye nokwanda kwawo. Lo ngumbono okhuthaza i-Worker's Party kunye nenkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ethatha inxaxheba: ukwandisa ungenelelo lukarhulumente kuqoqosho, kodwa ngenyathelo ngalinye lokwandisa, ukwandisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi ekusekeni izinto eziphambili kunye nokwenza izigqibo. Ikwangumbono weBolivarian Revolution eVenezuela, eye yanereferenda yokuqinisekisa utshintsho lomgaqo-siseko kunye nenkqubo yayo yohlaziyo.
Isicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba sithatha le ngcamango ifikelele kwisigqibo esinengqiqo. Ngamazwi kaMichael Albert:
'Yiba nombono wendawo nganye yokusebenzela kunye nebhunga, ngokunjalo noluntu ngalunye. Bona amabhunga kunye neeyunithi ezinkulu - kubamelwane, iidolophu, amazwe, amashishini - kunye namancinci kakhulu, kwiindawo zokusebenza, amaqela okusebenza, ulwahlulo, njalo njalo. Yiba nombono wabadlali ngabanye kunye nangokudibeneyo kumabhunga abo abacebisa into abanqwenela ukuyivelisa kwaye bayisebenzise, โโkwaye emva koko ucinge ukuba kukho inkqubo yonxibelelwano ezisa ulwazi olunjalo kwingqalelo yehlabathi, kwaye ikwenza oko ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo.
'Ngoku khawufane ucinge ukuba umdlali ngamnye usebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kubo bonke abanye, luthanjiswe lube luncedo ngamaziko afanelekileyo (anezakhiwo zemisebenzi elungeleleneyo, kakade) ukulungelelanisa izindululo zabo. Khawufane ucinge ukuba abantu kunye neeyunithi banokufumana kule nkqubo yolwabiwo izikhombisi eziyinyani zeendleko zokwenyani nezipheleleyo zentlalo kunye neenzuzo - amaxabiso afanelekileyo - kunye nolwazi olusemgangathweni njengoko lufuneka. Inkqubo yocwangciso luthethathethwano phakathi kwabadlali abagxeka iimfuno kunye nokunyusa izibonelelo kumdlalo omnye nomnye, kwisicwangciso, kodwa oko kwenziwa ngenkqubo yentsebenziswano apho umdlali ngamnye - umntu ngamnye kunye neqela - evakalisa izinto abazithandayo, avavanye ukhetho. yabanye, kwaye basulungekise ukhetho lwabo ngokuhambelana nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neminqweno, kude kubekho ukuhlangana.'
Abasebenzi kunye nabathengi, ngaphandle kokungenelela kukarhulumente, basebenzisa inkqubo yocwangciso lothatho-nxaxheba ukwenza isicwangciso soqoqosho luphela olusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye lunedemokhrasi kunalo naluphi na urhwebo okanye isicwangciso esisembindini se-bureaucratic.
ukuhambelana
Ndiyakholelwa ukuba ukuhambelana kwemodeli yothatho-nxaxheba noqoqosho kunye neendlela zemibutho yasekuhlaleni yaseLatin America echazwe ngasentla icacile, nakwimizobo emfutshane enikiweyo. Ndikwakholelwa ukuba uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba lunokubonelela ngezisombululo zokunceda le mibutho 'igcine'ยฆ ekubuyeleni kubungxowankulu obukhohlakeleyo nokuthintela ookopolotyeni bethu kunye namashishini amanyeneyo amanyeneyo ekubeni aphulukane nendalo yawo esisiseko aze abe zizixhobo ezilula zeniyoliberalism.'
Umzekelo omnye olula kukwamkelwa kwezakhiwo zemisebenzi ezilungeleleneyo, umvuzo womzamo, kunye nedemokhrasi yebhunga ngaphakathi kumashishini omanyano lwezoqoqosho. Kukho amashishini kuMntla Merika, kubandakanya iSouth End Press, iArbeiter Ring Publishing, kunye nevenkile yeencwadi yaseMondragon cafรฉ ekwenzileyo oku. Ubuncinci ookopolotyeni bomanyano lwezoqoqosho eLatin America basebenza kwimithetho-siseko elolo hlobo, ngakumbi idemokhrasi yebhunga, kubandakanywa umzi-mveliso wamalaphu waseBruckman okhankanywe. Ukwamkelwa kwezakhiwo zemisebenzi elungeleleneyo kubandakanya ukudluliselwa kwezakhono, oko iintshukumo zaseLatin America zikubiza ngokuba 'yi-capacitacion', kunye 'nokuyeka ukuhamba' kwabo bathi, kumaqumrhu akhoyo ngoku, balawule izakhono ezingaphezulu kunye nemisebenzi exhobisayo. Kuya kuba yimfuneko, kodwa ukuba kuphumelele, kuya kubonelela ngetshekhi yeziko ngokuchasene nokubuya kwemigangatho yeshishini kunye 'nongxowankulu obubi'.
Umzekelo onzima ngakumbi kukwamkelwa kwesicwangciso sokuthatha inxaxheba phakathi kookopolotyeni. Olu iya kuba luphuhliso oluchulumancisayo kakhulu, nokuba kukwinqanaba lokuqala, lovavanyo. Xa kungekho nkqubo injalo, kwaye kungekho ndlela ingaphantsi kwenkqubo enjalo (isicwangciso esisembindini), la maqumrhu amangalisayo, alawula ngokwawo entsebenziswano noqoqosho abekwe kwindawo emanyumnyezi yokuba kufuneka akhuphisane omnye nomnye. imarike. Ingqiqo esisiseko yeemarike iya kudala uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo lokungahoyi imiphumo yentlalo yomsebenzi wezoqoqosho, ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokuxhaphaza abasebenzi, kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezichasene nentlalontle abagxeki beemarike bazi kakuhle. Umbutho wezoqoqosho olumanyeneyo uye wasokola ngokuchasene nale ngqiqo, ngempumelelo. Ucwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba lunika ithuba lokusebenza ngokwengqiqo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo.
Yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womanyano lomanyano lwezoqoqosho lwakha uvimba weenkcukacha zamandla abo okuvelisa, iimeko zabo zokusebenza, kunye neemfuno zabo. Yiba nomfanekiso ngamnye kwaba badlali bebalingisi bekwazi ukubona ukuba abanye banokuvelisa ntoni, kwaye ukusuka apho benze izindululo zemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa ezinokudityaniswa zibe yidrafti yokuqala yesicwangciso 'soqoqosho olubambeneyo'. Esi sicwangciso sinokuvavanywa kwakhona, de kufike isicwangciso sokugqibela esamkelwe ngabo bonke abadlali. Kwananjengomsebenzi wokufundisa, oku kuya kufaneleka kakhulu. Njengesiqalo senkqubo yokuthatha inxaxheba kucwangciso loqoqosho lobumbano, iya kuba yinto engaqhelekanga. Abo bethu bangabaxhasi bezoqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba baya kukuvuyela ukujoyina nayiphi na inzame enjalo, ukuncedisa ukuphuhlisa isofthiwe, izixhobo zemfundo kunye neencwadana zenkqubo yocwangciso lokuthatha inxaxheba, iisemina, njalo njalo. Andicingi ukuba abaxhasi 'be-parecon' bangakhetha ukuchitha ixesha labo, enyanisweni, kuba ngembuyekezo sinokuzuza kubutyebi bamava intshukumo yomanyano lwezoqoqosho iphuhliswe kwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Ezinye izicelo zeentshukumo kuMntla Melika
Izicatshulwa ezibini ezivela kumatsha ntliziyo aseMntla Melika. Eyokuqala, kumntu obhala malunga nesilayi sobomi kubasebenzi abafumana umvuzo ophantsi athe wafumana:
'Unetyala, usenokuba ucinga ngononophelo. Ngaba asiyiyo le nto simele ukuba siyive? Kodwa ityala alisondeli kude ngokwaneleyo; uvakalelo olufanelekileyo lihlazo-intloni ngokuxhomekeka kwethu, kule meko, kumsebenzi ohlawulwa kancinci wabanye. Xa umntu esebenzela umvuzo ongaphantsi kunalowo unokuphila ngawo- xa, ngokomzekelo, elambile ukuze ukwazi ukutya okuncinci kwaye kube lula- emva koko wenze idini elikhulu kuwe, ukwenzele isipho senxalenye ethile. ubuchule bakhe, impilo yakhe kunye nobomi bakhe. 'Amahlwempu asebenzayo', njengoko bebizwa ngokuvunywayo, enyanisweni ngabona baphambili kuluntu lwethu. Ababakhathalelanga ababo abantwana, ukuze bagcine abantwana babantu; bahlala kwizindlu ezingekho mgangathweni ukuze amanye amakhaya abengezela yaye agqibelele; banyamezele ukuswela ukuze ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kube phantsi namaxabiso esitokhwe aphezulu. Ukuba lilungu lamahlwempu asebenzayo kukuba ngumnikeli ongaziwa, umncedi ongenagama, kubo bonke abanye.' - UBarbara Ehrenreich, 'uNickel kunye noDimed'.
Kwaye okwesibini, kwitshantliziyo elizinikeleyo eliphuma kumbutho ochasene nobungxowankulu behlabathi:
'Kunzima ukuxhathisa ukuzibuza ukuba ngaba konke ukubandezeleka endikubonayo njengeyeza kuluncedo ngokwenene. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ihlala iguqula amaxhoba, athanda ukwandisa ukuzibophelela kwawo kunokuba abe neentloni (ngokuqinisekileyo kunempembelelo echaseneyo kwabanye, nabo). Kodwa ekugqibeleni, ngaba ikho into eyenzayo? Kukho uzuko oluthile lokungquzulana ngokuthe ngqo nabo bakhusela abantu abaphezulu kunye nezinto ezinomdla kuzo, kodwa kulinganiselwe. Umlo wasezitalatweni ubandakanya ilahleko enkulu, kwaye uphazamisa amatsha ntliziyo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi kwimiba yokwenyani yobutyebi kunye nenyhweba ekufuneka siyilungise. (Kwaye sinengxaki yokuqonda ukuba kutheni abo bamatshayo phantsi kwebhena ye-anti-capitalist globalization ayimelanga ngokwahlukileyo uluntu, njengoko siwasebenzisa kakubi amandla ethu kubagcini be-elites endaweni ye-elites ngokwabo, kwaye sihlawula ixabiso abaninzi abangenako ukufikelela kulo. )
Ayizukanga kangako umsebenzi wokuchaza iimbono ezintsonkothileyo kwizihloko ezifana noqoqosho lwezopolitiko kunye norhwebo lwehlabathi - hayi kwiijenali okanye kumaphepha ezikhundla, kodwa kwiindawo zentlalo apho sinokuphembelela kwaye sifunde kwiimbono zabantu abangaphandle kwendawo yethu yesiqhelo. Okumangalisa kakhulu kunedabi lasesitalatweni kungquzulwano olungabonakaliyo lokusebenza imihla ngemihla ukwakha amaziko enza utshintsho lokwenyani kwezoqoqosho kuluntu lwethu naphakathi koluntu.
Ukuba sinokuba nenkalipho kangangokuba uninzi lwethu lungena ezitalatweni ngalo lonke ixesha kubanjwa ingqungquthela yeenkokeli zehlabathi/abathunywa bequmrhu, kwaye siyidlulisele kumsebenzi onegalelo ekutshintsheni umhlaba ngeendlela ezibambekayo, ngoko siya kuba kwinto ethile. . Kodwa ukuba umbutho wethu woqhanqalazo uhlala unjalo - intshukumo esekwe kuqhanqalazo olulandelelanayo kodwa utshintsho oluncinci kubomi bezoqoqosho babantu - siya kuphumeza okuncinci kunokunyusa ingqiqo. Ukuba singakwazi ukulwa ne-capitalism kunye ne-globalization ye-capitalist ngaxeshanye, kutheni sigxininise ikakhulu kwezi zamva kwaye sizahlule kubantu abadinga kakhulu utshintsho?' - UBrian Dominick, iPolitiki eNtsha vol. 8, hayi. 4http://www.wpunj.edu/newpol/issue32/domini32.htm)
Kukho imibutho eyomeleleyo elwa nentlupheko egxile ekulweleni amahlwempu apha kuMntla Merika. Amaqela afana ne-Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (www.ocap.ca), abathethelela abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, abangenamakhaya, kunye nabafumana intlalo-ntle 'ngomsebenzi othe ngqo', basebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nesenzo esithe ngqo ukulungisa utshintsho oluncinci kwiziphathamandla egameni labantu abahluphekayo yonke imihla. Bakwenza oko nangona bengcatshwa yimibutho yabasebenzi (http://www.zmag.org/content/Repression/ocap_march22-2002.cfm). Zininzi iinzame eziqhubekayo zokuququzelela abasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuququzelela ugwayimbo oluchasene nemibutho exhaphaza aba basebenzi. Kwiinzame ezifana nezi, iinzame zokuphumelela uhlaziyo kunye nokuxhobisa abo bebengahoywanga kwaye bengahoywanga ngumntu wonke, kubandakanywa nabasekhohlo, abantu baseMntla Melika banokujoyina iqhinga leentshukumo ezichasene nobukoloniyali.
Enye inzame ikumanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe. Ukukhatshwa kwezizwe ngezizwe okuququzelelwe eChiapas ngamaqela afana ne-Enlace Civil kunye neFray Bartolome de Las Casas Human Rights Centre, amaqela afana ne-Peace Brigades International, amaQela oXolo lwamaKristu, kunye namaqela afana ne-International Solidarity Movement ePalestine baye banceda ukukhusela abantu kunye. intshukumo yentlalo yasemazantsi ekuhlaselweni. Imibutho yaseColombia efana neNkqubo yaBantu abaMnyama ifuna ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezifanayo zoluntu lwabo kuNxweme lwePasifiki. Ubumbano olucwangcisiweyo lolo hlobo kunye nowona msebenzi ubaluleke ngakumbi wemfundo kunye nombutho kunye nokubonelela ngolwazi kumanani amaninzi abantu malunga nokwenzekayo kula mazwe kunye noluntu yinto ebalulekileyo yesicwangciso, kwaye yinxalenye apho abantu baseMntla Melika. inokuba nefuthe eliqinisekileyo. Ukwenza into enye kanye apha, kuluntu olucinezelekileyo kwaye abafuna abantu ababukeleyo (kubandakanywa, umzekelo, isizwe semveli saseSecwepemc eBritish Columbia, eCanada- bona http://tao.ca/~ccsc/secwpe_supp.htm kwaye http://tao.ca/~ccsc/march31-2002artmanuel.htm ngolwazi oluninzi) kufuneka babe nazo.
isiphelo
Kumazwe aseMerika, kuphuhliswa iqhinga lokuchasa impiriyali, likhokelwa yimibutho yasekuhlaleni eLatin America. Iimpawu zayo zezi:
ยท Ugxininiso kulawulo lwentando yesininzi. Ukuba urhulumente, okanye umgaqo-nkqubo, kulo naliphi na inqanaba, landisiwe ukuba liphule imarike, lilawulwa ngedemokhrasi ngaxeshanye kwaye livulelwe intatho-nxaxheba kunye nokuqinisekiswa ngabemi. Idemokhrasi yomelo ayisosiphelo. Inokuthi inqatshelwe ngokupheleleyo (njengeendibano ezidumileyo eArgentina) okanye inyanzeliswe ngokuqinisekiswa rhoqo, njengeZapatistas okanye i-CRIC eCauca, okanye i-PT eBrazil.
ยท Ukuphumelela loluphi uhlaziyo olunokwenzeka ngokomxholo. Ukubuyisela kwakhona indawo enokuthi iphinde ifumaneke kwaye yenze uhlaziyo olunokuthi lwenziwe, ngaphandle kokulinda urhulumente okanye ukoyiswa kwamandla karhulumente.
ยท Ukusebenzisa ubambiswano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokusasazwa okucwangcisiweyo kolwazi ukukhusela abantu kunye neentshukumo kuhlaselo oluxhobileyo, ngokuhlasela ipropaganda ehlala ihamba nezixhobo.
Uqoqosho oluthatha inxaxheba, imodeli engenye epheleleyo kunongxowankulu, iyahambelana nesi sicwangciso. Abaphembeleli baseMntla Melika banokujoyina kwesi sicwangciso ngeendlela ezininzi: ngokwakha iintshukumo ezithatha inxaxheba kunye nedemokhrasi, ukuguqula iinguqu ezivela kwabasemagunyeni eziphucula eyona nto imbi kakhulu, kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi ukwakha ubumbano, ukulwa nepropaganda, nokukhusela abantu. Isicwangciso sifanelwe ithuba.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela