U-Himanshu Kumar litsha-ntliziyo laseGandhian, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, babaleka iVanvasi Chetana Ashram eDantewada, eChhattisgarh iminyaka engama-22. Wafunda ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni lwe-adivasi (Gondi) kwaye wasebenza nge-Ashram ukunceda i-adivasis ukufikelela kumalungelo abo phantsi komthetho. Ukuqala ngo-2005, ngexesha lephulo lokubulala iSalwa Judum lamaqela e-vigilante ngokuchasene ne-adivasis ye-Bastar e-Chhattisgarh, u-Himanshu wasebenza ukuzama ukubuyisela abantu belali kumakhaya abo, ukuba abantu batyholwe ngobuxoki entolongweni, kwaye baphumelele ubulungisa kumaxhoba amapolisa kunye nobulungisa. ulwaphulo-mthetho olubukhali. Ashram yakhe ekugqibeleni bulldozed kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba bafudukele eDelhi, ukusuka apho uyaqhubeka ukuzama ukulandelela amatyala asemthethweni kunyango karhulumente adivasis. JUSTIN PODUR udlanโ indlebe naye apho ngoFebruwari 2013.
JP: Ukuqala kwam ukufika apha, wandixelela ukuba mhlawumbi uza kuvalelwa kungekudala. Mhlawumbi kufuneka siqale ngelo bali?
HK: Mandiqale ngelinye ibali. Ibali lakutshanje. Ngo-2006, amantombazana amane adlwengulwa ngamaPolisa aKhethekileyo (ii-SPO) awayesebenza njengeenkokeli zeSalwa Judum. La mantombazana aziswa kwiAshram, kwiziko lethu loncedo lwezomthetho, lulutsha lwaloo lali. Sazama ukufaka i-FIR (isikhalazo) kwisikhululo samapolisa eDantewada. Ngenxa yokuba abenzi bobubi yayizi-SPO, isikhalazo asizange sifakwe. Isicelo sabo sasisa kuNtsumpa wamaPolisa. Zange aphendule. Emva koko safudukela kwinkundla yaseKonta, iJMFC. Ijaji yabhala ingxelo yabo, yathatha ubungqina babantu abazibonela ngawabo amehlo namalungu entsapho, yaza yakhupha nezigunyaziso zokubamba. Lo mbandela wadluliselwa kwinkundla yaseDantewada.
Ngoxa kwakusenzeka oku, ndadibana noMphathiswa Wezangaphakathi, uP Chidambaram. Ndammema ukuba eze eDantewada kwaye adibane namaxhoba eSalwa Judum kunye neeSPO. Ndamxelela ukuba kubalulekile ukuba eze, ukuze abantu bakholwe ukuba urhulumente unenkathalo. Ngokuza, wayenokuthumela umyalezo wokuba inkqubo iyakhathala. Ndamnika iCD, enemibhalo, enobungqina bala mantombazana. UChidambaram wathembisa ukuza, kodwa akazange eze.
Kwiminyaka emithathu emva koko, ngomhla we-19 kuDisemba ka-2009, emva kokubona kungekho bulungisa kumatyala abo, la mantombazana, awayesele edlwengulwe, axhwilwa ngamapolisa. Bagcinwa kwisikhululo samaPolisa saseDornagal kwisithili saseSukma iintsuku ezintlanu, phambi kokuba babuyiselwe. Babesongelwa. Baxelelwa, unesibindi sokuthetha noHimanshu.
Ebudeni bezo ntsuku zintlanu, ndaqhagamshelana noChidambaram. Wathi, ayongxaki yam, thetha namagosa. Ndathetha noGK Pillai, unobhala weKhaya; Ndabiza uMlawuli Jikelele wamaPolisa eChhattisgarh; Ndafowunela iNtsumpa yamaPolisa yaseDantewada; Ndafowunela uMqokeleli waseDantewada. Akukho mntu wamncedayo.
Emva kokuba la mantombazana ebuyile, akazange avume ukuthetha nathi. Babesoyika, benomsindo. Sasibaqinisekisile ukuba siya kufumana ubulungisa. Soyisakala kabuhlungu, saza sababeka kweyona ngozi inkulu. Ndaphelelwa lithemba kwinkqubo.
JP: Ngo-2010, unike intetho apho ubuthe into oyifunayo kukuba idemokhrasi isebenzele izizwe. Uthe, idemokhrasi yaseIndiya ayinaxabiso ukuba ayinakusebenzela izizwe. Athini amava anjengala ngolo sukelo?
HK: Ukuba idemokhrasi iza kusinda, kufuneka isebenzele abona bemi basesichengeni. Ukuba ayisebenzi, asiyiyo idemokhrasi.
