Umthombo: Ukuqhuba Ukungaxhatshazwa
Ukusukela oko yathi yasungula umhlaba wayo wokuqala ngobuchule phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1980, apho amaqela amafama angathathi ntweni athatha imihlaba engasetyenziswanga kuMazantsi eBrazil aza ayenza iifama zentsebenziswano, iLandless Workers Movement (eyaziwa ngesiPhuthukezi njengeMovement dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem. I-Terra, okanye i-MST) ime njengenye yezona ntshukumo zintsha nezikhuthazayo kwezentlalo kwihlabathi. Ngo-2016, kuqikelelwa Amalungu ezigidi ze-1.5 yasekwa 2,000 iindawo zokuhlala ezisisigxina kulo lonke elaseBrazil, iintsapho ezimalunga nama-350,000 XNUMX zizuze umhlaba ngokulungiselela amalungelo azo. Ekuqaleni kobhubhane, intshukumo nayo zigcinwe ngaphezu kwe-170 yeekliniki zempilo yoluntu kunye neendawo ze-66 zokulungisa ukutya, eziye zaba ngamaziko abalulekileyo okuncedana, njengoko iqela laqala ukunikezela. amanani amakhulu lokutya kubantu abasweleyo.
Ukongeza ekusebenziseni inyathelo elithe ngqo ukuphumelela uhlaziyo lomhlaba, i-MST iye yavula inkqubo yemfundo egqibeleleyo kulutsha lwaseBrazil kunye nabantu abadala, ngakumbi abo bahlala emaphandleni. Njengesi2018, lo mbutho wawusebenza kwizikolo ze-2,000 - kunye namawakawaka ootitshala abahambelana ne-MST abafundisa abafundi abangaphezu kwe-250,000. Okumangalisayo kukuba, nangona oorhulumente basekhaya kunye noorhulumente basekhaya bexhasa kwaye belawula uninzi lwezi zikolo, i-MST iye yakwazi ukubeka ootitshala bayo kwaye iphumeze i-radical pedagogy. Oku kubandakanya isifundo yohlaziyo lwezolimo kunye neentshukumo zobulungisa kwezentlalo, kunye neembono ezisemva kwe-agroecology - imodeli yolimo oluzinzileyo olugatya ushishino lwezolimo.
Kwiintshukumo zase-US nangaphaya kokuzibuza ukuba bangazibandakanya njani nenkqubo ngaphandle kokukhethwa, i-MST inika umzekelo onamandla. Abaphengululi abaninzi bemibutho yezentlalo bakholelwa ukuba iintshukumo zinokubeka impumelelo yazo kwixesha elide ngokuthi urhulumente kunye namaqela aphambili ezopolitiko amkele iimfuno kunye neenkqubo zabo. Nangona kunjalo, aba baphengululi baphikisana nokuba ukumiselwa kweziko kuza kwixabiso: rhoqo, njengoko iinkqubo zentshukumo zibandakanywa kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo, amandla aphantsi athotywa, anciphise umda wabo kwaye aphulukane namandla azo okuzilolonga. amandla okuphazamisa.
URebecca Tarlau, unjingalwazi wezemfundo kwiYunivesithi yasePenn State, ukholelwa ukuba akuyomfuneko ukuba kube njalo. Kwincwadi yakhe ka-2019 "Ukuhlala kwiZikolo, ukuHlala ngomhlaba: Indlela iNtshukumo yabaSebenzi abangenamhlaba eyayitshintsha ngayo imfundo yaseBrazil,โ uTarlau uthi i-MST ibonelela ngomzekelo wendlela amatshantliziyo angasebenzisa ngayo isicwangciso โsolawulo olubambeneyo olusukuzanayoโ ukuphumelela uhlaziyo olusebenzayo olusuka kurhulumente ngelixa ekwachasa umanyano.
Kutshanje sithethile noTarlau ukuze sixoxe ngesi sicwangciso-qhinga - kunye nezifundo ezibanzi esinokuzifunda kumzabalazo weminyaka engama-40 wabasebenzi baseBrazil abangenamhlaba. Incoko yethu ihlelwe ubude kunye nokucaca.
