Umthombo: Ukuqhuba Ukungaxhatshazwa
"Ndiyakholelwa kulawulo oludibeneyo," uMmeli weCongressional u-Ilhan Omar wathi kweli hlobo lidlulileyo ekubhengezeni inkxaso-mali yothotho lweeprojekthi zoluntu ezintsha eMinneapolis. UYolanda Roth, umququzeleli womanyano kwisithili sakhe owabalekela umkomishinala wedolophu kunyaka ongaphambili, wathi "Ulawulo oludibeneyo ngumnqweno wam." Kwikwindla yokugqibela, uSandy Mongikazi, owayesakuba ngumququzeleli we-Occupy Wall Street onyulwe ngoku kwiBhunga lesiXeko saseNew York, wenza ukuba ulawulo-ntsebenziswano lube yeyona nto iphambili kwiphulo lakhe, ebiza "kwinkqubo apho iintshukumo kunye namalungu oluntu angabuzwa nje kuphela igalelo labo, kodwa akwitafile yokwenza izigqibo, ecaleni, kunye nabenzi bezigqibo abaqulunqa umthetho kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo."
Aba bezopolitiko ababodwa. Kwilizwe liphela, intshukumo iya ifuna ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo amkele umbono wolawulo-ndawonye, kwaye uninzi - ukuba ayingomakhulu - abagqatswa abaxhaswa yimibutho ephantsi bayamkele.
Ukuthatha eli nyathelo, iinkokeli ezinyuliweyo kunye nemibutho ebaxhasayo batyala imali kuluvo uninzi lwabantu ekusenokwenzeka ukuba aluzange lweva ngalo, kodwa olufumana amandla kwezopolitiko ezinenkqubela phambili. Lithetha ukuthini ngenene elithi “ulawulo-ndawonye”? Ivela phi? Ziziphi iingxaki elifuna ukuzicombulula? Kwaye ngaba imele into entsha kwindlela abaququzeleli abasondela ngayo kwezopolitiko zonyulo?
Abo bakhuthaza ukubambisana kolawulo bachaza njengobudlelwane obutsha phakathi kweentshukumo zentlalo kunye nabaviwa abancedisa ukuphumelela i-ofisi - intsebenziswano apho abagqugquzeli kunye namagosa anyuliweyo asebenza khona ukugcina ubudlelwane bexesha elide, isicwangciso sokulungelelanisa ngokusondeleyo kunye nokuqhubela phambili izinto eziphambili kwi-grassroots. Kodwa nangona oku kunokuba yinto enyanzelekileyo, kunzima ngokukhohlakeleyo ukuyiqonda xa usebenza. Umbuzo wokuba ingaba imibutho yentlalontle inokwenza ulawulo oluhlangeneyo lube yinyani inokugqiba ukuba ikude kangakanani na ekubumbeni ikamva lezopolitiko zase-US.
Ngaphaya konyulo lwebhom-and-bust
Emva kokukhula komdla kulawulo oluhlangeneyo kukho umbuzo ophambili: "Kwenzeka ntoni xa siphumelele?"
EUnited States, ukubandakanyeka kwemibutho yasekuhlaleni kumaphulo onyulo kudla ngokutyhutyha umjikelo we-boom-and-bust. I-boom iza ngaphambi kosuku lonyulo, xa imibutho ityala imali eninzi yexesha, imali, amandla kunye namandla okuzithandela ekuvuseleleni amaphulo amakhulu ukuze afumane umgqatswa ovunyiweyo kwiofisi. Kodwa emva konyulo, umjikelo wokuhlanganisa uyaphela: iiofisi zentsimi ziyachithwa, abasebenzi bayagxothwa, amavolontiya agoduka. Nokuba zithe zaphumelela, iintshukumo ziya qhuma kwaye zithotywe.
Ngeli xesha lamva nje, abezobupolitika abasandul’ ukunyulwa bagxothwa benethemba lokuba baya kuba ziintshatsheli ezinenkqubela. Ukunxibelelana kwabo kunye neentshukumo kunokukhawulelwa kwimibuzo embalwa ethile, nangona kunjalo. Kungenjalo, kube kanye kuphela igosa elinyuliweyo lithathwa njengelingcatsha isiseko salo kwaye kufuneka "lithweswe uxanduva" apho amandla omzabalazo alawulwa. Ngaphandle kokuba kujoliswe kuko ngamaxesha athile kuqhanqalazo, abezopolitiko bashiywe kakhulu kwizixhobo zabo- de kufike umjikelo omtsha wonyulo.
Indlela yokuphumelela, iqela elenzelwe ukuququzelela abaxhasi ukuxhasa iinzame eziqhubekayo, yalatha ku amahla ndinyuka alo mjikelo “njengenye yezona zinto zinxunguphalisayo esikhe saziva kumaqela asemazweni.” Amaqela asekuhlaleni “akhukuliswa zizikhukula kanye ngaphambi konyulo emva koko abe nembalela kanye emva koko.” Kwangaxeshanye, abagqatswa abasezantsi banokuziva belahliwe: “Kumagosa anyuliweyo athe axhaswa yimibutho, ukutshintshela ezikhundleni kunokuba nzima, yaye ngokufuthi bafuna inkxaso ukuze balawule ngokunempumelelo.”
Ekuphononongeni ulawulo lobambiswano, amatsha ntliziyo abuza imibuzo malunga nokuba amaqela entshukumo alungelelanisiweyo angalufumana njani uhlobo lwempembelelo yezopolitiko ngokuqhelekileyo egcinelwe izityebi kunye nabanxibelelene kakuhle.
UMaurice Mitchell, umlawuli kuzwelonke weQela leeNtsapho eziSebenzayo, uphinde waxoxa ngale ngxaki ngo-2021. iyajikelezwa in Ibamba: "Enye yezinto esiqhele ukuzenza - nkqu nabagqatswa bethu bentshukumo esibathandayo - senza wonke lo msebenzi unzima kakhulu, ubiza kakhulu ngokwembono yexesha lethu, umsebenzi wethu, imali yethu, amandla ethu engqondo ukuze sifumane. kukho umntu onyuliweyo, emva koko sibabeke kwiholo yedolophu ngokungathi sibashiya kwindawo yokugcina abantwana,” waxoxa watsho. Kwaye ke xa benza into okanye bethetha into esicinga ukuba ayihambelani nathi, siphendula [ngokudana okanye] ukuphoxeka."
Ulawulo-ndawonye, njengethiyori kunye neqela lezenzo ezisakhulayo, limele iinzame zokuphuma kwezi patheni kunye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwane obakhayo ngakumbi phakathi kwezopolitiko kunye nemibutho yezentlalo. Esikhundleni somjikelo ofikelela incopho yonyulo olukhulu rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini okanye emine, ulawulo-ntsebenziswano lumisela uthethathethwano oluqhubekayo, apho amaqela asezantsi enza ubambiswano oluhlala luhleli nabagqatswa bemibutho. Ngokunqwenelekayo la magosa onyuliweyo ziinkokeli ezithe zagaywa kuluhlu lwazo kwaye zomelezwa luququzelelo oluqhubekayo nemibutho yentshukumo xa sele e-ofisini.
"Kufuneka sinyanzelise abameli abaza kwabelana ngegunya lokulawula," ubhala U-Lizeth Chacon, umlawuli olawulayo kwi-Colorado People's Alliance kunye ne-Colorado People's Action. “Ulawulo oluhlangeneyo luthetha ukuba amagosa anyuliweyo asebenza ngokukhutheleyo noluntu lwethu - hayi abaphembeleli bamaqumrhu - ukuyila imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokuziqhubela phambili kunye. Imalunga nokukhangela iindlela ezintsha zokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abona bonakaliswe kakhulu lucalucalulo ngokwesakhiwo kunye nenkqubo yethu yoqoqosho lwengeniso yokuqala bayinxalenye yokuqulunqa izisombululo.
Konke oku kulula ukuthetha kunokukwenza, kunjalo, kwaye iingxaki ezibandakanyekayo azikho ntsha. Nangona kunjalo into yokuba abaququzeleli abaninzi befikelela kwindlela entsha yokulawula ibonisa inani lophuhliso oluphawulekayo kwi-US ekhohlo. Ukuguqukela kulwimi “lolawulo oluhlangeneyo,” baye basebenza ukunika igama umnqweno owawunqwenelwa ngaphambili, kodwa ungafane uchazwe.
Ukukhupha ulawulo lwentsebenziswano kwiziko lemfundo
Phambi kokuba abaququzeleli boluntu baqalise ukwamkela le ngcamango kwaye bayinike intsingiselo yabo yezopolitiko, ulawulo oluhlangeneyo lwalunqabile ukuba luchazwe kwezopolitiko zase-US. Endaweni yoko, kule minyaka ingamashumi amabini idlulileyo, eli gama liye lavela kwezinye iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Kumazwe anje Khanada kwaye Nyu Zilend, ingcamango isetyenziselwa ukuchaza amalungiselelo ahlukeneyo phakathi kwamagunya ezizwe kunye norhulumente malunga nobugosa kunye ulawulo yobutyebi bendalo.
Unjingalwazi wasePenn State uRebecca Tarlau unalo ezisetyenzisiweyo Igama elithi "ulawulo olubambeneyo" ukuchaza indlela iBrazilian Landless Workers Movement, okanye iMST, eye yangqubana ngayo kwaye yasebenza ngaphakathi kurhulumente ukukhuthaza imodeli yayo yemfundo yasemaphandleni, imodeli enokuba nexabiso elikhulu. izifundo kubalweli baseMelika. Abanye abaphengululi, nangona kunjalo, basebenzise eli gama ngeendlela eziya kude-kwaye ngamanye amaxesha azibandakanyi intshukumo yoluntu kwaphela.
phakathi zifundo Kwimimandla enxulumene norhulumente kunye nolawulo lukarhulumente, ulwimi “lolawulo ngokubambisana” lwaqala ukuvela rhoqo ekuqaleni kwe2000 kwaye kuvela ecaleni kwemiqondo equka “ukudalwa ngokubambisana,” “ulawulo ngokubambisana” kunye “nobunkokeli obunentsebenziswano.” Izifundiswa zisebenzisa eli gama ukuchaza amalinge apho “abachaphazelekayo” bengingqi abangaphandle kweziseko ezisesikweni zikarhulumente bamenywa ukuba badlale indima kwiiprojekthi zikarhulumente, rhoqo kwinqanaba likamasipala. Ngolu hlobo, abaququzeleli benkomfa enkulu yamazwe ngamazwe engolawulo lobambiswano ngo-Okthobha wama-2021 babize amakhulukhulu abafundisi bezemfundo nabacwangcisi bakamasipala ukuba xubusha indlela yokudala ngakumbi "izixeko ezibandakanyayo" - okanye, xa zithe zanikezela kwiimpembelelo ezininzi ze-jargony, ukuhlola "i-intersubjective kunye nentsebenziswano yamacandelo amaninzi ekwakhiweni kwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu."
Umzekelo wembombo onjalo uthethathethwano nabemi iphuma kwidolophu ephakathi kumazantsi eBrazil. Kungekudala emva kokuba i-PT, okanye i-Workers Party, ithathe ulawulo kwikomkhulu lengingqi yasePorto Alegre ngo-1989, baqalisa iphulo “lokuthatha inxaxheba kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali” apho abahlali abaqhelekileyo badibana kwiindibano zasekuhlaleni ukuze bagqibe ngokudibeneyo ukuba inxalenye ebalulekileyo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lukamasipala iya kuba njani. zisetyenziswe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imodeli iye yaphindwa ngokubanzi. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ePorto Alegre ngokwayo, eli nyathelo liye lanqunyanyiswa ukususela ngo-2017, njengoko abakhuphisanayo abaphumelele amagosa e-PT kunyulo lwasekhaya baye basebenza ukubuyisela umva ilifa leqela.
Umzekelo wePorto Alegre ngowezopolitiko. Kodwa ezinye iiprojekthi ezininzi ezithatha inxaxheba zolawulo ziyakhuthazwa ngezizathu ezingezizo iimbono, ixhaswe ngu amahlakani amaziko njenge-European Union okanye uMbutho weNtsebenziswano yoQoqosho noPhuhliso. Phakathi “kwentsebenziswano phakathi kukarhulumente namashishini abucala” kunye “namaphulo abachaphazelekayo” abanjwe njengemizekelo kukho ibhanki yoluntu inkqubo eOstreliya; imizamo yinkampani yamanzi e-UK ukuba lalela ukufaka igalelo kumalungu oluntu kwaye ngokwenjenjalo kuphuculwe inkonzo yabathengi; kunye a yewebhu portal e Ljubljana, Slovenia, esekwe ukuba abemi bacebise ngophuculo lukamasipala.
Uninzi lwale nto ikude lee kwinto ethethwa ziiradicals zase-United States xa zithetha ngolawulo olumanyeneyo. Kakhulu, kukho ubungqina bexabiso elincinci lokuhlangana phakathi kwehlabathi lezemfundo kunye nehlabathi lamatshantliziyo: Umzekelo, ekuphuhliseni umbono wabo wolawulo oluhlangeneyo, abaququzeleli baseMinnesota banike ingxelo yokuba baye bajonga izifundo ezithile kwidemokhrasi ethatha inxaxheba evela eBrazil. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, abaququzeleli base-US banike eli gama intsingiselo yabo ekhethekileyo. Ekuphononongeni ulawulo oluhlangeneyo, babuza imibuzo malunga nendlela amaqela entshukumo alungelelanisiweyo anokufumana ngayo uhlobo lwempembelelo yezopolitiko ngokuqhelekileyo igcinelwe izityebi kunye nabaqhagamshelwe kakuhle, kwaye njani - ngokusebenzisana nabagqatswa abakhethiweyo - banokuthatha ulawulo lwemisebenzi ephambili urhulumente.
Ngamanye amazwi, iintshukumo zilwela amandla, kwaye ii-portal zewebhu ezingcono aziyiyo le nto banayo engqondweni.
Umzuzu wentshukumo kwipolitiki yolonyulo
Kutheni le nto le ntetho intsha yolawulo lobambiswano ibambekile kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo? Zimbini izizathu ezingundoqo. Enye ijolise kwihlabathi lombutho woluntu, kwaye enye ibonisa imeko ebanzi ye-US eshiyekileyo.
Eyona nto iphambili kugxininiso lwangoku lolawulo ngokubambisana yiPeople's Action, enye yothungelwano lwesizwe olubalaseleyo lwemibutho yoluntu. Eli qela libanga isiseko samalungu angaphezu kwama-90,000, asasazwa ngamaqela angaphezu kweshumi elinesibini kumazwe angama-28. Phantsi kobunkokeli bukaGeorge Goehl, othe kutshanje igqitywe tu iminyaka eli-14 njengomlawuli olawulayo wothungelwano, i-People's Action iye yaphinda yaphonononga ezinye zeemfundiso ezingundoqo ezakha zawubeka phantsi umsebenzi wamalungu ayo.
Enye yazo kukungaluthandi unyulo kunye nezopolitiko zamaqela. Abaququzeleli abaninzi boluntu ukusukela ngoo-1960, abasebenza kwi Umnombo kaSawule Alinsky, ziye zaveliswa kwingcamango yokuba umsebenzi wazo yayikukuba liva elibukhali kumbutho wezobupolitika, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ngubani ophethe isikhundla. UGoehl uthi: “Kuninzi lwembali yethu yolungiselelo, ibimalunga nokuba ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sigibisela amatye nokukhaba uthuli. Le ndlela yenzelwe ukuphumelela eyona nto ingcono kwimo yezopolitiko ekhoyo, kwaye ingekuko ukuyitshintsha ngokupheleleyo loo ndawo. ”
Ngelixa bekusoloko kukho izinto ezingafaniyo kulo mkhethe kwihlabathi eliququzelela uluntu - kwaye ngelixa ezinye iinethiwekhi, kubandakanywa i-ACORN, zineendibano zonyulo zexesha elide - ukugqiba ukungena kulo mmandla kubandakanya ukuhlengahlengiswa okuphawulekayo kweZenzo zaBantu. “Yayilutshintsho olukhulu,” utshilo uGoehl. "Sigqibe kwelokuba kudala sivumela unyulo lwenzeke kuthi, kwaye siza kulwenza lwenzeke kuthi." Njengenxalenye yale nkqubo, imibutho engamalungu iseke amaqabane angama-501(c)4, anokuqinisekisa ngokusesikweni abagqatswa. Ngomjikelo ka-2018, iPeople's Action kunye namahlakani ayo karhulumente bebebandakanyeka kumakhulu eentlanga, kwaye baye bancedisa. win izihlalo kukhuphiswano oluninzi lweCongress, 10 kugqatso lwegubernatorial, 115 imidyarho yokuvotela phantsi kunye namanyathelo okuvota ali-10. Ngo-2021, iqela IiPolitiko zeNtshukumo Inkqubo-eyayilwe kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili-yayiqeqeshe ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 yeenkokheli ezisezantsi ukuba ziqhubele iofisi okanye zilawule amaphulo, kwaye yayithatha ubuncinci betyala ekunyuleni. Ngaphezu kwe400 amagosa kwilizwe jikelele.
Ulonyulo oluphumeleleyo luye lwavelisa uluhlu olutsha lweengxaki. “Kube kuhle,” utshilo uGoehl. "Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ngokukhawuleza siye sabalekela kumava okunyula abantu abaqhubela phambili, ngaphandle kokuba kube neziphumo ezininzi. Sifumanise ukuba kufuneka sibe nesicwangciso esicacileyo sento esiyakhayo ngabantu esibanyulileyo. ” Oku kukhuthaze ukuntywila nzulu kwiimbono malunga “igunya lokulawula” kunye nolawulo oluhlangeneyo ekugqibeleni.
“Eli gama ngokwalo alizange libekho ngo-2017… ubhala Umququzeleli wabahlali ixesha elide uDavid Hatch, owayesakuba ngumlawuli weReclaim Chicago kunye nomseki weThe People's Lobby. Ukusukela ngoko, iPeople's Actions affiliates - ingakumbi, abameli baseMinnesota, Colorado naseChicago - bebengabo abaqhubi abakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukwamkelwa kweengqikelelo zolawulo lobambiswano.
Ukuqwalaselwa kombono, nangona kunjalo, akuphelelanga kwiindawo eziququzelela uluntu. Enyanisweni, ukunyuka kwayo ekuthandeni kunento yokwenza nokutshintsha okubanzi kwi-US ekhohlo, ekhuthazwa kakhulu ngumongameli we-2016 oqhutywa nguSen. Bernie Sanders. Umzekelo womgqatswa ochongwe ngokuphandle njengobusoshiyali bedemokhrasi, uqhube iphulo elingenazintloni ngokuchasene nepesenti enye yelizwe kwaye waphumelela amazwe aphambili angama-1 - ukusuka eMaine ukuya eNebraska ukuya eWest Virginia - ucebise ukuba kunokwenzeka kwezinye iidrives eziqhubekayo, ngakumbi kwinqanaba lendawo. . Sanders, obesisithethi ku Iindibano zeZenzo zaBantu, yaphembelela loo ntshukumo yothungelwano kunyulo. "UBernie wafika kwindawo, kwaye yaqala ukuba namandla ngakumbi ekuqeshweni kwethu," utshilo uGoehl. “Kwindibano yethu elandelayo, saba nabantu abamalunga ne-100 abasuka kumakhaya akumgangatho ophantsi nabakumgangatho ophantsi besithi baza kungenela isikhundla. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yaba sisiphango esangena saza savuthuza.”
Impembelelo kaBernie ayizange iphelele kwinethiwekhi enye. Iphulo leSanders libangele ukwanda okukhulu yeDemocratic Socialists of America, okanye iDSA, kunye nokuzibophelela ngokuphindwe kabini phakathi kweqela ekwenzeni umsebenzi wonyulo. Oku, kudityaniswe nokukhula okuqhubekayo kwamaqela akhoyo anje ngeQela leeNtsapho eziSebenzayo kunye nokunyuka kwamatsha aquka i-Revolution Yethu, i-Justice Democrats kunye ne-Way to Win, kwakuthetha ukuba i-progressives ingena kwi-fruy nge-intensity engabonwanga kwimemori yakutshanje.
ULeo Panitch, isazinzulu sezopolitiko ongasekhoyo kunye nomhleli we Irejista yeSocialist, yabonisa ukuba imele utshintsho kwisimo sasekhohlo kude nengqiqo ecacileyo ye-anarchist eyayikho kumashumi eminyaka emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yomlomo. "Ukususela kuqhanqalazo oluchasene nehlabathi jikelele ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ukuya ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza kwe-Occupy Wall Street ... isimo sengqondo esixhaphakileyo sibonakalise ukukrokrela okuxhaphakileyo, ukuba asikuthandi, nasiphi na isicwangciso sezopolitiko esibandakanya ukuya kurhulumente," uPanitch. wabhala. "Kwaye ke, ngequbuliso, kwabonakala ngathi kukho ukuqonda okuxhaphakileyo ukuba ungaqhankqalaza de kuphele isihogo, kodwa awuzukutshintsha umhlaba ngolo hlobo."
Ngovukelo lonyulo eSpain naseGrisi, kunye nokuqhutywa nguJeremy Corbyn e-UK naseSanders eUnited States, umoya olawulayo watshintsha. Ukonyuka kocalucalulo kwipolitiki yeqela lase-US kuye kwawukhuthaza ngakumbi lo mkhwa: Kumaxesha ahlukanisiweyo, amagosa anyuliweyo athambekele ngakumbi kubaxhasi bawo abathetha kakhulu, endaweni yokucinga "umvoti ophakathi" oqhuba amaqhinga "wonxantathu". Kwaye ke abapolitiki abaqhubela phambili balungele ukubuyisela umdla kwisiseko sombutho wentlalo kunye nokonwabisa ingcamango "yolawulo oluhlangeneyo" ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili.
Ingcamango yolawulo oluhlangeneyo inceda umngeni kwimbono yamandla ebona abezopolitiko bezenzela ngokwabo, ngokusekelwe kwingqiqo yabo efanelekileyo kunye neenkolelo zabo.
Kwicala layo, iinzame ze-DSA zikhokelele kwelona nani likhulu lamasoshiyali anyuliweyo kwisithuba esingaphezu kwenkulungwane. Namhlanje ngaphezu kwe-120 DSA amalungu babambe izikhundla kwilizwe lonke, ukusuka kumalungu aphezulu e-squad (njengama-US Reps. Rashida Tlaib kunye no-Jamaal Bowman) ukuya kubagcini bemali bengingqi kunye namalungu eekhomishini zokucwangcisa zendawo. Amalungu ebhunga lesixeko aphunyezwe yi-DSA ngoku bambe isikhundla ngaphezulu kweshumi elinesibini loomasipala base-US. Ayimangalisi ke into yokuba, njengoko uninzi lwamaphulo onyulo lubandakanya imanyano yabaxhasi, kukho ukudityaniswa okubalulekileyo phakathi kwezi mpumelelo kunye nezo zibango yi-Working Families Party, iRevolution yethu, iPeople's Action, iSunrise Movement kunye namanye amaqela anenkqubela. Ngoko ke, ngelixa ubungakanani beqela ngalinye elisebenzisa ulwimi lolawulo lobambiswano lwahluka, kukho ukuchitheka okubalulekileyo kwiingxoxo ezenzeka kuyo yonke imibutho.
Onke la maqela kufuneka ajijisane nemiba efanayo, nesandul’ ukungxamiseka, yendlela yokunxibelelana nabagqatswa abavukelayo xa besuka ekubeni babe ngabagqatswa bangaphandle besiya kumagosa ahleli phantsi. Njengentatheli uRebecca Burns kutshanje wabhala in Ngale maxesha, “Ngaphambi kogqatso lukaMongameli uSen. Bernie Sanders ngo-2016, umbuzo wokuba uninzi lwamasoshiyali lungenza ntoni ukuba unyulo lwalungengombuzo ongathandabuzekiyo.” Ngoku, yinto ecinezelayo.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulungelelwaniso phakathi kweentshukumo kunye nabagqatswa belusondele kakhulu kwipolitiki yedolophu, kodwa ulwazi ngezenzo zolawulo lobambiswano luye lwahluzwa lwaya kufikelela kwinqanaba lomdibaniso, lufumana unyawo phakathi kwamalungu eCongressional Progressive Caucus, abasebenzi babo kunye namaziko amanyeneyo. “Xa sasisenza umsitho namalungu eCongress, iqela labasebenzi base-Hill, kunye neenkokeli zemibutho, bonke babesebenzisa olo lwimi kwaye bethetha ngokunxibelelana ngaphakathi nangaphandle,” utshilo uLeah Hunt-Hendrix, indlela yokuPhumelela umseki. , ephawula ngomsebenzi wentlangano kwesi kwindla. "Le ncoko kunye nobudlelwane buqhubele phambili kakhulu, ngakumbi kulo nyaka uphelileyo."
Ukusebenzisa umzuzu wentshukumo kwipolitiki yonyulo, amaqela aphantsi asebenza ukuchasana neenzame zokuphembelela ezopolitiko. Njengoko abaninzi baye baqaphela, kunokuthiwa ukuba ulawulo-ntsebenziswano sele luyinto eqhelekileyo - kodwa kuphela phakathi kwezityebi kunye nabanamandla. “Enye yeendlela ezicacileyo esiye sabona ukubambisana phakathi kwamagosa anyuliweyo kunye namaqumrhu okanye abaphuhlisi, abantu abanemali,” utshilo uBahieh Hartshorn, umququzeleli osebenze nePeople's Action kunye neTakeAction Minnesota, inqanaba layo likarhulumente. indibaniselwano. U-Hartshorn uphawula ukuba abameli beshishini abanjalo ngabo abanxibelelana nabasebenzi kwaye babhale isicatshulwa samatyala.
UMaurice Mitchell we-Working Families Party uye waphinda lo luvo: “Abezopolitiko banamava amaninzi ngolawulo oluhlangeneyo, kodwa ngokubanzi lulawulo oluhlangeneyo nongxowankulu,” utshilo. xelelwe Ibamba. "Ke, eneneni, le nto sithetha ngayo kukutshintsha ubudlelwane bolawulo ebantwini."
Iingxaki ezindala, incoko entsha
Ngaba "ulawulo-ndawonye" lubonisa utshintsho lokwenene kwindlela imibutho yezentlalo esondela ngayo kurhulumente?
Kwabanye, ulawulo oluhlangeneyo luyinkcazo yombono, kunokuba iseti esele ikhona yezenzo okanye ubudlelwane. Ngamanye amaxesha, eli gama linokuziva ngathi luvavanyo lwe-Rorschach, iseti engacacanga yemigaqo eqhubekayo ehlala ivulekele ukutolika okwahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa kubasebenzi bezopolitiko abaqhubela phambili abajijisana nale miba amashumi eminyaka, umahluko obonakalayo phakathi koburhulumente obuhlangeneyo kunye neemodeli esele zimiselwe "zokuphembelela" okanye "ukuphendula" unokubonakala ungacacanga.
Isidingo seentshukumo zokubona indlela yokujongana namagosa anyuliweyo asinto intsha, kunjalo, kwaye sele ikhona yangaphambili imizamo ukucacisa indlela iintshukumo ezifunekayo ukucinga malunga nokusebenzisa ngokwenene amandla. “Ibinzana esalisebenzisa kwiminyaka yoo-90s 'yayisuka kwisikhalazo ukuya kulawulo,'” utsho uDan Cantor, omnye wabaseki beWorking Families Party.
Ngaphaya koko, iintshukumo ezithile zineembali ezinde zokubandakanyeka kwezopolitiko zonyulo - umsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo ungumzekelo obalaseleyo. Ukuziqhelanisa neemanyano zokuxhasa inkxaso, imali kunye nenkxaso yamavolontiya ukuze kuzuze amandla ezopolitiko kwezopolitiko kubenze baba yinxalenye yesiseko sabaxhasi beDemocratic Party. Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, kukho ezininzi mi zekelo Amabhunga emisebenzi angundoqo abe ngabaxhasi bezopolitiko kwinqanaba likamasipala, ngamanye amaxesha aqhube amagosa ombutho okanye iinkokeli zezikhundla zoluntu kwaye aphumelele.
Nangona kusaziwa oko kwandulelayo, kukho ingxoxo entle yokuba ukutyhalela phambili kulawulo lobambiswano kwenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kwingxoxo yezopolitiko ekhoyo ngoku. Ezine ziphawuleka ngokukhethekileyo.
Okokuqala, amaqela aququzelela uluntu enze ingxoxo kawonke-wonke yezinto eziguquguqukayo eziye zishiyeke zifikelele kwiingcinga zezopolitiko kunye neenkokeli ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu. Endaweni yokuba nombutho wezopolitiko umlawuli olawula ubudlelwane kunye nabezopolitiko, njengoko kunokuba njalo, indlela yolawulo lokubambisana ibe kukubandakanya isiseko sonke. "Sithumela abantu ngezopolitiko zeveki kunye noqeqesho lolawulo oludibeneyo," utshilo uGoehl. “Sinekharityhulamu kuyo. Ke, ngokuqinisekileyo, sikholelwa kakhulu ekuqeqesheni amajoni. ”
Ububanzi obungaqhelekanga bale ngxoxo bube negalelo kumbhobho owomeleleyo wabathathi-nxaxheba bentshukumo yenqanaba nefayile abakhetha ukungenela isikhundla. Kwaye oku kuthungelana negalelo lesibini elibalulekileyo elenziwe ngabathetheleli bangoku bolawulo ngokubambisana: Banyanzele abezopolitiko ngokwabo ukuba babandakanyeke kwingxoxo malunga nesidingo sobudlelwane obubambekayo kunye nemibutho ephantsi. “Kuzo zonke iikhweshine zethu malunga nokuhlolwa, nakwiiforam zethu zabagqatswa, siqalisile ukubabuza ukuba bazibona njani besebenzisana neentshukumo zethu,” utshilo uBahieh Hartshorn. “Kulapho ndaqala khona ukubona amagosa anyuliweyo eMinnesota elisebenzisa kakhulu elo gama kuncwadi lwawo lwephulo nakwiintetho zesiphunzi. Kwaye ngelo xesha ekwabelwana ngalo, sinokuqala ukwakha isakhelo sokuba ubudlelwane buya kujongeka njani. ”
Akumangalisi ukuba, ukuzibophelela kulawulo lobambiswano kunamandla phakathi kwabaviwa abavela ngokuthe ngqo kwimigangatho yombutho kwaye baqhube uqeqesho yimibutho yoluntu. Ezi nkokeli zikhethwa kakhulu kubantu bangaphandle abanamabhongo beza kumaqela asezantsi ukuza kufuna imvume emva kokuba sele begqibe ekubeni baqhube, beqhutywa ziimbono eziqhelekileyo zento eyenza igosa elinyuliweyo elifanelekileyo- kwaye, ngokwesiqhelo, kukuzixabisa. Kodwa naphakathi kwamathemba ezopolitiko asemgangathweni afuna ukuvunywa, ingqikelelo yolawulo ngokubambisana inceda umngeni kwimbono yamandla ebona abezopolitiko bezenzela ngokwabo, ngesiseko sogwebo lwabo oluhle kunye neenkolelo zabo zobuqu. Kunoko, igxininisa kwimikhosi elungelelanisiweyo eyenza indlela yokulawula okwenzekayo kwaye ikhumbuza abezopolitiko ngokuzibophezela kwabo kubantu ababanyulileyo. Ethetha ngamava akhe ne-People's Lobby yaseChicago, uHatch wongeza, “Sibuze lo mbuzo abezopolitiko: 'Ngaba uya kugcina ingxelo yokuba lingakanani ixesha olichitha kunye nabaxhasi kwaye uzibophelele ekuchitheni ixesha elilinganayo nabantu basekuhlaleni. Uyabulaleka? Asizange sikunyanzelise oko. Kodwa bendicinga ukuba licebo elihle elo.”
Igalelo lesithathu lolawulo lobambiswano kukuba likhuthaza iintshukumo ukuba zilandele isimo sengqondo esincinci sentengiselwano kumandla onyulo. Ngelixa iiyuniyoni kunye namanye amaqela anenkqubela asebenzisa izihlunu zezopolitiko ngokuqhelekileyo egxile kwiseti emxinwa yemibuzo yomthetho, ulawulo oluhlangeneyo lujolise kumbono obanzi. “Okwahlukileyo kukuba siyavumelana ngesicwangciso-qhinga sexesha elide, ngokuchasene 'nendlela esiza kuyiphumeza ngayo eli tyala,'” utshilo uGoehl. "Kwaye senza isivumelwano malunga noko kufuneka kwakhiwe ukwenza esi sicwangciso."
Okokugqibela, impembelelo yolawulo olumanyeneyo ikhuthaze iinzame zokutyebisa iingxoxo malunga nendlela imibutho ecinga ngayo ngomsebenzi wabo wonyulo. Abameli baveze iikhonsepthi ezintsha kwaye benza iinkcazo eziluncedo: Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba “Itswele laMandla,” umzekelo, yahlula phakathi kweemeko apho iintshukumo zinokufikelela khona — nto leyo ethetha ukukwazi ukufumana iintlanganiso negosa likarhulumente mhlawumbi nokwabelana ngolwazi — nempembelelo, apho intshukumo “ifumana umnxeba NGAPHAMBI [ku]nziwe isigqibo” kwaye ibe nento ethile. ukukwazi ukuchaphazela umphumo. Ukufikelela kunika ukukhohlisa okuyingozi kwamandla, kodwa enyanisweni kuyasilela kakhulu kuyo. Impembelelo ikhethwa kakhulu, kodwa isencinci kakhulu kunobudlelwane bokwenyani bolawulo, obufuna inqanaba elinzulu kakhulu lolungelelwaniso.
Ngokuchonga iingxaki ezivela kulawulo oluhlangeneyo kunye nokuzama ukujongana nazo ngeendlela ezilungileyo ezidibeneyo, abaququzeleli benza ithiyori malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kweentshukumo kunye nezopolitiko abancedisayo ukubanyula - nokuba benza le theory ngendlela engaqhelekanga. UGeohl uthi: “Sikholelwa kwinto esiyibiza ngokuba 'Hamba, Setha, Ulungele.' "Sizama into, sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni, kwaye siya kufunda ngokukhawuleza kuyo." Kwifashoni yendalo, iNtshukumo yaBantu kunye namahlakani abo basebenzela ukuphuhlisa nokucokisa izimvo zentshukumo ezivelayo ekuphenduleni iingxaki zehlabathi zokwenyani. Ikharityhulamu entsha kunye noqeqesho lwenza ngokusesikweni kwaye lusasaze oko kufundiweyo, ukuguqula ubuchwephesha bangaphakathi bube bulwazi ekwabelwana ngalo ngokubanzi.
“EMinnesota, siyibonile indlela ulawulo olumanyeneyo oludale ngayo ulwimi ekwabelwana ngalo ukuba intshukumo kunye nabanyuliweyo banokulusebenzisa,” utshilo uHartshorn. Iintshukumo kudala zijijisana ngendlela yokubeka iintshatsheli zazo kwizikhundla zolawulo, kunye nendlela yokulawula ubudlelwane nabo bameli xa sele behleli eburhulumenteni. Uninzi lweentshukumo kunye nobunzima baloo msebenzi ayikatshintshi namhlanje. Ukanti kugxininiso lwabo lwangoku lolawulo oluhlangeneyo, abaququzeleli bathabatha inyathelo lokuseka isigama esiqhelekileyo esinokongeza into entsha kwiintshukumo zentshukumo yoluntu. Njengoko olo lwimi lunwenwa kwilizwe lonke, luphembelela incoko ehambelana nomzuzu wezopolitiko apho imibutho yezentlalo ingena kukhuphiswano lonyulo kwaye iphonononga okunokwenzeka kwamandla angaphakathi ngendlela ezinikele ngakumbi kunamashumi eminyaka.
“Asikayazi indlela yokulawula ngokubambisana,” utshilo uGoehl. "Kodwa siqinisekile ukuba kufuneka siyiqonde."
Uncedo lophando olunikezelwe nguCeleste Pepitone-Nahas.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
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