"INTLOBO NGENKQUBO NENKCUBEKO: IZAZELA KUNYE NOTSHINTSHO LWEMOZULU"
ISEMINA YEZIKO LIKAZWELONKE LOKUKHUTHAZA AMALUNGELO OLUNTU [CIPDH] kunye neUNESCO
BUENOS AIRES, 1-2 SEPTEMBA 2016
UKUZINIKELA NGEGEOCIDE: UKUTSHINTSHA KWEMOZULU kunye nokubanjwa kweSHISHINI
USUSAN GEORGE
Ndwendwe eziHloniphekileyo, Manene namanenekazi,
Iziko laMazwe ngaMazwe lokuKhuthazwa kwamaLungelo oLuntu lindinike iwonga lokuvala le semina kwaye ndinombulelo ongazenzisiyo kwi-CIPDH ngokundiquka kulo msitho ubalulekileyo. Ndiqinisekile ukuba ndithethela thina sonke xa ndisithi le semina ibe nomvuzo obalaseleyo ngokwasengqondweni, ephilileyo kwaye ecwangciswe kakuhle. Ndicela undikhaphe ndivakalise umbulelo ofudumeleyo egameni lethu sonke kuzo zonke izithethi ezithe zanegalelo kumgangatho wayo, kubasebenzi abasebenze nzima ukusihlanganisa kwesi sixeko sihle kangaka kunye neetoliki ezithe zasinceda ukuwela inkcubeko. imida. [Kwaqhwatywa] .
Sinokuthelekisa le semina kunye nenxalenye yendlela ende kuhlobo lohambo ngezonqulo lwale mihla; inqanaba elinye lohambo olunzima kodwa olungenasiphelo. Sabelene ngenxalenye yale ndlela esingise kwinto sonke esinethemba lokuba iya kuba lilizwe elizinzileyo, elizinzileyo, elilungele ukuhlalwa ngabantu. Siyathemba ukuba olu hambo ngezonqulo luya kukhokelela kwimpumelelo ye-COP22 eMarrakech luze luqhubeke ngaphaya, side sifikelele kulaa njongo ikude yokunqumamisa, emva koko kubuyiselwe umva utshintsho lwemozulu. Siyazi ukuba umhlaba kunye nazo zonke iindidi zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni wawo naphantsi kweelwandle zawo akunakwenzeka ukuba zimelane nokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-2 degrees. Sele sifikelele kwizidanga ezingaphezu kwesinye ngaphezu kwe-avareji yembali kwaye siye sacotha ngokuyingozi ukuthatha le ndlela. Ngoku kubalulekile ukuba siqhubeke.
Iyandichukumisa into yokuba zonke iinkonzo zibe nohambo lwazo lwezonqulo, enoba kuseMecca, eSaint Jacques de Compostelle, indawo eseIndiya yokhanyiselo lukaBuddha, izixeko ezingcwele zamaHindu zaseIndiya okanye iindawo ezingcwele zaseYerusalem. Abantu abathabatha ezi hambo zonqulo badla ngokufuna ukuxolelwa okanye usindiso, ukukhanyiselwa, ukuphiliswa okanye mhlawumbi ukunikezelwa komnqweno okhethekileyo.
Uhambo lwethu oluqhelekileyo lulolunye uhlobo. Asifuni ntsikelelo zobuqu kodwa usindiso nethemba kubo bonke abantu nakwikhaya lethu elingumhlaba. Bonke basengozini enkulu. Siluqalise olu hambo kuba siyaqonda ukuba uluntu aluzange lube semngciphekweni omkhulu kunalo mzuzu.
Ndizama ukungathethi โngokusindisa iplanethiโ. Enoba yintoni na enokwenziwa ngabantu, isijikelezi-langa siya kuqhubeka sijikeleza kwiaxis yaso size sijikeleze ilanga njengoko besisenza kangangeminyaka emalunga neebhiliyoni ezine ezinesiqingatha. IPlanethi yomhlaba, esicinga ngayo โnjengeyethuโ, ayisiyiyo ngokwenene โyethuโ kwaphela. Inokuqhubeka ngokugqibeleleyo, itshintshe ngokupheleleyo, ukuhamba kwindlela yayo emiselweyo ngaphandle kwethu. Eneneni, ubani unokuqiqa ngokulula, njengoko besenza abo babizwa ngokuba โziingcali ngendalo enzulu,โ esithi isijikelezi-langa besiya kuba bhetele kakhulu ngaphandle kwethu, ekubeni begxininisa ukuba thina bantu sesona silwanyana siqwengayo, esitshabalalisayo nesitshabalalisayo esakha saphila emhlabeni. kuloo minyaka yeebhiliyoni ezine ezinesiqingatha.
Andikho apha ukukhuthaza umbono onzulu we-ecology. Ndilapha kunokuba ndazise kwaye ndichaze into endiyibona njengesiganeko esitsha kwimbali yoluntu. Ndiyayibiza I-Geocide. I-Geocide sisenzo esidityanelweyo sohlobo olunye phakathi kwezigidi zezinye iintlobo ezitshintsha isijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba singaqondwa kwaye singabufanelanga ubomi. Olu hlobo luyazibophelela igeocide ngokuchasene nawo onke amacandelo endalo, nokuba zizilwanyana ezincinci, izityalo, izilwanyana okanye ngokuchasene nayo, homo sapiens, uluntu.
Homo sapiens ikhona kuphela malunga neminyaka engama-200.000. Ixesha esilichithe kule planethi xa kuthelekiswa nobudala bayo bubonke lifutshane ngokungenasiphelo, elona xesha lincinci lexesha lokwakheka komhlaba. Ilingana ne-0.00004 ekhulwini kuphela yobukho bomhlaba. Kwaye nangona naluphi na uhlobo olunikiweyo lwesityalo okanye isilwanyana-i-vertebrate okanye i-invertebrate-ihlala ihleli kumndilili malunga nezigidi ezilishumi zeminyaka, iintlobo zethu zibonakala zizimisele ukubangela ukuphela kwayo, kunye nayo yonke indalo, kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba yabelwe ixesha. Ukufa kweentlobo zendalo iphela, xa sithetha ngokwejoloji, yinto eqhelekileyo. Ezinye iindawo ezitshabalalayo ziyamangalisaโcinga ngee<em>dinosaurโuninzi lwabo kukunyamalala okuthe cwaka okushiya umkhondo omncinane. Iindidi ezininzi ziya kuba zanyamalala ngonaphakade phakathi kwexesha esifike ngalo kunye nexesha lokushiya le semina. Izazinzulu zisixelela ukuba โinqanaba lemvelaphiโ yokutshabalala limalunga newaka eliphindwe kaliwaka kune-avareji kwaye abanye sele beqalisile ukubiza ixesha lethu โnjengesiphelo esikhulu sesithandathuโ. Eyangaphambili, ukuphela kwePermian, kwenzeka malunga ne-250 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Malunga nama-95 ekhulwini azo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ngelo xesha zatshayelwa, mhlawumbi ngenxa yentaba-mlilo nokufudumala okwabangela ukukhutshwa okukhulu kwemethane elwandle.
Iintlobo zezilwanyana ziyanyamalala kakhulu kuba azikwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza neemeko eziguquka ngokukhawuleza. Abanye, abantu ababandakanyiweyo, banokuziqhelanisa neseti ebanzi yemekobume kunye nokwahluka okubanzi kwamaqondo obushushu, ukusuka eSiberia okanye eGreenland ukuya ePakistan okanye eSahel, kodwa akukho ntlobo ziguquguqukayo ngokungenasiphelo kwaye zonke zinemida yazo.
Olwethu kuphela kwezidalwa phakathi kwezigidi ezinesiphiwo solwimi, ubuchule bokwenza izixhobo, kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke ukuqonda, amandla okucinga, ukucinga kunye nobumoya. Ukanti, isiphelo sobukho bethu sibonakala singaphaya kokuqonda kwethu sonke: soyikeka kakhulu kwaye siqinisekile kakhulu ukuba sinokucinga. Ukutshabalala akunakwenzeka kuthiโthina bantu sikrelekrele kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, sinokusifumana isicombululo sayo nayiphi na ingxaki, siziinkosi zendalo yaye asinako ukusilela, singasathethi ke ngokunyamalala.
Akukho namnye ngaphandle kwabambalwa abakholelwayo ngoku ophikayo ukuba abantu banako ukwenza uhlanga; Siye sabona iziqendu ezoyikekayo zokubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kubomi bethu kwaye, ngenxa yokuba silubonile olu loyiko, siyakwazi igama yona. Zonke iilwimi zinyanzelekile ukuba zongeze eli gama loyikekayo, uhlanga, kwisigama sabo.
Ngaba siyakwazi nokuba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni, singasathethi ke ngokuqonda ukuba siyakwazi ukuzibophelela igeocide? Engqondweni yam, eli gama lidlulela ngaphaya kwe "ecocide" ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ibonakala inqunyelwe kwindawo ethile okanye indawo yejografi efana nokutshatyalaliswa kwehlathi okanye ungcoliseko olukhulu, yithi, iGulf of Mexico. I-Geocide mayeha ngokubanzi: luhlaselo olukhulu oluchasene nendalo esiyinxalenye yalo, ngokuchasene nabo bonke ubomi basemhlabeni kunye ngokuchasene neNdalo kunye nokukhanyela ngokupheleleyo. umntu amalungelo; Ndiyavuma ukuba esi senzo sokugqibela sentshabalalo siyaqhubeka kwaye sifuna igama laso. Ngaphandle kwegama, asinakho ingcamango kwaye ngaphandle kwengcamango asinakukwazi ukulwa nayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ndikhangele igama elitsha.
Mhlawumbi undifumana ndingonyanyi. Makhe ndikunike izinto ezimbalwa ezifunyanisiweyo zamva nje zezazinzulu malunga nesantya kunye nenkqubela phambili yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Uninzi luthatyathwe kutsha nje Imo yeNgxelo yeMozulu ikhokelwa yi-United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA. Ithatha kwigalelo lamakhulu ezazinzulu ezisuka kumazwe angama-62.
Ngo-2015, iirekhodi ezintsha zaphinda zamiselwa amaqondo obushushu, ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle kunye neziganeko zemozulu ezimbi. Njengo-2014, i-2015 yayiyeyona ishushu kwirekhodi kwaye i-2016 inokuthi iphule irekhodi nayo. Iilwandle azikwazi ukufunxa zonke iigesi zegreenhouse esizivelisayo kwaye zifudumala ngokukhawuleza. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo iMpuma yePasifiki ibishushu ngezidanga ezimbini kwaye uLwandlekazi lweArctic lwafikelela kwincopho yeedigri ezisibhozo ngokupheleleyo kunomyinge wembali. Isigqubuthelo somkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Arctic sesona siphantsi ukusukela oko iisathelayithi zaqala ukuwulinganisa kwiminyaka engama-37 eyadlulayo. Ukufudumala kolwandle kubangela iintyatyambo ezinkulu zealgae ezinetyhefu ukuba zisasazeke kuMntla-ntshona wePasifiki nakunxweme lwaseOstreliya, zibulala iikorale, iintlanzi, iintaka kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Iingcali zenzululwazi kunye neentatheli ziye zaqulunqa igama elithi "amaza olwandle". Iintlobo zaselwandle zaseArctic ziyasokola ukuziqhelanisa nokufuduka okukhulu kwabakhuphisanayo abatsalwa ngamanzi ashushu kwaye batya ukutya okunqongopheleyo. Ukuba i-ice sheet yaseGreenland inyibilika ngokupheleleyo, ukunyamalala kwayo kuya kuphakamisa amaqondo olwandle ngeemitha ezisixhenxe ezimangalisayo. Kunyaka ophelileyo ibonise ukunyibilika ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha somphezulu wayo.
Kwakhona kufuneka silindele ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngenxa yezikhukhula ezininzi, imbalela eyongezelelekileyo, imililo yamahlathi eyongezelelekileyo kunye nezivunguvungu ezinobundlobongela kunye nabantu abaninzi abangenamakhaya kunye neembacu zemozulu ezifuna indawo yokuhlala. Ukunqongophala kokutya namanzi, ngakumbi kumashumi ezigidi ezixhomekeke kwimikhenkce ukuze bafumane amanzi, nako kuya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi. Okuncinci kuxoxwe kodwa kuninzi kakhulu ekucingeni amaqhinga omkhosi njengalawo asePentagon, kukwanda okulindelweyo kokungazinzi kwezopolitiko, ukulwa, okubizwa ngokuba "ngamazwe angaphumeleli" kunye nemfazwe ecacileyo. Iingcali ngoku ziyavuma ukuba imfazwe yaseSiriya ngokuyinxenye yabangelwa yimbalela eyathabatha ixesha elide kwimimandla eyayilinywa yingqolowa.
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu akuyo-arithmeticโngamanye amazwi, 1+ 1+1 ayenzi umgca omhle othe ngqo kwigrafu. Utshintsho lubonisa ukwanda, oku kuthetha ukuba ukunyuka ngalunye kobushushu kunokuxhokonxa ukwanda. Oku kubizwa ngokuba โyingxelo entleโ kwaye inokuqhubeka de โukubalekaโ utshintsho lwemozulu luthathe indawo kwaye alunakunqandwa. Phakathi kweyona mizekelo yoyikekayo ngoku kukunyibilika komkhenkce eSiberia naseAlaska. Kuqikelelwa ukuba i-1400 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zemethane zivalelwe kule permafrost kwaye igesi yemethane inamandla aphindwe kamashumi amabini kuneCO2. Kuxhomekeka ekubeni inyibilika ngokukhawuleza kangakanani i-permafrost, lo vimba mkhulu weegesi zegreenhouse unokubangela utshintsho lwemozulu olungenakuguqulwa kwaye igeocide yayiza kuthatha indawo. Kwanezityebi, ezicinga ukuba zikhululekile ngokupheleleyo kwimithetho yendalo, zazingenakuyibaleka imiphumo yoko.
Mhlawumbi sele singaphaya kwendawo yengozi. Kodwa ekubeni kungekho mntu waziyo ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka senze ngokungathi sisenalo ithuba lokunqumamisa nokuguqula utshintsho lwemozulu. Abantu abakhoyo kule semina bahluke kakhulu kodwa sonke sizimisele kwaye sinolwazi, sikhathazeke kakhulu ngotshintsho lwemozulu, amalungelo oluntu kwaye rhoqo ngeemilinganiselo zomoya zobomi. Ke ngoko siye sakhetha ukuma ngokuchasene nezinto ezingathandekiyo kwaye senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuze siqinisekise ukuba uhambo lwabantu luya kuqhubeka.
Kodwa oko kundibetha ngokuchanekileyo kuba abantu abazimiseleyo, abacingayo nabanokuziphatha kakuhle baye balwenza ngokwabo olu khetho, banokuba nobunzima obukhethekileyo bokwamkela ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu owabelanayo ngokuziphatha kwabo okanye ukuzibophelela kwabo. Zibuze lo mbuzo: Ngaba uyathanda ukukholelwa ukuba imingcipheko yokutshintsha kwemozulu icace gca kwaye ikwindalo yonke kangangokuba bonke abantu abaqhelekileyo kufuneka baxhase iinjongo ezifanayo ozenzayo? Ngaba ucinga, ngokomzekelo, ukuba ekubeni sinobugcisa, ulwazi nemali yokwenza inguqulelo enkulu kwihlabathi elingenamafutha ezilwanyana zamandulo amandulo elisekelwe kumandla ahlaziyekayo, abo bangenayo imvo yongxamiseko yethu basuka baxelelwe phosakeleyo? ukuba bafuna kuphela ulwazi olungakumbi kunye neengcaciso ezingcono?
Ukuba ucinga ukuba, ngoko kufuneka ndithathe umngcipheko wokukukhubekisa. Xa ndithetha ngokuphandle, ndiyoyika ukuba imbono enjalo iphosakele ngokwenene. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo abantu abazazi iingozi zokutshintsha kwemozulu zisekho, kodwa zikho ngokuqinisekileyo hayi abantu abaphethe imicimbi yehlabathi.
Hayi. Eyona ngxaki yeyokuba sijamelene neentshaba ezizimiseleyo, ezilungelelaniswe kakuhle ezingakhathali ngamalungelo oluntu okanye ukutshintsha kwemozulu; onokuthi mhlawumbi ahleke xa kukhankanywa igeocide. Bafuna into enye kuphela: ishishini njengesiqhelo kunye nehlabathi apho banokwenza imali engapheliyo besebenzisa naziphi na izixhobo ezikhoyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba ziziphi iindleko kwindalo nakubomi bomntu. Ngaphandle kokuba sinokuyamkela le nyaniso kwaye sijongane naba bachasi, kunye nemibutho yoluntu kunye nemibutho yabucala abayisebenzelayo, ndinoloyiko lokuba asinathemba lokuthintela ekugqibeleni. igeocide.
Iintshaba zokwenene zikhona. Abayi kutshintshwa yingxoxo enengqiqo, isibongozo, umthandazo okanye umzekelo wokuziphatha. Ukujongana nawo kwenziwa nzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba akwizikhundla eziphakamileyo nezinamandla yaye kunokoyikisa abo bazama ukubanqanda. Apha kunokuba luncedo ukucaphula amazwi e-19th Umbhali-mbali waseBritani wenkulungwane yokuqala uLord Acton. Wabhala ngokukhumbula, "amandla wonakalisa kwaye igunya elipheleleyo lonakalisa ngokupheleleyo", wongeza ukuba "amadoda amakhulu phantse ahlala ekhohlakele. โโฆ Igunya liyarhwaphiliza kuba livumela abantu, amaziko okanye oorhulumente ukuba banyanzelise ukuthanda kwabo nokuxonxa ihlabathi ukuze lilungele iimfuno zabo zangoku. Ngaphambili, oku kwakusenziwa rhoqo ngemfazwe kwaye apha enye i-19 enkuluth Ingcinga yenkulungwane, ingcali yasemkhosini uKarl von Clausewitz uyichaza imfazwe ngokuthi "isenzo sobundlobongela ukunyanzela umchasi ukuba enze ukuthanda kwethuโ.
Dibanisa uClausewitz kunye no-Acton, ubabeke kuma-21st kwinkulungwane kwaye unokuchaza amandla njengamandla okunyanzelisa intando yayo nayiphi na inkqubo esetyenziswa ngumntu onamandla. Namhlanje abasemagunyeni kurhulumente nabucala, ngakumbi kumazwe aseNtshona asalawulayo, basebenzela iimfuno zenkqubo yongxowankulu ephuhlileyo apho. Iinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zinkulu kwezopolitiko abadlali. Rhoqo ezi nkampani zinkulu zepetroleum, zerhasi okanye zamalahle kwakunye neebhanki zazo zityebile kwaye zinamandla ngaphezu kwamazwe amaninzi. Injongo yabo, njengoko iClausewitz ibeka, kukunyanzela wonke umntu ukuba "enze intando yakhe". Iinkampani azifuni kwaye azifuni ukusebenzisa imfazwe evulekileyo okanye iindlela zenkohlakalo. Baqeshwe ngabantu abahlawulwa kakhulu kwaye bavuzwe kakhulu ngokufezekisa iinjongo zabo. Nabani na owalayo ukuncama imigaqo yokuziphatha ukuze ahlangabezane nenjongo yokwandisa inzuzo kunye nempembelelo akayi kuhlala eqeshwe ixesha elide.
Aba baphathi banelisekile kukuphila kwihlabathi lexesha elifutshane kwaye namhlanje sonke sinyanzelekile ukuba siphile kulo, nangona sisazi ukuba umbono wexesha elide ubalulekile ekubambeni iingcamango ezifana "nokutshintsha kwemozulu ebalekayo" okanye "igeocide". Ubunkokheli beenkampani ezinkulu zefosili kunye neebhanki zikhethwa kuba ikulungele ukuncama nayiphi na imilinganiselo enokuba yimfuneko ukuze ifikelele usukelo lwengeniso ephezulu. Akukho mongameli wequmrhu unamandla okutshintsha oku. Bonke bayazi ukuba izikhundla zabo ngabanye zixhomekeke ekulandeleni imigaqo; bakhonza amaziko abo abathi oorhulumente bethu besizwe basoloko bewakhusela, bewakhulisa kwaye basoloko bewathobela. Ukugxeka, ukususa kunye nokutshintsha abantu ayiyonjongo. Kubo, ikamva loluntu kunye nekamva lomhlaba ngelishwa aliyiyo eyona ngongoma.
Kufuneka silwe ukugcina amafutha efosili emhlabeni kwaye amandla kuphela anokuthintela amaqumrhu ngamandla omthetho. Umthetho uya kutshintsha kuphela phantsi kwempembelelo yoluvo loluntu olunamandla, olulungelelaniswe kakuhle. Sifuna ukuzinikela kwabantu abafana nawe, abaziinkokeli kwaye banokuphembelela amacandelo amakhulu oluvo loluntu ukudala uxinzelelo. Silufuna ngamandla uxinzelelo koorhulumente ukuba babanyanzele ukuba basebenze ngenkani kwaye bamele amandla eshishini.
Mhlawumbi ucinga ukuba ndibeka izityholo nje. Ukuqukumbela le ntetho, makhe ndithethe ngokufutshane malunga nezicwangciso ezimbalwa zeshishini ezijolise ekufumaneni inkululeko enkulu kunye neengeniso. Isiphumo sale mizekelo kukukhawulezisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Kuba sinexesha elincinane eliseleyo, ndishiya iinkcukacha kumandla eenkampani ezinkulu nezityebileyo kwihlabathi. Kwakhona ndiza kulishiya ngaphandle icandelo lezothutho lwendlela kunye nelomoya, kunye neenkampani, ezibekwe ngakumbi eMzantsi, ezibandakanyekayo ekugawulweni kwamahlathi okukhulu. Iinkampani ezibandakanyekayo zisenokuba zezoluntu okanye zabucala. Nalu ukhetho lwam olufutshane lweempembelelo zenkampani ezingaziwayo malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
-Iindawo zokusebenzela
โInkxaso
-Izivumelwano zorhwebo zamazwe amabini kunye namazwe amaninzi
1. IILOBI : Ukusetyenziswa kweendawo zokuhlala kukhule ngokunyukayo kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo. Iilobi ngoku zinkulu, ishishini lenkonzo yezigidi ngezigidi zeedola. Umntu unokwahlula iintlobo ezintathu: Eyokuqala ilula kwaye ilula kakhulu: iinkampani ezizimeleyo ziqesha intengiso yangaphakathi, unxibelelwano kunye nabasebenzi bobudlelwane boluntu ukuba babonise ubuso babo obuhle kunye nembono yayo kungekhona nje ukuphucula ukuthengisa kodwa kunye nokuchaphazela uluvo loluntu, iinkokheli zembono, amajelo eendaba norhulumente. Umzekelo: inkampani enkulu yeoli efana neBP ithatha isigqibo sokuphinda izenzele igama "njengenkampani yamandla" nangona i-98 pesenti yemisebenzi yayo ihleli kumafutha efosili kwaye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo inesabelo esincinci kuphela.
Okwesibini, iinkampani zikhuthaza ukukhanyela ukutshintsha kwemozulu. Umzekelo, i-Exxon-Mobil yafunda malunga neminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo kwizazinzulu zayo ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu yinyani eyingozi nangona kunjalo iye yachitha izigidi zixhasa oko kubizwa ngokuba โngamatanki okucingaโ kunye nezazinzulu ezonakeleyo ezikuphela komsebenzi wazo ikukubonelela ngeengxoxo kunye nobuxoki, ekucingelwa ukuba ziyangqina. ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu alukho okanye akukho nto yokukhathazeka ngayo. Ngokuya bebaninzi abakhanyela imozulu, kokukhona benokuthi bathintele ixesha elide kuwiso-mthetho ukulawula ukuziphatha kwabo. I-Lobbyists iyazi ukuba idla ngokwaneleyo ukuyila tha ndabuza kwaye baye baphumelela ngokuqaqambileyo eUnited States. Apha, ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje, umntu omnye kwabane uyathandabuza okanye uyabukhanyela ubunyaniso bokutshintsha kwemozulu. Akukho mgqatswa waseRiphabhlikhi kwiofisi yezopolitiko, kubandakanya uDonald Trump, oya kuba semngciphekweni wokutsho esidlangalaleni ukuba utshintsho lwemozulu lukhona-sithetha ngelizwe njengoko usazi ukuba lelona likhulu kwihlabathi. nganye ngekota okhupha iigesi zegreenhouse. .