Kwincwadi yakho, uthetha "ngohambo olude oluya kumaziko." Ngaba ungayichaza le ngcamango kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo kwi-MST?
Uninzi lwabantu lunxulumanisa le mbono kunye no- [Italian Marxist] uAntonio Gramsci, nangona eneneni yayingelobinzana alisebenzisileyo. โUmngcelele omde kumaziko emfundoโ uvela kwitshantliziyo laseJamani uRudi Dutschke, owayebhekisa kwindlela abafundi abanokuthi baziguqule ngayo iiyunivesithi njengamaziko-kwaye nendlela abafundi abanokuthi baqhubeke ngayo nokuguqula amanye amaziko emva kokuphumelela.
Umbono, ozoba kwi-Gramsci, kukuba xa imibutho yentlalontle isebenzisana nezakhiwo zombuso, ayenzelwanga ukuba ikhethwe. Kakade ke, oko kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ukuba unentshukumo ehlangeneyo, ukucinga ngeziseko ezifana nezikolo kunye neenkqubo zokhathalelo lwempilo - kunye nemibutho engeyiyo karhulumente, efana nemibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yoluntu - kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba lawo ngamaziko abantu abachitha kuwo ubomi bemihla ngemihla. bachitha amakhulu eeyure ezikolweni, kwiinkqubo zonyango, kumaziko abonelela ngezindlu. Ke unokuba nombono we-utopian, kodwa ukuba uya kuchaphazela abantu bemihla ngemihla, kuya kufuneka uzame ukubandakanya kunye nokuguqula la maziko aqhelekileyo.
Ke, kuluvo lokuba abaphembeleli kufuneka benze โuhambo olude ngamazikoโ luluvo lokuba banokuzama rhoqo ukunqanda uthethathethwano olunjalo?
Ewe. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba ingozi yokubambisana iyinyani. Kwaye nangenxa yokuba uthethathethwano norhulumente luhlala luncitshiselwa kwipolitiki yolonyulo. Ngokukodwa eUnited States, abantu bayaphoxeka kuluvo lokuba xa uthe wanyula umntu, uya kwenza utshintsho. Kwaye, okokuqala, loo nto ayinakwenzeka, akunjalo? Kodwa kwakhona, le ngcamango ayiqondi amandla.
Ngokuhamba ixesha elide kumaziko, ipolitiki yonyulo yinto enye kuphela. Ndicaphula enye yeenkokeli ze-MST, uJoรฃo Pedro Stedile, owathetha kwinkomfa yootitshala be-MST ngo-2015, kanye njengoko uMongameli waseBrazil u-Dilma Rousseff wayekhutshelwa ngaphandle kweofisi ngabameli bezomthetho abalondolozayo kunye nabanelungelo lokuhlanganisa izitrato. Uthe, โAbanye abantu bacinga ukuba singasuka sithathe ibhotwe likamongameli emva koko sibe negunya. Kodwa akukho ndawo eBrazil inamandla angaphantsi kunebhotwe likamongameli! " Wonke umntu wahleka kuba uDilma wayesele eza kubekwa ityala. Kwaye ke wathi kufuneka siwaqonde amandla ngokwahlukileyo - kufuneka siwaqonde njengoGramsci, othi kufuneka sikhuphisane namandla kuzo zonke iindawo zobomi bentlalo, nokuba kukumajelo eendaba okanye ezikolweni okanye kumhlaba. Kwaye i-MST kudala isenza loo nto.
Uchaza unxibelelwano lwe-MST norhulumente njengenkqubo โyolawulo olubambeneyo olusukuzanayo.โ Lithetha ukuthini eli gama, yaye kutheni libalulekile nje?
Ndicinga ukuba oku kungundoqo ekungabandakanywani. Siqhele ukubona uhlaziyo lweziko ngamaxesha apho imibutho yezentlalo yomelele ngokwenene. Kwaye ke uhlaziyo luyaqhubeka, kwaye imibutho yentlalontle iyafa.
