Uqhanqalazo lwakutsha nje, oluphenjelelwe kukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd eMinneapolis, lufuna ukuba kupheliswe ubundlobongela bamapolisa ngobuhlanga. Ngezenzo zabo, abaqhankqalazi baye badlulela ngaphaya kweengxoxo ezininzi zamapolisa zamva nje. Ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa-abantu ababengenakuze bave la mazwi kwiingxoxo malunga namapolisa ngoku bawaqwalasela ngokunzulu.
Impumelelo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yamapolisa ibingeke yenzeke ngaphandle kwabaqhankqalazi, abathe gqolo ukuzinza nangona kunjalo ukubethwa nokuxhatshazwa ngamapolisa kuyo yonke indawo eUnited States. Kodwa oku akukona malunga nokwenza impumelelo kwingxoxo. Oku kumalunga nobomi nokufa. Ukunqanda amapolisa ekubulaleni abantu, 1,000 ngonyaka, unyaka nonyaka, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe utshintsho kwinkqubo. Abaqhankqalazi baya kuthethelelwa kuphela ukuba utshintsho olwenziweyo lulungile.
Iinkqubo zohlaziyo ziya kuba yimpumelelo kuphela xa ziqala kwingcinga yokuba iziko lobupolisa liphulukene nokuba semthethweni kwalo kwezentlalo, nto leyo elingazange liyifanele. Uhlaziyo oluthatha ukuba semthethweni kwamapolisa-nokuba lubandakanya iikhamera zomzimba ezingaphezulu, ukongamela okungcono, amandla ahlukeneyo, okanye ukutshutshiswa okungaphezulu kwababulali phakathi kwamapolisa-awenzi lo msebenzi.
Nje ukuba amapolisa ajongwe njengeziko elingekho mthethweni, sisendleleni. Njengoko UMariame Kaba uyaxoxa kwiNew York Times, sinokwenza okubi ngakumbi kunokunciphisa i-50 pesenti kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamapolisa kwaye sivumele ingqiqo ye-austerity ifezekise umsebenzi, njengoko yenze njalo kwicandelo likarhulumente. Kodwa ama-50 ekhulwini anokuxoxisana ade aye kutsho kwi-10 leepesenti, yaye i-10 leepesenti ukuya kwisi-2 ekhulwini, ukuba nje amapolisa nabameli bawo banokuqhubeka benxulumanisa ukhuseleko loluntu namapolisa. Uhlaselo lokubhangisa amapolisa โnjengento engekhoyo ngokwezopolitikoโ ngenxa yokhuseleko loluntu sele luqalile kwinqanaba lendawo apho umcimbi uxoxwa khona.
Injongo kufuneka ibe kukuphelisa udidi lwabantu abanelungelo elisemthethweni lokuphelisa ubomi (kunye ukuxoka kuwe lo gama kufuneka uthethe inyani).
Ngaba ngoku amapolisa anelungelo lokubulala? Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukusebenzisa uqikelelo olulondolozayo kunye nedatha yoluntu, umbhali U-Lee Camp ubaliwe ukuba amapolisa abulala umndilili wabantu abangama-900 ngonyaka-ngamanye amazwi, ubuncinci abantu abayi-12,600 ukusuka ku-2005 ukuya ku-2019. Ngeli xesha, ubhala iCamp, amapolisa amathathu ewonke agwetyelwa ukubulala kwaye ezo zigwebo ziye zaphakama ukuze zibhene. Oko kungaphantsi kwesinye kwishumi esinye ekhulwini, kodwa ijikeleza ngokucocekileyo ukuya kwiqanda.
Iphepha-mvume lokubulala, ngaphezu kwako konke, kufuneka lithathwe emapoliseni. Iyasinda ngenxa ye-mystiqueโencedwa yimiboniso yamapolisa, iincwadi, neemuviโesekelwe kwiingcamango ezintathu: ingcamango yokuba bakhaliphile ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wabo uyingozi, ingcamango yokuba bagcina uluntu lukhuselekile, nesibakala sokuba unokubatsalela umnxeba ngexesha likaxakeka.
Isibindi? Ewe, ubupolisa bunjalo umsebenzi we-16 oyingozi kakhulu eMelika, emva kwabasebenzi abagawula imithi, abasebenzi abangabalobi, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, abafuleli, abaqokeleli benkunkuma, abaqhubi beelori, amafama, abasebenzi bentsimbi, abasebenzi bokwakha, abalungisi bomhlaba, abasebenzi beentambo zombane, abasebenzi bokulungisa amabala, abasebenzi bezolimo, abancedisi bokwakha, nabaphathi bodidi lokuqala oomatshini, abafakeli, nabalungisi. Kodwa akukho msebenzi kuwo nawuphi na weyona misebenzi ili-15 iyingozi kakhulu onokukhetha ukubulala xa beziva bengakhuselekanga-amapolisa enza njalo.
Ukhuseleko? Amapolisa awanawo umsebenzi owodwa wokugcina uluntu lukhuselekile. Kwincwadi ka-Alex Vitale Ukuphela kobuPolisa, yena Cits Incwadi yangaphambili kaDavid Bayley yezolwaphulo-mthetho Amapolisa ekamva, apho uBayley iifowuni le yenye โyeyona mfihlelo igciniweyo yobomi banamhlanje. Iingcali ziyayazi, amapolisa ayayazi, kodwa uluntu aluyazi. โ Sele sisazi iminyaka engama-50 ukuba amapolisa akaluncedi ukhuseleko loluntu. Isazi ngembali yabantu saseFransi uDidier Fassin, kwincwadi yakhe yowama-2013 Ukunyanzeliswa koMyalelo, Cits umfuniselo wesiXeko saseKansas ngeminyaka yee-1970s:
โOlu hlolisiso lungazange lwenziwe ngaphambili, olwalungaqhelekanga ngelo xesha, luthelekisa imimandla emithathu yesixeko: kweyokuqala, โintshukumo ekhawulezayo,โ abasebenzi banciphisa umsebenzi wabo ekusabeleni iminxeba yabahlali; kowesibini, โbakhuthele,โ ubuncinane baliphinda kabini ixesha abalichitha bejikeleza; okwesithathu, esebenza njengendawo โyolawuloโ, baqhubeka nomxube wabo wangaphambili womsebenzi. Iziphumo zonyaka opheleleyo wokusebenza kunye nokulinganisa zabonakala zifana: alukho uhlaselo ebantwini, nokuba luhlaselo kunye nebhetri, uhlaselo ngokwesondo okanye ukuphangwa, okanye uhlaselo kwipropathi, nokuba kuqhekezwa okanye ukonakaliswa kwezithuthi, akwahluka kakhulu ngenxa yeendlela ezahlukeneyo eziphunyeziweyo. ; ngokufanayo, amava olwaphulo-mthetho kunye nokuziva ungakhuselekanga njengoko kuxelwe ngabahlali kunye nabanini bamashishini abonisa mahluko phakathi kwemimandla, okanye izinga lokwaneliseka ngamapolisa; kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba kuwo omathathu amatyala, ama-60 eepesenti exesha lamagosa achithwa kwimisebenzi enganxulumenanga ngokuthe ngqo nonyanzeliso lomthetho, kubandakanywa nekota enganxulumananga kwaphela nomsebenzi wamapolisaโฆ lwalungenampembelelo kulwaphulo-mthetho, ngokwamatyala abhalwe ngabakwasemthethweni okanye ngokwembono yabahlali malunga nokuba sengozini.โ
Iziphumo azizange zingahoywa: amapolisa aqhubeka ejikeleza kwisithuba seminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ezayo. UFassin, owahlala namapolisa aseParis njengenxalenye yesifundo sakhe, Zenziwe ukubala kwakhe ngendlela abalichitha ngayo ixesha labo:
โNgokwamava am, ixesha elichithwe ekuphenduleni iminxeba lalidla ngokufikelela kwipesenti ezilishumi ekhulwini lexesha lokutshintsha; kwakunqabile ukuba lenyuke laya kutsho kuma-10 ekhulwini (iminxeba emihlanu kwiqela ngalinye ebusuku yayiyeyona nto ingafane ifikelelwe), ngelixa lonke elo xesha lalinikelwa kumapolisa ajikelezayo, nasekurekhodweni kwamanyathelo athathiweyo.โ
Ngaba ucinga ukuba iParis iyamangalisa? Cinga kwakhona:
โUhlolisiso oluninzi olwenziwe eUnited States lubonisa ukuba amagosa akwipatroli achitha phakathi kwama-30 nama-40 ekhulwini exesha lawo esabela kwiminxeba (ngokomyinge weminxeba emihlanu kwiqela ngalinye ngeyure ezixekweni), kuphela isi-7 ukuya kwi-10 ekhulwini esinxulumeneyo. ngandlelโ ithile besenza izenzo zokwaphula umthetho okanye zolwaphulo-mthetho, yaye baphakathi kwama-40 nama-50 ekhulwini osuku lwabo lokusebenza begada ngamabona-ndenzile yaye bebhala amaphepha, yaye ixesha eliseleyo belichithela kwimisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo.โ
Nantsi indlela uFassin awuchaza ngayo umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla wamapolisa awawuqaphelayo:
โUkuhambahamba ngezitrato ezithuleyo kunye neendawo ezinoxolo, amapolisa alinda iminxeba ngamaxesha athile ephantse yahlala ingenamsebenzi, nokuba inxulumene neempazamo okanye ubuqhetseba, okanye ngenxa yokuba amaqela efika emva kwexesha kakhulu okanye abambe ityala ngenxa yokungakhathali, okanye kuba akukho sizathu sakubuzwa okanye kubanjwe ngokusemthethweni.โ
Fassin Cits isazi ngezolwaphulo-mthetho saseOntario, uRichard Ericson, owathi ngowe-1982 wafumanisa ukuba amapolisa achitha imizuzu engama-76 kwishifti yeeyure ezisibhozo esabela kwiminxeba, eqiqa ngelokuba โubukho bamapolisa bube sisiphelo ngokwabo.โ
Ngoko ke, amapolisa anomsebenzi we-16 oyingozi kakhulu, yaye awabalulekanga kukhuseleko loluntuโkodwa uluntu lufuna umntu oza kumtsalela umnxeba ngexesha likaxakeka. Le ndima inokuzaliswa ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abangabasebenzi abaya kufuneka bafunde ukucombulula iingxaki zentlalo yemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kwelayisensi yokubulala, enokuba lukhokelo. IMinneapolis iyahamba banikwe isifungo sooceba besixeko sokuchitha amapolisa kwisixeko sabo. Kunyaka ophelileyo iGlobe and Mail yaseKhanada yanikela ingxelo malunga nomkhosi wamapolisa eYukon oko bengaphathanga zixhobo yaye bengamangali. Ezinye izixeko zinabasebenzi abakhusela abantwana abasebenza ukukhusela abantwana abaneqondo elikhulu okanye elingaphantsi lokungena. Abasebenzi bezentlalo banokuqeqeshwa ukuba bangenelele kwiingxabano zasekhaya kunye nakwiingxaki zempilo yengqondo esebenzayo kwintsimi. Banokusasazwa kumaqela aqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomnye, njengakweminye imisebenzi. Kukho izindululo ezineenkcukacha zokuthatha uxanduva lokhuseleko ezandleni zoluntuโU-Olรบfแบนฬmi O. Tรกรญwรฒ uchaza enye kwiMagazini ephikisayo; UZach Norris uwulungisa kwakhona lo mbandela kwincwadi yakhe entsha Sigcina Sikhuselekile; kunye no-Ejeris Dixon kunye noLeah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha bachaza iindlela zoluntu zokhuseleko kumthamo wabo ohleliweyo. Ngaphaya Kokusinda: Amaqhinga kunye naMabali asuka kwiNtshukumo yoBulungisa eTshintshayo.
Kufuneka kubekho uhlaziyo lwenkcubeko. Iibhutsi uRiley cebisa ukususa amapolisa kunye nabacebisi bezempi, abenza njengabahloli baseburhulumenteni, kwi-movie kunye nemveliso ye-TV. I #Nam intshukumo yakhokelela kwi indalo yendima yomnxibelelanisi wobudlelwane obusondeleyo kwimveliso yefilim, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiboniso yezesondo inokufotwa ngaphandle kokuxhaphaza ngokwesini. Izitudiyo inokusabela kule ntshukumo ngokunciphisa kakhulu imveliso yabo yomboniso wamapolisa ngelixa besusa i-censors yemiboniso eseleyo. Oku kuya kuhamba ngandlela ithile ukunciphisa imfihlakalo yamapolisa kunye nonqulo lwamapolisa.
Abameli bamapolisa banokuxoxa ukuba kunokubakho ilahleko ethile yemali ekubhangiseni. Amanye amapolisa "badle into abayixhelayoโ ngokuhluthwa kwempahla yoluntu, esihle, yaye Amathikiti, ukugcina irhafu iphantsi ngoxa usenza ubomi babantu abangamahlwempu bube lusizi. Ngokubanzi, nangona kunjalo, imali iya kugcinwa.
Ekuqaleni, imali eninzi eyongiwe ngamapolisa arhoxisa imali yayiza kufuneka ihambe ekunciphiseni inguqu yabantu ngoku abakwiindima zamapolisa baye kweminye imisebenzi. Ipenshoni yindlela yokususa amapolisa emgceni ngaso nasiphi na isizathu, nokuba yeyiphi imibutho yamapolisa sebenzisa ngesisa ngokwenene. Kodwa ukurhola ipolisa ngalinye ngokungenasiphelo, ngelixa kuya kusindisa ubomi, akunakwenza naziphi na izixhobo ezifumanekayo kukhuseleko loluntu. Endaweni yoko, oorhulumente banokubonelela ngeepakethi zomhlalaphantsi kunye noqeqesho kwakhona (amapolisa akhaliphileyo anokukhangela ukuqeqeshwa kwakhona komnye wemisebenzi eli-15 eyingozi ngakumbi) kubo, njengoko besenza nakwabanye abasebenzi abadekiweyo.
Ebudeni bexesha lezivumelwano zemibutho yabasebenzi, amapolisa ayenokuhlawulwa ukuze alungiselele eminye imisebenzi okanye nje ukuhlala ekhayaโixabiso eliphakamileyo ngexeshana elifutshane, kodwa oko kwakuya kusindisa amawakawaka abantu. Emva kwelo xesha lokuqala, amakhulu eebhiliyoni zeerandi ezichithwe kumsebenzi wobupolisa zinokuphinda zithunyelwe ukuze kudalwe kwaye kwandiswe iinkonzo zoluntu. Amathuba anokuthintelwa kuphela linani leebhiliyoni ezinokususwa kumapolisa. Abasebenzi bezentlalontle, ngokuqinisekileyo, bangumgqatswa oqinileyo wokuqondisa imali kwakhona, kunye nokuhamba kwamahhala kunye nezinye iinkonzo ezisisiseko zamahhala (ingakumbi ukhathalelo lwempilo e-United States).
Idatha yolwaphulo-mthetho isixelele amashumi eminyaka ukuba amapolisa awabalulekanga kukhuseleko loluntu. Enye idatha isixelela okuninzi malunga nokuba yintoni enefuthe kukhuseleko. Abaphandi baseBritane uRichard Wilkinson kunye noKate Pickett kwincwadi yabo yakudala ka-2009 Inqanaba Lomoya bonisa ukuba inani elikhulu leengxaki zentlalo, kuquka ubundlobongela, zihambelana kakhulu nokungalingani. Umsebenzi wabo ubonisa kwakhona iinketho ezahlukeneyo zokuphumeza ukulingana: umvuzo ophezulu ngabaqeshi babucala (njengaseJapan) okanye iirhafu eziphezulu kunye nokwabiwa kwakhona (njengaseMntla Yurophu). EUnited States, yonke inketho yokulingana okwandisiweyo iye yavalwa ngabatyebi abaye-njengoko uMartin Gilens noBenjamin Page benza kucace kwisifundo sabo esibalulekileyo se-2014-ezopolitiko. Yinyani Uhlobo olutsha olutsha ungenza ngaphezulu kukhuseleko loluntu kunalo naluphi na uhlaziyo olucingelwayo lwamapolisa olukufutshane nokupheliswa.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela
2 izimvo
Andiqinisekanga ukuba ndiyayilandela ingxoxo yakho, Justin. Ndikwacinga ukuba lo ngumba obaluleke kakhulu wokuba iKhohlo liphazame kakhulu kwaye ngokwenza njalo lizikhwebula kuluntu oluninzi.
Ubhala:
Nje ukuba amapolisa ajongwe njengeziko elingekho mthethweni, sisendleleni.โ
Ke ngoku:
"Iyasinda ngenxa ye-mystique ... esekelwe kwiingcamango ezintathu: ingcamango yokuba banesibindi kuba umsebenzi wabo uyingozi, ingcamango yokuba bagcina uluntu lukhuselekile, kunye nenyaniso yokuba unokubabiza ngexesha likaxakeka."
Ndicinga ukuba wenza umsebenzi olungileyo ekuvezeni ezi zimbini zokuqala njengeentsomi kwaye ndiyavumelana nomba wengxoxo yakho malunga nokuhanjiswa kwemali kwiDili eNtsha eluhlaza.
Nangona kunjalo, andicingi ukuba ilandela kwinto oye waxoxa ngayo ukuba amapolisa aliziko elingekho mthethweni. Ukwenza oku kuya kufuneka uveze noluvo lwesithathu (o.k.t. โunokubatsalela umnxeba kwimeko kaxakekaโ) oyiqaqambisayo. Kodwa kum kubonakala ngathi utshintsha nje igama ukusuka kubupolisa uye kwenye into - nangona imisebenzi iyafana. Okanye ndikufunde kakubi?
Ndithanda ukuvumelana noSteve Shalom, kunye nabanye abaxhasi bemodeli yeParPolity, abayibonayo indlela yoku, hayi kakhulu malunga nokugunyazisa amapolisa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa endaweni yokusebenzela ukuba umsebenzi wamapolisa unokukhangeleka njani. Oku, njengoko ndikuqonda, kusekelwe kwingqwalasela yokuba umsebenzi wamapolisa - njengezinye iindima ezibalulekileyo zentlalo (ubuhlengikazi ngokomzekelo) - kufuna uqeqesho lweengcali ngoko ke akufuneki wonke umntu avunyelwe ukuba ajikeleze ebupoliseni ebumelwaneni bakhe. Ngaba awuvumelani noku?
Nali ikhonkco loqobo: https://www.newsclick.in/policing-irrelevant-public-safety-here-some-alternatives-proven-work