Okokugqibela, ezi nkampani zihlala zingamalungu emibutho ekhuthazayo yoshishino ngokubanzi endima yayo ikukukhusela iimfuno zecandelo lilonkeโumzekelo ukulwa nasiphi na isigqibo se-United States Environmental Protection Agency okanye imimiselo yaseYurophu. Amazwe apho ishishini lepetroleum liyinxalenye ephambili kurhulumente ngokwakhe, njengaseTshayina okanye eSaudi Arabia, abonisa iingxaki ezithile abemi abadla ngokungakwazi ukujongana nazo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ekuphela kwesicwangciso esinokwenzeka kukunciphisa imfuno yamafutha efosili ngokubanzi.
2. INKXASO-MALI: Olu lwazi lulandelayo luthatyathwe kwiNgxelo yeNgxowa-mali yeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe ka-2013-uphawu lwenkqubela phambili ukususela ekubeni utshintsho lwemozulu lwalungazange luqwalaselwe ngaphambili yi-IMF. Inkxaso kumafutha efosili yinto eqhelekileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Abanye bavumela abathengi ukuba bahlawule ngaphantsi kweendleko zokubonelela; abanye bavumela iinkampani ukuba zikhuphe iindleko zomonakalo wendalo eziwubangelayo. Iingcali zezoqoqosho zibiza le monakalo "zangaphandle", ezifana nokungcoliseka, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okanye ukucocwa kweendawo zokukhupha kwaye ezi ndleko kufuneka zihlawulwe ngoorhulumente-okanye zingahlawulwanga konke konke, okukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu kwimpilo yoluntu, njl. ukuya kwi-IMF, ixabiso lilonke lenkxaso kumafutha efosili lifika kwi-$1.900.000.000.000 eyothusayo, (ishumi elinesithoba lamakhulu eebhiliyoni zeerandi). Ukuba zonke ezi zinikezelo zikarhulumente ezingenasihlahla ziye zapheliswa kwaye iinkampani zenziwa ukuba zihlawulele ezazo izinto zangaphandle, iNgxowa-mali ibala ukuba Ukuhla kwe-13 lepesenti yazo zonke izinto ezikhutshwayo ze-CO2 zehlabathi ziya kulandela.
Inkxaso-mali ayipheleli nje ekwenzeni ukuba amafutha efosili angabizi kakhulu kwaye enze kube nzima kwimithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo ukukhuphisana; zikwanciphisa nenkcitho karhulumente ngeenjongo ezibaluleke ngakumbi. Kuyo yonke iAfrika ekuMazantsi eSahara, oorhulumente bachitha umlinganiselo wesithathu ekhulwini sohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwabo kwinkxaso-maliโimali efanayo neyenkcitho yabo kwimpilo yoluntu. Uninzi lwezo nkxaso-mali zinceda abantu abasele bephila bheteleโabantu abahlwempuzekileyo baseAfrika abanazo iinqwelo-mafutha yaye abakho nakwigridi yombane. Nangona uzijongile, izibonelelo zamandla efosili aziyomfuneko, zineendleko kwaye ziyingozi.
Ke ndiye ndavuya ukufunda kubahlobo bethu baseMoroccan apha ukuba iMorocco sele iziphelise ngempumelelo zonke iifosili ukuze itsale imali eninzi kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa. Ngaphezu koko, baye bayenza ngeenyanga nje ze-18, ebonisa ukuba unokwenza utshintsho olukhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ke bravo ukuya eMorocco ekufuneka ibe ngumzekelo kuwo onke amazwe. [Kwaqhwatywa].
3. IZIVUMELWANO ZORHWEBO EZINGXENYE NEZINXIBEKO: Ezi zivumelwano zihlala zibandakanya isolotya elibizwa ngokuba โnguMtyali-mali kuSombululo lweNgxwabangxwaba kuMbusoโ okanye i-ISDS evumela abatyali-mali bangaphandle, nabangaphandle kuphela, abarhwebi bamaqumrhu ukuba bamangalele oorhulumente abazimeleyo phambi kwenkundla zolamlo zabucala ezenziwe ngamagqwetha amathathu abucala abalamli kuwo nawuphi na umthetho omtsha ogwetyelwa yinkampani. isenokwenzakalisa ingeniso yayo yangoku okanye kwanekamva layo. Umzekelo, ukupheliswa koncediso-mali ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kujongwa njengesisongelo kwaye iinkampani zangaphandle ezizifumanayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo ziya kummangalela urhulumente. Amatyala ambalwa angoku aquka ukumangalela i-Occidental Petroleum (kunye nokuphumelela) ngokuchasene ne-Ecuador ngokwala ukuvumela ukugrunjwa kwindawo ekhuselweyo yendalo. Inkundla inikezele ngembuyekezo ye-Occidental ye-1.7 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Inkampani yeLone Pine imangalela iPhondo laseQuebec ngezigidi ezingama-250 zeedola kuba yalile imvume yokuqhekezwa kumlambo iSaint Lawrence. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uMongameli u-Obama aphikise umbhobho we-Keystone ngenjongo yokuthutha ngokukodwa i-oyile ye-tar-santi engcolileyo esuka e-Alberta, eKhanada ukuya kwiGulf of Mexico, iNkampani yaseKhanada iTranscanada yazisa isimangalo ngokuchasene ne-US ifuna i-15 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwanele ukugrogrisa i-ISDS ngenyathelo lomthetho ukwenza ilizwe licinge kabini phambi kokuba liwise umthetho wokukhusela abantu balo okanye okusingqongileyo. Urhulumente unokuthi "uphumelele" ngokuchasene nequmrhu-njengoko enzile kwi-35 yepesenti yamatyala ukuza kuthi ga ngoku-kodwa akanakuze aphumelele ngokwenene kuba usayine isivumelwano, akanakuchasa ityala kwaye iindleko zolamlo lwangasese zifikelela kwizigidi zezigidi. iidola. Iinkampani zeenkonzo zefosili kunye nepetroleum zisenokumangalela urhulumente omnye ngenjongo yokoyikisa abanye ekubeni benze naluphi na utshintsho olufanayo.
Ukuqukumbela nje ngamagama ambalwa, manditsho ukuba ithemba lam elikhulu lelokuba wonke umntu olapha uyakushiya ukuqonda kwisemina yethu ukuba ukuthathwa kweshishini kuyaqhubeka kwaye kuya kwenza igalelo elibulalayo igeocide. Ndiyathemba ukuba ukongeza kulo lonke unxibelelwano lwakho lwangoku okanye amavolontiya uya kwamkela uxanduva olongezelelweyo lokwenza kwaziwe kunye nokulwa ngokuchaseneyo. igeocide. Ngaphandle kweenzame zabantu abalungileyo kuyo yonke indawo ukunciphisa iinyawo zabo zekhabhoni, ayizukwanela ngaphandle kokuba sinokunyanzela izakhiwo ezikhoyo ezikhuthaza amafutha efosili ukuba atshintshe okanye anyamalale. Ndisoloko ndibuzwa ukuba ndinethemba okanye andinathemba. Nam andinguye. Andilazi ikamva. Kodwa ndinethemba. Ndiyakholwa ukuba sisenalo ithuba; ukuba abantu banokoyisa kwanezoyikiso ezoyikeka njengoko igeocide. Abaninzi banokushukunyiselwa ekubeni bathabathe inyathelo ngabalweli bamalungelo abantu neenkokeli zonqulo. Masiqinisekise kunye ukuba uhambo lwethu oluqhelekileyo lusikhokelela kweso siphumo.
Enkosi.
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