Omnye umzekelo woku eUnited States kwicandelo lezemfundo iya kuba lisebe leZifundo zabaNtsundu neZifundo zoBuzwe. Aba bazalwa kwi-Third World Liberation Front, bephuma kumbutho weChicano, kunye nombutho wenkululeko yabaMnyama. Ngoko bekukho unxulumano olomeleleyo phakathi kweentshukumo zentlalo kunye nohlaziyo lweziko. Kodwa njengoko iintshukumo ziye zaphela kwaye uhlaziyo luqhubeka, waqala ukufumana ukuqhawula. Andifuni kuqondwa gwenxa: kusekho iFakhalthi emangalisayo, egqibeleleyo kwezo nkqubo kwilizwe lonke. Kodwa amasebe awasadityaniswanga ngokulungeleleneyo kwintshukumo yentlalo edibeneyo ecinga ngezi nkqubo njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esikhulu sotshintsho lwentlalo nezopolitiko.
Phantse iminyaka engama-40 i-MST iye yakwazi ukugcina ubutshantliziyo bayo bexesha elide ngokuyinxenye kuba ibonelela ngeenkonzo zeziko ezidingwa ngabantu bemihla ngemihla.
Kum, imbono yolawulo olunempikiswano kukuba awuphumezi nje uhlaziyo, unombutho woluntu ungene kwiziko njengenxalenye yesicwangciso esibanzi sotshintsho lwentlalo. Oko kubandakanya iingxabano ezininzi. Ukuba eso sicwangciso sesokuguqula ngokumandla iinkqubo zongxowankulu ngokobuhlanga kunye nezobuhetero-osolusapho kodwa usebenzisa amaziko akwezo nkqubo, oko kuya kubangela ungquzulwano. Kuba uhlala utyhalela phambili iimbono ezichasene neenjongo zelo ziko. Ndibhekisa koku "njengolawulo olubambeneyo."
Kulo mzekelo, akuqhubeki nje ukruthakruthwano kuba umbutho wezentlalo kufuneka uqhubeke ungena ezitalatweni kwaye uhlanganisana ukuze kugcinwe uhlaziyo luqhubela phambili, kodwa kuyaxabanisa kuba - ukuba uzenza kakuhle izinto - uyeza. Ukungquzulana nabalingane bakho ngaphakathi kumaziko.
Umbono oqhelekileyo kwithiyori yentshukumo yentlalontle kukuba iintshukumo ziba ziphazamisi kangako, zingabi nangqiqweni kwaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo zingasebenzi kakuhle njengoko zenza amaziko kunye neenkqubo zabo zotshintsho zibandakanywe kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo - kwaye oku kuphazamiseka kuyinxalenye yexabiso lokuphumelela. Kodwa uthatha indawo eyahlukileyo. Uphikisa ukuba ukumiselwa kweziko, enyanisweni, yinxalenye ephambili yobomi obude be-MST - kwaye ngaphezu koko, ukuba i-MST ikwazile ukugcina umbono ocacileyo nangona ithathe imatshi ngamaziko karhulumente. Ungathetha ngakumbi malunga nale ntshukumo?
Ndicinga ukuba uhlobo lwenkqubo abaphengululi abanjengoFrances Fox Piven kunye noRichard Cloward uxwebhu lwenzeka. Iintshukumo zentlalo zihlala ziphumelela kwaye emva koko zisuswe. Kodwa andiqondi ukuba kuphela kwendlela enokwenzeka xa umbutho usenza uhlaziyo lweziko. Enyanisweni, phantse iminyaka engama-40 i-MST iye yakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo kwexesha elide ngokuyinxenye kuba ibonelela ngeenkonzo zeziko ezidingwa ngabantu bemihla ngemihla.
Uyayibona le nto ezikolweni. Iiprogram ze-MST ibikuphela kwezikolo kwiindawo ezithile zoluntu. Ukuba uvela kwindawo yasemaphandleni kwaye ufuna ukuya kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo - engeyiyo injongo ephambili, kodwa injongo eqhelekileyo kuye nabani na ofuna ukuhamba kwezentlalo - i-MST inokubonelela oko. Kwaye ke kwesi sikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, waziswa kwezi mfundiso zingqongqo ngokwenene ezixoxa ngendlela yokufunda ihlabathi ngokunzulu kwaye uqonde imbali yongxowankulu kunye nohlaziyo lwezolimo. Ezi nkqubo zikunyanzelela ukuba uziqhelanise nokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba yinxalenye yentshukumo yentlalontle, kuba iinkqubo zesikolo zilungelelaniswe ukuba ziqhutywe ziimbumba ezincinci zabafundi. Ke uyaguqulwa, kwaye oko kudlala kwakhona kwintshukumo. Ufumana isidanga esivunyiweyo ngurhulumente, kodwa uchithe iminyaka emine kwinkqubo yotshintsho.
Ewe, umbutho unokwenza imfundo ngezifundo ezingezizo ezisesikweni. Kodwa ayinguye wonke umntu uneminyaka emine yokunika inkqubo engeyiyo esesikweni, xa kuthelekiswa nokubhalisa kwisikolo esamkelwa ngurhulumente. Ngokusebenzisa amaziko karhulumente, ufumana isiqwenga esikhulu soluntu ukuze ube nala mava aqatha. Kwaye abaninzi abantu bahlala kwintshukumo.
Akuqhelekanga ukubona iintshukumo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo zentlalontle. Kodwa into enditsibela yona malunga ne-MST kukuba bafumana ezi nkonzo ukuba zixhaswe ngurhulumente kwaye zigcinwe zibukhali. Uvula incwadi yakho ngesicatshulwa esivela kwitshantliziyo laseBrazil, uAntonio Munarim, obuza "Siyigcina njani le ntshukumo?" Kwaye impendulo yakhe ithi, "Uthethathethwano norhulumente ngaphandle kokuthatheka." Ucinga ukuba zeziphi izenzo ezisembindini ezivumele i-MST ukuba ingafuntshwa, xa ezinye iintshukumo zinjalo?
Ndicaphula enye inkokeli ye-MST kwincwadi egama lingu-Erivan Hilรกrio, othi "Kukubambisana kuphela ukuba uyeka ukunxibelelana nentshukumo." Ndicinga ukuba esinye isizathu sokuba i-MST ikwazi ukwenza oku kukugcina abantu ababandakanyekayo kwintshukumo, nangona abo bantu bayingxenye yamaziko.
Umzekelo, ukuba uyahamba kwaye ube ngumfundisi-ntsapho, okanye ugqirha, okanye i-agronomist, usengaphakathi kwe-MST, kwaye usaphendula kwiqumrhu elihlangeneyo. Uninzi lwabantu lunxulunyaniswa ngokubanzi ne-MST kuba bafumene umhlaba ngenkqubo yokuhlala komhlaba okanye bahlala kwindawo yokuhlala ye-MST - inani lamalungu e-1.5 yezigidi livela kuloo nto. Kodwa kukho inani elincinci labantu, mhlawumbi abantu abangama-30,000 ukuya kuma-40,000 kwilizwe liphela, ababandakanyeka kwinqanaba elinzulu kakhulu. Aba ngabantu esinokuthi "baphilayo" kwintshukumo. Bathatha inxaxheba kwiindawo zokuthatha izigqibo zombutho.
Ukuba kukhe kubekho ixesha apho ungaqhankqalaziyo, mhlawumbi awusayilwela into eqatha, okanye uya kulahlekelwa.
Kuzo zonke iindawo zokuhlala okanye iinkampu, kukho "i-nuclei," enokuba ngabantu abali-10 okanye abangama-20 ababandakanyekayo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezihlangeneyo. Ke kukho amaqumrhu athatha izigqibo kwingingqi nakurhulumente welizwe lonke aphinda-phinda esi sakhiwo. Kukwakho namaqumrhu anomxholo - ukuba uyinxalenye yecandelo lezemfundo, okanye icandelo labasetyhini, okanye ngoku kukho icandelo elihlangeneyo le-LGBT, unokuba yinxalenye yento ebizwa ngokuba yi-instancia - ngokoqobo, "imeko" yokwenza izigqibo ngaphakathi. intshukumo. Abantu abayinxalenye yombutho bachitha ixesha elininzi kule mibutho idityanisiweyo, ngoko ke baya kuphendula.
Zikho nezinye izinto. Uninzi lootitshala okanye ii-agronomists abaziinkokeli ze-MST baya kucelwa ukuba banike inxalenye yomvuzo wabo ukugcina intshukumo. Le yingxoxo enkulu kweminye yezangqa: Kufuneka ootitshala banike malini? Ngaba bafanele bancame isiqingatha somvuzo wabo? Ootitshala abenzi nto ingako, ngoko yinto enkulu ukuba le nto igqitywe kwiindawo ezihlangeneyo zokwenziwa kwezigqibo. Kodwa ukuba umntu uthatha isigqibo, uyazi, "Andifuni ukuyeka isahlulo sesine somvuzo wam," banokuhamba kwaye bangabikho kwintshukumo. Kodwa ndingatsho ukuba basaphenjelelwa yintshukumo kuba bafumana umsebenzi wabo ngenkqubo yesidanga se-MST kwaye baye badlula kule nkqubo idibeneyo.
Ngaphandle kwemali, utyalo-mali lwexesha elibandakanyekayo apha lubonakala lukhulu. Ukusebenza ixesha elizeleyo njengomfundisi-ntsapho okanye ingcali yezolimo yaseburhulumenteni, kwaye emva koko ukuya kuzo zonke ezi ntlanganiso ngeengokuhlwa - oko kukuzibophelela okukhulu.
Yiyo loo nto abantu behamba. I-MST inenkathalo yabantwana kuzo zonke iintlanganiso, ngoko ukuba unomntwana unokuza naye. Kodwa kusenzima ngokwenene. Ndiyazi uninzi lwabantu abanabayeni okanye abafazi abangalunganga ngokuba neqabane labo elichitha ixesha elininzi apho. Oko kudla ngokwaphula ubudlelwane babo okanye kwaphula ubudlelwane bomntu kunye ne-MST. Iyafana ne-US: Kunzima ukuba ngumlweli wexesha elizeleyo, akunjalo?
Ikwazi njani i-MST ukuba iinkqubo zayo zixhaswe ngemali ngurhulumente? Ngaba kuxhomekeke ekubeni neqela lezopolitiko elinovelwano lilawule?
Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba i-MST kunye ne-Workers Party, okanye i-PT, yinto enye - okanye ukuba bahlala bexhasana. Kodwa asiyonyaniso leyo. I-MST ibisoloko inokuzimela geqe kumaqela ezopolitiko. Ngoku, ngamanye amaxesha iinzame zabo zibotshelelwa kwi-PT: Ngokuqinisekileyo xa uLula ethatha amandla ngo-2003, oko kwaba ngumzuzu wokwandiswa okukhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-MST. Ngoko amandla ezopolitiko asekhohlo abalulekile.
Kodwa ke kukho iindawo, njengakumantla-mpuma eBrazil, apho kungekho qela lezopolitiko liqhubayo, kwaye intshukumo inendlela eyahlukileyo. Kwiindawo apho unobume obubuthathaka, apho urhulumente ongenawo amandla amaninzi okubonelela ngeenkonzo ebantwini, i-MST iye yakwazi ukunyathela. Ndithethe noosodolophu ababambeleyo kwezi ndawo, abaza kuthetha nam kuba ndisisifundiswa saseMelika. Kwaye ndingathi, โAba bantu be-MST bafundisa abafundisi-ntsapho bakho ngeMarxism, kwaye uyinxalenye yelona qela libambeleleyo eBrazil. Kutheni ulungile ngale nto?" Kwaye banokuthi, โUyazi, ootitshala bethu bafuna uqeqesho. I-MST izisa abantu abavela kwilizwe lonke abanezidanga zobugqirha. Banikezela ngodidi loqeqesho esingenako ukulunika ngenye indlela. Kwaye ootitshala bethu bayaluthanda uqeqesho. Ngoko ilungile kuthi.โ
Nangona urhulumente wayexhasa ngemali into enokuwubhukuqa ekugqibeleni, kwixeshana elifutshane kwaba luncedo kakhulu ukuba umbutho wentlalontle wenze ezi zinto.
Umbuso awuyonto enye. Ineendidi ezininzi, ineendidi ezahlukeneyo zamaziko kuzwelonke, kuzwelonke nakwinqanaba lengingqi. I-MST ifana namanzi, izama ukuntywila naphi na apho inakho.
Kukho uguquguquko olukwibinzana elidumileyo likaBayard Rustin elithi โukusuka kuqhanqalazo ukuya kwezopolitikoโ elibonisa ukuba imibutho yentlalontle iqala ngaphandle kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe isiya kwiindima zangaphakathi ekuhambeni kwexesha. Ucela umngeni lo mbono kwaye uphikisa ukuba "zombini ezi ndlela zokungenelela kwezopolitiko zinokwenzeka ngaxeshanye kumashumi eminyaka."
Ndicinga ukuba uxinzelelo lwangaphandle, uthethathethwano, kunye nolawulo ngokubambisana ngaphakathi kumaziko zonke kufuneka zihambe kunye. I-MST ilwela imigaqo-nkqubo - malunga nezolimo, imfundo, ezempilo, ezothutho - ezingabizi nje kuphela, kodwa ezibandakanya utyalo-mali kwiindawo ezidla ngokutyalwa kuzo. Ngoko kukho ukuxhathisa okukhulu. Kufuneka basoloko beququzelela uqhanqalazo, ukuze le migaqo-nkqubo iphunyezwe kwaye baqhubeke nemigaqo-nkqubo emva koko.
Ndicinga ukuba kukho isifundo apho: Ukuba kukhe kubekho umzuzwana apho ungaqhankqalaziyo, mhlawumbi awusayilwela into eqatha, okanye uya kulahlekelwa. Kuba ukuba ulwela into enkulu, kuya kubakho ukuxhathisa ekufuneka koyiswe.
Naxa uphumelele, kufuneka uqhanqalaze ukuze ukhusele iinzuzo zakho zeziko. Ngo-2010, i-MST yacelwa umngeni yi-judiciary yaseBrazil, eyathi lo mbutho awusakwazi ukusebenzisana neeyunivesithi kwiinkqubo zabo zemfundo ephakamileyo. Ukubuyisela iinkqubo, i-MST kwafuneka iqhankqalaze kwaye ihlanganise - kodwa inokutsalela kuwo onke amandla eziko abawafumeneyo. Xa i-MST yaqala inkqubo yayo yaseyunivesithi, akukho mntu wayeza kusebenza nayo. Kodwa bafumana iyunivesiti enye abaza kusebenzisana nayo kule projekthi, emva koko bayikhulisa bayikhulisa. Ngo-2010, inkqubo yayisele iphumelele kakhulu ekukhonzeni abantu abangazange bafikelele eyunivesithi, kangangokuba noomongameli baseyunivesithi babeyixhasa. Xa iinkundla zazama ukuphazamisa, akuzange nje ube nabezobupolitika abanenkqubela nabantu ababeqhankqalaza ezitratweni, wawunoomongameli baseyunivesithi abangama-52 abathi, โYekani ukuzama ukuyiphelisa le nkqubo siyithandayo nesiyixhasayo.โ Xa ubeka loo nto ecaleni koqhanqalazo, yatywina isivumelwano. I-MST izifumene iinkqubo.
Kwincwadi yakho ukhankanya imizekelo apho i-MST ivuma ukuba kukho ukungavisisani phakathi kokuququzelela uqhanqalazo oluninzi oluphazamisayo, kwelinye icala, kunye nokuzama ukugcina iinkonzo zabo kunye nokwenza ipolitiki yangaphakathi yomdlalo kwelinye. Nangona kunjalo, intshukumo yabo iyakwazi ukulawula ezi ngxaki.
Ngokuqinisekileyo. Omnye umzekelo wawukunye nenkqubo yeyunivesithi yokuqala ye-MST. Abafundi balutyeshela uviwo lwesizwe ababefanele ukulubhala. Oku kuyonakalisa yonke inkqubo yoonjingalwazi ababeyixhasa. Kwaba banjingalwazi, ababephume ecaleni kwiprogram, uviwo lwalubaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni ukuba semthethweni. Xa abafundi be-MST bekwala, oonjingalwazi babefana, โasoze baphinde.โ I-MST ayizange yenze enye inkqubo apho. Ngethamsanqa, zavulwa ezinye iiyunivesithi. Kodwa oku kwabonisa ukungavisisani ekudlaleni.
Kufuneka sicinge malunga nendlela esinokuyiqinisa ngayo intshukumo kwaye emva koko sifumane iinkalo zamandla karhulumente apho sinokuthi sibe nakho ukulawula okuthile.
Ndadlanโ indlebe nabanye abantu ngaloo meko. Becingisisa bathi, โEwe, ibiyinkqubo yethu yokuqala leyo; besiba ngqongqo kakhulu, asizange sibavumele oonjingalwazi ukuba babe yinxalenye yale nkqubo.โ Kodwa kwixa elizayo kwezi khosi, amalungu e-faculty aba yinxalenye yeqela elenza izigqibo. Ngoko intshukumo ihlala ifunda. Kukufunda malunga nexesha lokukhetha umlo, ixesha elifanelekileyo, kunye nendlela yokuphatha amahlakani anokuba nomdla wawo.
I-MST izama rhoqo ukulinganisa umdlalo wangaphakathi kunye nomdlalo wangaphandle. Kwaye uxinezeleko lufikelela entloko. Ukuba usondele kakhulu kurhulumente, mhlawumbi uya kuthatha isigqibo sokufumana loo mali eyongezelelweyo kwifama yakho yerayisi, kwaye awuyi kuhlala kuloo mhlaba oya kubangela ungquzulwano olukhulu. Inqaku lam kukuba, i-MST iyaqonda ukuba le yintlupheko. Bahlala bexoxa ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, mhlawumbi baye benza ukhetho olungalunganga, kodwa benza konke okusemandleni abo ukukhangela le miba. Okwangoku, i-MST ibingumbutho iminyaka engama-40, kwaye bafunde lukhulu. Baye bafunda ukuba uhlobo lwe-radical collectivism apho wonke umntu kufuneka ahlale kwindawo yokulala enye ayisebenzi-ukuba kufuneka unike abantu inkululeko encinci kwingqokelela. Ngokubhekiselele kurhulumente, bahlala bexoxa ngeengxabano ezibandakanyekayo. Bahlala besebenza ukuyifumanisa.
Ucinga ukuba umzekelo we-MST wolawulo olunempikiswano ubaluleke kangakanani kubantu abakwamanye amazwe, ngakumbi eMelika?
Siye sathetha kakhulu malunga neentshukumo ezibonelela ngeenkonzo. Ndicinga ukuba i-MST isibonisa ukuba awukwazi ukubonelela ngenkonzo, njengoko urhulumente okanye abadlali babucala bebeya kwenza. Kufuneka ibe yinkonzo apho ubonisa kwangaphambili enye indlela yokuba. Ndiyalamkela igama elithi prefiguration: Ndiyawuthanda umbono wokumisela ihlabathi esifuna ukulibona ngeli xesha langoku. Ndifuna ukubuyisela eli gama kuhlobo lwe-ethos echasene norhulumente - oko kumiselwa kwangaphambili kudala ihlabathi ofuna ukulibona eZuccotti Park [ene-Occupy Wall Street], okanye kwenye indawo ngaphandle kwemida yelizwe. Ndicinga ukuba ungabonisa elinye ilizwe kumaziko karhulumente. Kunzima. Amaziko akanakuze agqibelele. Kodwa umceli mngeni kukuba siziqhelanise nokuba ilizwe malijongeke njani kwezo ndawo.
Le yinto oyibiza ngokuba โyinkqubo yolawulo olumanyeneyo,โ akunjalo?
Ngokuchanekileyo. Kwaye kukho imizekelo eUnited States. Crystal Sanders has a incwadi malunga nendlela abalwela amalungelo oluntu kwiindawo ezithile, njengeMississippi, bakwazile ukuthatha ulawulo lweeprogram zeNtloko yeNtloko kwi-1960 kwaye baziguqule zibe zizikolo zeentshukumo ezikhawulezayo. Oku kwahlukile kwiZikolo zeNkululeko ezidla ngokucatshulwa kwaye ebezingaphandle korhulumente. Oku ngokwenene kuthatha indawo ngaphakathi kwezibonelelo zemfundo ezisesikweni.
Ndicinga ukuba izifundo eziMnyama kunye nezifundo zeChicano zeminye imizekelo emihle yolawulo lwentlalontle kwinqanaba lezemfundo. Kodwa kwakhona, ingxaki kukuba imibutho yezentlalo eyabaphumelelayo yafa. Ndicinga ukuba ezinye zemibutho yootishala ngoku zizama ukwenza izinto: Ikharityhulamu yesikolo iBlack Lives Matter yenziwa litshantliziyo eSeattle, emva koko yandiswa ngamatsha ntliziyo e-Philadelphia. Ngoko kukho imizekelo.
Ucinga ukuba zeziphi ezona zifundo zinkulu i-MST ibonelela ngazo ukuphepha ukuhlangana?
Ndicinga ukuba e-United States sixakeke ngumahluko phakathi kwabantu ababandakanyeka kwiipolitiki zonyulo kunye nabantu abachasene neso sicwangciso-isikhundla esiba sichasa ilizwe. Ndicinga ukuba ingxaki asicingi ngokuhlala kwamanye amacandelo karhulumente ngaphandle kwezopolitiko zonyulo. Amandla karhulumente akhona kwiindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kwaye ke kufuneka sicinge malunga nendlela esinokuyiqinisa ngayo intshukumo kwaye emva koko sifumane izintlu zamandla karhulumente apho sinokuthi sibe nakho ukusebenzisa ulawulo oluthile. Ndicinga ukuba i-MST ifumana loo nto kwi-Gramsci, abayibambe njengenye yeepensadores zentshukumo, okanye amaqhawe engqondo.
Ngaba izinto zitshintshile kwi-MST ukusukela oko uMongameli wasekunene uJair Bolsonaro wangena kulawulo ngo-2019? Ngaba intshukumo iye yahlala injalo?
I-Bolsonaro yoyikeka kakhulu kubantu abakumgangatho wabasebenzi, kwaye indlela ewonakalise ngayo iinzuzo ezifunyenwe ngabantu abasebenzayo kumashumi eminyaka kunye namashumi eminyaka ibuhlungu nje. Kuphinde kubekho ubundlobongela nokugxothwa kwabantu endingafuni ukukucutha. Kodwa kwi-epilogue yencwadi yam, ndenza nengxoxo yokuba neBolsonaro ayingombuso waseBrazil. Ungumongameli. Kodwa akazilawuli izixhobo ezininzi ezikumbuso. Nangona evale iinkqubo ezininzi, i-MST isafakwe kurhulumente kwaye iqhubela phambili ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo endinokuyigqamisa ngokumalunga nale minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo yindima ye-MST ngexesha le-COVID. I-MST ngokusisiseko ibandakanye iziseko zayo zentshukumo ukunceda abantu ukuba basinde kulo bhubhani. Banikele ngesixa sokutya esihlekisayo - njengamawaka eitoni. Rhoqo ngenyanga enye, amafama asuka kwilizwe lonke adibanisa ukutya okuvela kwi-MST kwaye akunike iindawo ezihluphekayo zasezidolophini. Siyibiza ngokuba kuncedana; bathi lumanyano. Baphinde baguqula iqela lezikolo zabo zaba zizibhedlele kanye emva kokuba ubhubhane uqalile. Kwaye banento efana neecafe zasedolophini ezili-15 abazivulileyo kwilizwe liphela kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ngoku zibonelela ngekhulu lesidlo sasemini sasimahla yonke imihla. Kudala ndifunda i-MST ukusukela ngo-2009, kwaye yeyona nto imangalisayo endakha ndayibona.
Asizukwazi iziphumo zexesha elide zoku kangangexesha elithile. Baye bazuza amahlakani amaninzi, kuba urhulumente wayengekho nje. Nemibutho yabucala ibingekho. Kodwa i-MST yayilapho, ivumela abantu ukuba baphile. Kwaye unabo abantu abahluphekayo kwiikhefi zasezidolophini abaza kufumana isidlo sasemini sasimahla, kwaye ngosuku olulandelayo baya kucela ivolontiya. Emva koko i-MST iya kuziplaga kwisistim. Uninzi lwabantu lunxulunyaniswa nombutho ngalo msebenzi wobumbano. Kuyinto nje engakholelekiyo.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela