UTarek Loubani noJohn Greyson bakhululekile, logama amakhulu abanye ababanjiweyo nabo basesejele. Umtshutshisi wathembisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba โabantu baseKhanada ababiniโ baza kuphathwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabanye abayi-600 ababevalelwe ngaxeshanye. Kodwa ekugqibeleni wabakhulula abantu baseKhanada abafanayo ngelixa abanye behlala bevalelwe. Asazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye eyenza umahluko kwimeko yabo, kodwa zininzi izinto uTarek noJohn ababezihambele abanye abangazenziyo. Eli nqaku liza kuxubusha ngezinye zezi zinto, lichaze ngemeko yezobupolitika yokubanjwa kwabo, lize lichaze ezinye zezigqibo ezenziwa ngabo babezama ukubakhulula.
Iphulo lokukhulula uTarek noJohn lalifuna uxinzelelo lwaseNtshona eYiputa. Ayingomgaqo-nkqubo wonxibelelwano olucacileyo, olunokuthi lube lula, kodwa imiqondiso ethembekileyo yokuba iziphumo zorhwebo kunye nezozakuzo zaziselundini. Oku akuyi kudlala kuphela kubudlelwane bamazwe amabini eCanada-Egypt, kodwa nakubudlelwane obubanzi phakathi kwe-Egypt neNtshona (ngaphezu kwayo yonke into, i-US).
Umxholo wezopolitiko wamazwe ngamazwe uthintele iphulo lokukhulula uTarek noJohn. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubudlelwane phakathi kweNtshona kunye neYiputa kwimiba emibini engundoqo: 1) ingxabano ye-Israel-Palestine kunye nokungqingwa kweGaza, kunye ne-2) ukunyanzeliswa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nentando yesininzi kwimida yaseYiputa.
IYiputa, iNtshona, i-Israel, kunye namaPalestina
UTarek noJohn babanjwa eYiputa, kodwa babengekho eYiputa ngenxa yokuba babenesikhundla kwizopolitiko zaseYiputa. Babesendleleni eya eGaza, ummandla wasePalestina ongqingiweyo nowexulweyo.[1] Kwiintsuku zangaphambili emva kokubanjwa kwabo, abanye abantu babuza ukuba kutheni, ukuba babesiya eGaza, bengazange basuke babhabhe kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya saseGaza? Kodwa i-Israel yasitshabalalisa isikhululo seenqwelomoya saseGaza ngo-2001, kwiminyaka emithathu emva kokuvulwa kwayo ngo-1998, ngokusiqhumisa ibhombu emoyeni, yasidiliza ngeebulldozers kunyaka olandelayo. Ngoku i-Israel igcine ungqingo olungqingqwa eGaza, ibamba abantu basePalestine kwaye ithintela ukuhamba kwezinto kunye neendwendwe, kubandakanya ogqirha, abenzi befilimu, kunye naye wonke umntu. IGaza ikwangumda we-Egypt, urhulumente wayo anokubonelela ngesiqabu kungqingo, kodwa endaweni yoko yamkele indima njengeqabane lesibini ku-Israel ekuyigcineni. Sekunjalo, uTarek wayekhokele iimishini zonyango eGaza evela eYiputa ngaphambili, efumana zonke iimvume eziyimfuneko ezivela eYiputa ukuba enze njalo njengakule meko, kwaye uTarek noJohn babenethuba elingcono lokungena eGaza bevela eYiputa kunokuba babeya kwaSirayeli.
Umkhosi waseYiputa liqabane elibalulekileyo laseNtshona kuMbindi Mpuma, kwaye umanyano lufumana i-Egypt i-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kuncedo lonyaka lwase-US. Eli nqanaba loncedo lelesibini kuphela kuncedo lwase-US ku-Israyeli, kwaye akwenzekanga nje kwaphela: Isabelo seJiphutha sixhomekeke kwintsebenziswano yayo noSirayeli. Uncedo luhamba ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Camp David Accords kunye "noxolo olwahlukileyo" lwe-1978-9, olwenziwe phantsi kwe-Mubarak yangaphambili, u-Anwar Sadat. Ezi zivumelwano ziye zabumba ungquzulwano lwe-Israel-Palestine ukusukela ngoko. Ngokususa iJiphutha kungquzulwano, i-US yavula indlela yokuba uSirayeli ahlasele amaPalestine eLebhanon, oko kwafikelela kuvutho-ndaba ngohlaselo luka-1982, kwaye yanciphisa umsebenzi we-Israel wokugcina umkhosi womkhosi kummandla wasePalestina (ngokuchasene noqhanqalazo lwasePalestina kunye nokugwetywa kwamazwe ngamazwe). Ikwafumene umhlobo obalulekileyo wengingqi ukuxhasa ulawulo lwediplomacy yase-US ePalestine.
Ku-Israyeli kunye nabaninzi ababambisene nabo eNtshona, ingqiqo ayifihlwanga: Idemokhrasi yase-Egypt ayihambelani nezopolitiko zomfelandawonye weCamp David. Ukuhlala kunye nokungqingwa kwePalestine akuthandeki eJiphutha, kwaye iJiphutha yedemokhrasi ayinakuze iyixhase. KuSirayeli nakwiNtshona, ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwaseJiphutha luvelisa isikhundla esingcono samaJiphutha ngokuhlala nongqingo lwamaSirayeli.
Ubunkokeli bakwa-Israel bukhusela esidlangalaleni ulawulo lobuzwilakhe eYiputa, kwaye hayi ngaphandle kwesizathu. Njengoko uthethathethwano lwe-Israel-Palestinian ngoo-1990 luye lwacaca ngakumbi nangakumbi ukhuseleko lokuhlala kukaSirayeli, urhulumente wase-Egypt Mubarak, igqala lomxumi wezopolitiko โzenkqubo yoxoloโ yase-US, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kumboniso oququzelelwe yi-US. Xa "umkhondo we-Israel-Palestinian" wawa ngo-2000 kwaye i-Intifada yesiBini yaqala, yayiyiYiputa, kunye neJordani, eyayisebenza kwiNgqungquthela yaseCairo ukugcina abantu basePalestina bebodwa kwinkxaso yokwenene yengingqi.[2] Kwaye kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, i-Egypt ibambisene ngokuthe ngqo no-Israyeli ekungqingweni kweGaza, eyathi yanyanzeliswa yi-Egypt ngokungenalusini nangexesha leentsuku ezingama-23 zohlaselo lwamaSirayeli ngo-2008-9 (โOperation Cast Leadโ).
Ayisiyiyo imeko kuphela ukusukela oko kulawulo luka-Anwar Sadat, ugunyaziso lomkhosi wase-Egypt lwafumana eyona nxalenye inkulu yodumo lwalo olusemthethweni eNtshona ekusondeleni kwabo kwaSirayeli. Kukwanokuba kwipolitiki ebonakalayo yolungelelwaniso lwe-Egypt-Israel, imigca ephambili yothethelelo loluntu egameni le-Egypt eNtshona ijongwa ikakhulu ngamagqwetha akwaSirayeli.
Oku kuye kwacaca ngakumbi kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo. Abaninzi ababukeleyo babethuswa ngokunyanzeliswa kuka-Agasti 2013, kubandakanywa nokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi uTarek noJohn babona kunye nokubanjwa kwabantu abaninzi apho batshayelwa khona. Indawo yedemokhrasi eyayivulwe yimvukelo ka-2011 eyakhupha uMubarak, yayibonakala ivalwe ngogonyamelo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, u-Israel, owabukela ukugxothwa kuka-Mubarak ngo-2011 ngenkxalabo yoluntu, [3] ukususela ngo-Agasti wayedlala i-diplomatic advocate kwi-junta entsha yaseYiputa.
Kwiingxoxo namagosa ase-US ngo-Agasti, uSirayeli wacinezela ityala le-junta, ebongoza i-US ukuba igcine umkhosi kunye nolunye uncedo oluqulunqwe ngumyalelo weCamp David.[4] Kwaye lo mgca wobhengezo uyaqhubeka ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. I-New York Times ye-10 ka-Okthobha icaphula igosa lakwa-Israel lisithi ukuba i-US izama ukuzikhupha kwingcinezelo ye-junta ehlazisayo ngokunciphisa uncedo lomkhosi, "abantu baya kuyibona njenge-United States ilahla umhlobo." Inkulumbuso uNetanyahu yongeza ukuba intsebenziswano yaseJiphutha kunye noSirayeli "isekelwe kuncedo lwaseMelika eYiphutha, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kuthi eyona nto iphambili kuqwalaselwa". Yiyo loo nto u-Israyeli elwa esidlangalaleni nkqu nokusikeka kwezithambiso kuncedo lomkhosi wase-US.
UTarek noJohn babenqwenela ukuya eGaza, bengafuni ukuhamba kunye nokuzimela kunye nokuphazamiseka kwendawo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko zokungqingwa kwangoku, abantu abazama ukuya eGaza kufuneka bahambe ngeYiputa. Ngelishwa, babehamba ngexesha elinzima, xa ukuthatha inxaxheba kweYiputa ekungqingweni kwakubuyela kwincopho yayo kwiminyaka yokugqibela yolawulo lukaMubarak. Kulo mongo bazifumana bengakwazi ukuya eGaza ngo-Agasti 15, bahlala eCairo de kwango-Agasti 16, xa beya eRamses Square.
Ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwaseNtshona kunye naseYiputa
Izopolitiko zamazwe ngamazwe zaseYiputa kunye ne-Israel / Palestine zathintela uTarek noJohn ukuba bafike eGaza. Ipolitiki yasekhaya ye revolution yaseYiputa yababona babona imbubhiso.
I-US ichaza esidlangalaleni ukuba ikhuthaza idemokhrasi e-Egypt, kodwa ipateni ukusukela kwiintsuku zokuqala zokubandakanyeka kwe-US kulo mmandla ibeyenye yenkxaso yobuzwilakhe. NgoJulayi 1952, โAmagosa Akhululekileyoโ abhukuqa ubukhosi baseYiputa. Xa amaGosa eFree axhoma iinkokeli zoqhankqalazo luka-Agasti lwabasebenzi beempahla e-Kafr el-Dawwar, i-US yamkele oku njengomqondiso wokuba ulawulo olutsha aluyi kuvumela abasebenzi kunye nabalimi ukuba baguqule ukubhukuqwa kobukhosi kwi-revolution yentlalo jikelele. [6] Amajingi โatywine imvume yase-US yamaGosa aSimahla,โ njengoko omnye umfundi waseBritani ebhale kutshanje.[7] Amagosa ozakuzo wase-US ayenehlombe, kwaye uSosiba weLizwe uDean Acheson kungekudala wathembisa iYiputa โngobuhlobo obukhoyo beUnited States.โ[8]
Kodwa kungekudala, uMongameli waseYiputa uGamal Abdel Nasser waqalisa ukuchasa ulwalathiso lwezoqoqosho lwaseNtshona kunye nezivumelwano zomkhosi zeMfazwe Yomlomo, yaza iYiputa yazifumanisa ingqubana neNtshona. Umkhosi kaNasser woyiswa nguSirayeli ngo-1967, waza wafa ngo-1970, waza walandelwa ngu-Anwar Sadat. Emva kwemfazwe yowe-1973 phakathi kwe-Egypt kunye ne-Israel, i-United States yenza uxolo olwathi lwanika inkxaso enkulu emva komkhosi waseYiputa. Imeko engachazwanga yaloo nkxaso yayikukuba umkhosi ukususela ngoku wawuza kusetyenziswa kuphela ngaphakathi kwemida yaseYiphutha, kwaye kuphela kubemi baseYiputa. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yee-1970s, zombini i-US ne-Egypt ziye zazalisekisa iziphelo zabo zentengiso. Ungenelelo lomkhosi ngokuchasene "nezidubedube zesonka" ekuqaleni kuka-1977, eziye zaphenjelelwa kukuphunyezwa kwe-Sadat yezindululo ze-IMF zokucutha uncediso-mali kwizinto ezisisiseko zabathengi, misela umzekelo osisiseko.[9]
Emva kokubulawa kukaSadat, ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lwacokiswa nguHosni Mubarak, nowalawula eli lizwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Wagxothwa ludushe oludumileyo ngo-30, kodwa amacandelo olawulo lobuzwilakhe, kwiofisi yesebe, kwishishini, kubudlelwane namazwe angaphandle, kunye nenkcubeko, akazange ancothulwe. Endaweni yoko, inkqubo yomgaqo-siseko kunye nonyulo lwenzeka phantsi kweliso loMkhosi. Owona mkhosi ulungelelanisiweyo, uBuzalwane bamaMuslim, ukwazile ukuphumelela ukubamba amandla ngohlobo oluthile lokumanyana noMkhosi, kodwa wangqineka ungathandwa kakhulu. I-Muslim Brotherhood, nayo, yabhukuqwa ngoJuni 2011, kunye noqhanqalazo olukhulu oluchasene nolawulo lwayo, kwaye uMkhosi wabuyela kulawulo oluthe ngqo.[30]
Abaninzi ababona ngaphandle bacinga ukuba kulo mzuzu, ababonisi abathatha inyathelo lokubhukuqa uMubarak kwi-2011 baya kugcina inyathelo emva kokubhukuqa uMorsi kwi-2013.
Endaweni yoko, kwabakho ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaphalaza igazi, uninzi lwamalungu edemokhrasi kwezentlalo lwathi cwaka, ezinye iinkokeli zedemokhrasi zentlalo-ntle zajoyina urhulumente wasemkhosini, kunye nabo babechasa ubhukuqo-mbuso (kubandakanywa noBuzalwane bamaSilamsi, kodwa nabanye ngokunjalo) bejongene nezinye zezona ndyikitya zokufa kwabantu. ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo kwimbali yaseYiputa. Ukubulawa kwabantu kubi kunabo bonke kwakungo-Agasti 14, ngelixa uTarek noJohn babesendleleni eya eYiputa, kwaye intlawulo yayo, ngoku siyazi, yayimalunga ne-1000 yabantu ababhubhileyo.
Ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi bubuchule bokugrogrisa abantu ukuba bangeniswe, kodwa ulawulo lobuzwilakhe lukaMubarak, uninzi lwabasebenzi bakhe babuyileyo ngoku, lwaphuhlisa ezinye iindlela zobuchule kule minyaka idlulileyo, abathi bazisebenzisa-kwaye uTarek noJohn nabo babanjwa. .
Iindlela zobuzwilakhe
Kule minyaka ingamashumi - kwaye njengoko sizifundele ngokwethu kwezi nyanga zimbini zidlulileyo - ubuzwilakhe buphuhlise uluhlu olubanzi lweendlela zokulwa ngokwasengqondweni zokulawula uluntu. Isebenzisa obu buchule ukugrogrisa, ukukhohlisa, nokufaka uloyiko nokuthobela. Obona buchule bucacileyo, obubona uTarek noJohn, kukubulawa kwabantu, sele kuxoxiwe. Ukongeza, kukho ezinye ezininzi.
Ukuqokelelwa kobuninzi. UTarek noJohn badibana nabanye abaninzi ababanjiweyo abathi, njengabo, babanjwa emva komboniso, kwiindawo zokujonga okanye ezindlini zabo. Ukuhlanganisa inani elikhulu lamabanjwa kunye nokuphosa izityholo ezininzi kulo lonke iqela, ulawulo lobuzwilakhe luyakwazi ukuhlwayela amathandabuzo esidlangalaleni malunga nabavalelweyo, ukungcolisa igama labo, ukutshabalalisa amagama abo, kunye nokwenza kube nzima ukuba bafumane ummeli osemthethweni. . I-Massa roundups ineendlela ezimbini ezongezelelweyo zokusetyenziswa. Okokuqala, babonelela ngezihloko ezizinzileyo malunga 'nabanqolobi' kunye nomlo womkhosi ngokuchasene nolu tshaba lwasekhaya. Okwesibini, izihlwele zabemi zixakeke kukuzama ukumelana nokuba nabantu esibathandayo ngaphaya kwezitshixo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukulungelelanisa okanye ukucinga inkcaso kurhulumente.
โIkomiti yolwamkeloโ. UTarek noJohn bachaza ukubetha kwabo ngokweenkcukacha ezininzi. Abo babewabetha babeqeqeshwe kakuhle. Baye bagwema iindawo zobuso eziza kushiya ukulimala okubonakalayo kunye nezintso ezijoliswe kuyo kunye nomva ukwenzela ukuba zenze intlungu enkulu ngaphandle komonakalo obonakalayo. Xa uTarek noJohn bezama ukubona ugqirha okokuqala, bathunyelwa ugqirha wezempi, kwaye emva kokuqhankqalaza bakwazi ukufumana ugqirha ozimeleyo ukuba alungiselele ingxelo yonyango yokuxhatshazwa kwabo ezandleni zabaphathi baseYiputa. Loo ngxelo ngoku ikwizandla zeSebe leMicimbi yezaNgaphandle laseKhanada, iDFATD. Obu yayibubunewunewu obungafumanekiyo kuninzi lwamaJiphutha. Ukubetha kokuqala, ukuthotywa, i-hot-boxing, njl., Ziindlela zokumisela ukongamela, ukuphumelela nokuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa phakathi kwamabanjwa. Linyathelo elifutshane ngokwenene ukuphatha uluntu lonke ngolu hlobo.
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