JP: Ukuba idemokhrasi ayisebenzi, ingaba indawo yokubhenela kumzabalazo wezixhobo iyaqondakala?
HK: Ndaqala ukuthi, ngoku ndiyaqonda, ngoku ndingakuxelela ukuba kutheni. Urhulumente wathi ndiyavelana nogonyamelo. Ndathi hayi andinasizi. Ndinika uhlalutyo lwam lokuba kutheni ezi zinto zisenzeka.
JP: Kuloo ntetho ka-2010 uphinde wathi inxenye yesizathu sokuba i-adivasis ibe sesichengeni kukuba babengawazi amalungelo abo phantsi komthetho. Kodwa kubaluleke kangakanani ukwazi umthetho ukuba urhulumente akawulandeli umthetho?
HK: Imeko yatshintsha kakhulu emva kweSalwa Judum ngo-2005. Ngaphambili, ithuba lokuzama ukuba urhulumente alandele umthetho lalikho. Emva kweSalwa Judum, yayiyinkqubo ehambele phambili ngakumbi yokuhlutha izixhobo, eyaba ngumsebenzi wokuqala wabalawuli, kwaye baqala ukudelela zonke iinkqubo zomgaqo-siseko, imithetho, iminqophiso, baqala nje ukuhlutha umhlaba ngeendlela zobundlobongela. Konke oku kuqonda ukuba sizama ukusasaza amalungelo abantu phantsi komthetho kwaba yinto engenamsebenzi.
Nanku umzekelo. Xa uKopa Kunjam, elinye lamatsha ntliziyo ethu e-Ashram, wabanjwa ngomhla wamalungelo oluntu ngamazwe ngamazwe (ngoDisemba 10 2009), wayebethwa kwisikhululo samapolisa. Igqwetha elisuka kwiHuman Rights Law Network, uAlban Topo, lazama ukungena kwigumbi lokuncinwa ukuze limkhaphe. Wathi akuzingisa uTopo, naye amapolisa ambetha aza amgcina ubusuku bonke. Ekuseni bamfumene ukuba atyikitye iphepha elichaza ukuba uzihlalele emapoliseni ngokuthanda kwakhe kuba wafika sekuhlwile. Emva koko wemka.
JP: Ndicinga ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa kwe-Ashram kwakungumzekelo.
HK: Khumbula ukuba saqala iAshram ngemvume karhulumente, kumhlaba karhulumente. Sathi xa siqala ukuphakamisa imibuzo ngohlaselo lukaSalwa Judum, udlwengulo, ukubulawa, ukutshiswa kweelali, urhulumente wavutha ngumsindo. Into yokuqala abayenzayo kukusithumelela isaziso sokuba iAshram yethu yayisisakhiwo esingekho mthethweni kumhlaba karhulumente. Saphendula ngokuphikisana, okokuqala, sanikwa imvume yokusebenza kumhlaba yiGram Sabha (indibano yelali emiselwe ngokusemthethweni), nakwiindawo zezizwe, ngokoMgaqo-siseko, ukuba iGram Sabha iphumeza isigqibo, iyabophelela. kurhulumente. Urhulumente akanako ukusibiza ngokungekho mthethweni kuba sinemvume yohlanga lweGram Sabha. Okwesibini, urhulumente wayengenangxaki nolwakhiwo lweAshram yethu kuyo yonke le minyaka xa sasifumene imvume karhulumente ngomsebenzi wethu. Kwenzeka njani ukuba ngequbuliso sibe semthethweni?
Urhulumente waphendula ngelithi lo mhlaba ngumhlaba wamahlathi kwaye awunakwabiwa. Saphendula sathi ngokwengxelo yomhlaba karhulumente, ngumhlaba onokulinywa. Baphendula bathi, hayi, imeko yomhlaba yatshintshwa ngowe-1996. Ngoko ndenza isicelo phantsi kweLungelo loLwazi malunga neengxelo zomhlaba. Bathi irekhodi alikho. Ndathi, akukho ngxaki, ikopi yesibini kufuneka ibe kwi-Revenue Office. Igosa lengeniso lathi ingxelo ka-1996, kanye ngaloo nyaka, yayilahlekile. Akukho ngxaki, ikopi yesithathu kufuneka ibe kunye nomgcini-mali welali (ebizwa ngokuba yiPatwari). UPatwari uphendule wathi irekhodi lika-1996 lalilahlekile kwiofisi yakhe. Ngoko siye saya enkundleni.
Sithe sisenkundleni, beza namabhuludoza, bayidiliza iAshram.
JP: Wazama ukuqhubeka nokusebenza emva koko?
HK: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Sasinendlu eqeshisayo eDantewada. Lo mqokeleli waya kumnini-ndlu, owayengumqeshwa karhulumente, wamxelela ukuba uya kuyekiswa emsebenzini ukuba uqhubeka esirenta. Baqhawula umbane endlwini yethu. Ngoko, samisa phantsi komthi saza sazama ukuqhubeka sisebenza. Amapolisa acela abantu belali ukuba bangahambi nathi, kungenjalo.
JP: Ngowuphi umzuzu wokugqibela, wakubona ukuba awusayi kuphinda usebenze apho?
HK: Kwilali yaseGompad, inkosikazi egama linguSodi Sambo, yadutyulwa emlenzeni. Ityala lakhe likwiNkundla ePhakamileyo ngoku. USodi lingqina lokuzibonela kwilali yakhe ibulawa ngabantu abali-16. Umbutho wamaPolisa aseCentral Reserve (CRPF), iCobras, ihlasele le lali, yabulala abantu abalishumi elinesithandathu ngeemela namakrele, yanqunqa iminwe yezandla zomntwana onenyanga ezilishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, yahlaba umama entloko, yamdlwengula, yamnqunqa amabele. Kumntu oneminyaka engama-16 ubudala, wabulala umntu oyimfama oneminyaka engama-18 ubudala - abantu abayi-70. USodi wadutyulwa emlenzeni, wasinda, samthatha samsa eDelhi ukuze atyandwe. Kwixesha elilandelayo sasimzisa eDelhi, amapolisa amqweqwedisa. Baye bathi uxhwilwe ndim, ndabaleka, bathi bazondibamba. Ndacinga - onke amatyala endiwafakile, ukuba ndisentolongweni, abanalo ithuba. Ngoko ngoJanuwari 80, 16, ezinzulwini zobusuku, ndemka eDantewada.
JP: Ukuba sinokuhlehla kancinci kwezi ziganeko. Wonke umntu okwaziyo ukuchaza ukuba ungumGandhi. Ndiyazibuza ukuba uzibona njani iimfundiso zikaGandhi zisebenza kwimeko efana nale uyichaza apha, ingaba zibaluleke kangakanani kule ndawo kunye nexesha?
HK: Andazi nokuba ndingumGandhi okanye akunjalo, kodwa ndiyakholelwa kwezinye zezinto awayezifundisa. Ukuba iilali ziyunithi ezimeleyo, ukuba abantu baphezulu. Ukuba iilali kufuneka zizimele ngokwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho, igram-swaraj, ukuzilawula kwelali. Kunye nolawulo lwelali oluphunyezwa ngeendlela ezingenabundlobongela.
JP: Kutheni kungekho bundlobongela kuphela? Ndithetha ukuthi, sele uthe uyasiqonda isizathu sokuba abantu bathathe izixhobo.
HK: Kuba ukuba utshintsho lwentlalo luphunyelelwa ngeendlela ezinobundlobongela, ngoko amandla abanjwe ngabo babambe iingalo. Ke abafazi, abantwana, amaxhego, benziwa buthathaka, abangenamandla. Sifuna uluntu apho wonke umntu unamalungelo alinganayo kunye namandla alinganayo, abantu bathatha inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo.
Kwakhona, ufuna izixhobo kunye nobundlobongela xa abantu bengekho kuwe. Ukuba unayo imipu, akunyanzelekanga ukuba usebenzele inkxaso yabantu, uzama ukufumana amandla ngemipu.
JP: Andizange ndibenalo ithuba lokuthetha noGandhian wale mihla, kodwa ukuba bendinokuxoxa noGandhi ngento enye, ndicinga ukuba ngeyaba ukungavumelani noluvo lokuba izityebi kufuneka zibugcine ubutyebi bazo โngokuthembana. โ endaweni yokusasazwa ngokutsha. Ucinga ntoni ngaloo mfundiso?
HK: Ndicinga ukuba uGandhi wayesithi kumntu ngamnye kuthi kukho ungxowankulu. Ngoko ke kufuneka sibe ngamasoshiyali. Nokuba unokuninzi, akufuneki uyisebenzise. Kuya kufuneka utye kancinci kangangoko kwaye okunye kuluntu. Bubuthenjwa obo. Enoba yintoni na abanayo, izityebi zifanele ziyisebenzisele ingenelo yoluntu.
JP: Kodwa usoshiyali angatsho, kutheni ungavele nje wabele ubutyebi?
HK: Xa urhulumente ekhona, ulawulwa zizityebi nabanamandla, kwaye naphi na apho kukho ukuxinana kwamandla, nokuba kumbuso wobusoshiyali okanye wobungxowankulu, kubopheleleka kwabo banegunya. Khangela, iminyaka engama-70 emva kweGandhi, sinokuhlalutya yonke into, sinokuyicoca le mibono. UGandhi akaphosisi ngokupheleleyo. Jonga eTshayina ngoku, unama-elite aneakhawunti zaseSwitzerland, imarike emnyama, aba ngabantu abazibiza ngokuba ngamakomanisi. UGandhi wayekuqonda oku. Wathi kufuneka silwe oku ngaphakathi kwethu.
Ndiyalwamkela uhlalutyo lobuMarxist. Ndicinga ukuba kuhle kakhulu. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba iplani kaMarx ineziphene ezininzi. Icinga ukuba izixhobo azinamda, ayitsho ukuba lula, ukusetyenziswa okuncinci, kulungile. Ayizange ithethe nto nge-ecology, eyenziwa nguGandhi. UGandhi wathi ukubawa, ukuxhaphaza, kuya kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni komhlaba wonke. Kufuneka samkele uGandhi, noMarx, sibadibanise, bathathe okona kulungileyo kuye wonke umntu kwaye sinokwenza eyethu indlela. Kutheni ubambeka kwaye ube yi-orthodox malunga noGandhi okanye malunga noMarx? Asifanelanga ukuba sibe ngamasiko. Indlela endiyitolika ngayo uGandhi nguVinoba Bhave, owabiza uMarx ngengcwele.
JP: Uye njani eChhattisgarh kwasekuqaleni?
HK: Ndiyinzalelwane yaseMuzaffar Nagar eDelhi. Utata wayesebenza noGandhi. Utshise iofisi yeerekhodi kwisikhululo sikaloliwe saseMuzaffar njengenye yezenzo zakhe zokuqala zokuqhanqalaza. Emva koko wabaleka ngaphantsi komhlaba. Wabhala iileta eziya kuGandhi, waya kwiAshram yakhe, waqala ukuhlala apho. UGandhi wamfaka kwimfundo esisiseko njengomqeqeshi. Emva kwenkululeko, utata waqalisa ukusebenza kwezemfundo kwiGandhi Ashram. Ebengumcebisi waloo NGO.
UVinoba Bhave wayethathwa njengomfundi wokomoya kaGandhi, kanti uNehru wayengumfundi wezopolitiko. Kumashumi eminyaka emva kwenkululeko, xa amaKomanisi aqalisa umzabalazo wezigalo eAndhra Pradesh, ayebulala abanini-mhlaba kwaye esasaza imihlaba yabo. Wangenelela uVinoba. Wacela abanini bezindlu eTelangana, ePochampalli, ukuba basombulule ingxaki yomhlaba ngokusasazwa ngokuthula. Wabiza intlanganiso waza wabuza ukuba ngubani oza kunikela ngomhlaba wabo oseleyo. Umnini-mhlaba ogama linguRamchandra wema waza wathi, Ndiza kunikela iihektare ezili-100. UVinoba waqala ukuhamba, wagqiba ukuhamba amawaka eekhilomitha, kwaye wasasaza umhlaba weehektare ezingama-4,500,000. Wathi kubanini-mhlaba โ andicengi mhlaba kuni, ndizama ukusindisa ubomi benu.
Utata wayesebenza ngokusisigxina kwelo phulo. Emva koko, e-Uttar Pradesh, kwisithili saseHamirpur, abahlali bedolophana yaseMagarot banikela ngomhlaba wabo eVinoba. Wathi uVinoba "abantu bandivavanyile". Wacela utata ukuba ahlale apho ukuze asebenze kwindawo yezolimo. Wazisa umama kulo lali. Yaba luhlobo lwelali engumzekelo.
Ndisengumntwana ndikhumbula ndibuza utata ukuba, kuthekani ngentswela-ngqesho? Utata uthe, kukho iilali ezingama-700,000 eIndiya. Sifuna ama-700,000 eenjineli, oogqirha, ootitshala, abacwangcisi โ mninzi umsebenzi owanele wonke umntu. UGandhi wathi abantu abafundileyo kufuneka baye ezilalini. Ndilifuze eli siko.
Sasityelele iDantewada, iqela lamaGandhi, kuquka notata, ngowe-1988. Ngelo xesha ndandivakalelwa kukuba le yeyona ndawo yayifuna inkonzo. Ngoko, ngowe-1992, kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba nditshatile, mna nomfazi wam safudukela eDantewada. AmaMaoist ayefike apho kwiminyaka esibhozo ngaphambi kokuba ndiye apho, nto leyo engekude kangako. Kwiminyaka yokuqala, amaMaoist ayedla ngokuxelela abahlali, silapha ukuze sikuncede, njengokuba abantu be-VC Ashram besenza.
(UJustin Podur ngumbhali oseToronto kunye nonjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseYork, okwangoku unjingalwazi ondwendweleyo eJamia Millia Islamia eDelhi. Ibhlog yakhe ithi www.killingtrain.com kunye neetweets njenge @JustinPodur )
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