A. Giroux
In
Imozulu yasemva kweLittleton, ukothuka kokuziphatha kunye noloyiko endaweni yokuqonda okubalulekileyo
kwaye uvumele amajelo eendaba alawulayo ukuba avakalise, njengoko kubonwe kushicilelo lwakutsha nje Newsweek,
ukuba ulutsha olumhlophe lwasezidolophini lunecala elimnyama kunye nenkcubeko yolutsha ngokubanzi
imele"INkosi yeeNtlanzi ngomlinganiselo omkhulu." Iifilimu ezinjenge eVarsity
IiBlues, Izinto endizithiyileyo ngawe, kwaye Iinjongo Ezikhohlakeleyo bhiyozela
bobabini abangenangqondo, abaqhutywa yi-testosterone, iimbaleki zamadoda eziziintsana ezikwi-
phezulu kwesikolo esicinezelayo pecking order okanye amantombazana aselula aphakamileyo aphakamileyo
ngokulinganayo, kodwa akanalusini, unekratshi, kwaye ulawula ngokwesondo. Iifilimu
njenge Unyulo, iJawbreaker, kwaye Ubuhle baseMelika zitsho kwakhona
ngamandla ngombono obanzi woluntu ukuba liyakhula inani ledolophu yabamhlophe
abantwana bangoobani, bacingela iziqu zabo, okanye baphambuka ngokwesondo. Ezi
Iifilimu zomeleza ingcamango yokuba abantwana abanjalo, bajongwa ngakumbi njengesisongelo
eluntwini, bafuna unyango, ulawulo olungqongqo, okanye uqeqesho
ukubeka iliso. Imiboniso enjalo ibonisa utshintsho olukhulayo kuluntu
imbono yabantu abatsha. Ulutsha alusekho semngciphekweni kodwa lujongwa njengomngcipheko.
Le mbono yolutsha isebenza ekupheliseni ubukhulu becala nayiphi na ingcamango yemveliso
i-arhente phakathi kwabantu abatsha, inika amathuba ambalwa okuhlalutya indlela abantwana
amava okwenene kunye nokulamla ubudlelwane phakathi kwabo nabanye
abantwana kwakunye noluntu lwabantu abadala. Kodwa imiboniso enjalo ayipheleli nje ekwenzeni ugonyamelo
kubunzima bobomi babantwana, baphinde bacime nakuphi na ukuqonda
indlela ubudlelwane bamandla phakathi kwabantu abadala kunye nolutsha olusebenza ngayo ngokuchasene nabaninzi
bantwana.
Uthotho lwamva nje
Ukudutyulwa kwezikolo lulutsha eJonesboro, Arkansas, Edinboro, Pennsylvania,
Springfield, Oregon, and Littleton, Colorado kunye nenani elandayo le
ezinye iidolophu ziye zaloyisa ngakumbi uloyiko loluntu lwabantwana kunye neemfuno eziphembelelayo
ukuthoba iminyaka apho abantwana banokugwetywa khona njengabantu abadala kulwaphulo-mthetho olunobundlobongela.
Imibuzo yokhuseleko ezikolweni ngoku ibaluleke ngakumbi kunemiba yezemfundo
umgangatho, nangona zonke izikolo zikarhulumente zimalunga ne
ezona ndawo zikhuselekileyo zifumanekayo kubantwana. Ngelishwa, nayiphi na ingqiqo yembono
kubonakala ngathi kulahlekile, njengoko iinkqubo zezikolo kwilizwe lonke zifuna intsimbi
oonogada abaxhobileyo, oonogada abaxhobileyo, ootishala abaxhobileyo, nakwabanye
iimeko zokuxhonywa kweMithetho eliShumi kuzo zonke iiklasi zesikolo sikarhulumente.
Abafundisi babonakala benjalo
kuncinci ukuthetha malunga nohlaselo oluqhubekayo kulutsha ngokuyinxenye kuba ngaphakathi
intetho eyongameleyo ngolutsha kunye nohlaziyo lwezemfundo ulwimi lweenqobo ezisesikweni,
ezopolitiko, inkcubeko, kunye nedemokhrasi inemali encinci okanye ixabiso lokutshintshiselana. Yi le
Ayimangalisi into yokuba ubunkokeli besikolo ngoku bulandelwa ngamagorha e
inkcubeko yoshishino abathathwe kuluhlu lwesigqeba samazwe ngamazwe anjalo
njengoko Disney, McDonalds, IBM, kunye Proctor kunye Gamble. Ukusebenzisa isimbo sokuphatha
leyo ichaza iinkqubo zesikolo โnjengeenkampani ezinkulu,โ isikolo esitsha soshishino
ubunkokeli buchaza abafundi โnjengabathengiโ nokufunda njengento enokumetwa
Iziphumo.
Kutshanje
umzekelo wenkokeli yesikolo entsha wabalaseliswa kwinqaku lakutshanje
in The New York Times. Ngaphantsi komgca, "Ukusebenzisa iCorporate Touch a
Inkqubo yeSikolo esineNgxaki," inqaku ligxile ku-Andre J. Hornsby, omtsha
intsumpa yesithili seYonkers, esesine ngobukhulu eNew York
Isixeko. Igqalwe njengomzekelo wohlobo olutsha lobunkokeli ngoku oludumileyo phakathi kwedolophu
iinkqubo zesikolo, i Maxesha umchaza โnjengekratshi, uzwilakhe, o
i-egomaniacโฆime ngelithi abantwana abambalwa abahluphekayo banokuloyisa intlalo yabo yezoqoqosho
imiqobo, eqhutywa ukunyusa amanqaku kwiimvavanyo ezisemgangathweni kusetyenziswa i-cookie-cutter
ikharityhulamu, kunye nokuthatha indlela yokulawula impi."
Inqaku liyaqhubeka libonisa ukuba elinye lamanyathelo okuqala kaHornsby yayikuku
anyanzelise imithwalo eyongeziweyo kootitshala bakhe, nto leyo ebangele ugwayimbo, kunye no
inyathelo lakhe labangela ukuba kubekho umlo wenkundla oyimpumelelo ukuthintela izixhobo ezongezelelekileyo
ukusuka ekuhanjisweni ukuya "kwizithili zesikolo ezisibhozo iinkundla ezichongiweyo njenge
ekusweleni kakhulu." Kubonakala ngathi phezu kwayo nje inkxalabo kaHornsby ngamahlwempu
abafundi, wakhetha ukusasaza imali eyongezelelweyo kuzo zonke izithili zesikolo,
"iqhinga elithandwa kakhulu yibhodi yesikolo esimhlophe eyamqeshayo."
UHornsby uyavela
imodeli yobunkokeli beshishini engenanto yakuthetha ngayo
ukungalingani, usebenzisa amandla ngokuzimela, kunciphisa ikharityhulam kulwimi lwe
imigangatho novavanyo, kwaye uyaqinisekisa ukuba ootitshala banolawulo oluncinane kwi
iimeko zokufundisa nokufunda. Amaqhawe enkcubeko yoshishino ashumayela a
ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kumgca ongezantsi, kodwa akukho nto ingako bayithethayo malunga nesidingo
ukudala iindawo zoluntu ezibonelela abantwana ngeendlela zemfundo yoluntu
ukukhuthaza amathuba abalulekileyo engxoxo, uthethathethwano, kunye neengxoxo. Okanye ungenzi
banikezela ngamathuba emfundo kubantu abatsha ukuba bafaneleke ngokunzulu
Iintlobo zokufunda nokubhala ezibonelela ngeemeko zokukhusela intlalo ebalulekileyo
amaziko okunceda uluntu. Ngokufanayo, abaninzi abaxhasi beenkampani
inkcubeko ihlala inento encinci yokuthetha malunga neziphumo zokunciphisa abasebenzi,
ukupheliswa koshishino, kunye nefuthe elibi lemigaqo-nkqubo enjalo ekusebenzeni
iintsapho, iinkonzo zoluntu, izikolo, nobomi boluntu. Kananjalo abathethi kakhulu ngayo
eyabo indima ekukhuthazeni ukubaleka kwemali eyinkunzi phesheya, umsantsa owandayo
phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu, nodidi olukhulayo lwesigxina
abangaqeshwanga ngokwaneleyo babambekile kwimisebenzi "engenazakhono". Ngaphakathi kule modeli yoshishino ye
ubunkokeli, iindawo zentlalo kuphela ezenziwe zafumaneka kubantwana ubukhulu becala
iqhutywa yimarike kwaye ngenxa yoko indawo yentengiso yezimvo ezikolweni nakwezinye
Amanqanaba oluntu aya ngokwanda ukuba ngumsebenzi ongeyiyo le nto abantu abatsha kufuneka bayazi
njengabemi abagxekayo, njengabadlali bezentlalo nezopolitiko, kodwa yintoni abanokuthengiswa ngayo
njengabathengi.
Ngokucinezelayo
Umbono wolawulo lobunkokheli bezemfundo ngoku ulawula ingxoxo yoluntu malunga
ulutsha kunye nesikolo kwaye akukho nto inemveliso yokuthetha malunga nokuba yintoni na
kusenokuthetha ukulungisa iimeko ezisisiseko eziguqula ubomi bolutsha
abantu kweli lizwe. Ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbalwa, iingxoxo zoluntu malunga noLittleton,
njengoko uEllen Willis ebonisile, akazange ayihoye indlela abantu abaselula โabaziva ngayo, hayi
kuphela malunga nobomi babo bamva nje kodwa malunga nehlabathi labantu abadala." Ngaphezu koko, imizekelo
yobunkokeli bequmrhu obutshintshelwe kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo
kujongela phantsi amandla ootitshala baseklasini ukuba badlale indima ebalulekileyo
ukujongana neemfuno zolutsha. Ezi modeli zinenkathalo encinci kwi
amazwi abantu abatsha, bakwalunciphisa kakhulu ulawulo lwabafundisi-ntsapho
uphuhliso nokucwangciswa kwekharityhulam, ukuqinisa umbutho olawulayo
yesikolo, kwaye ubukhulu becala basuse ootitshala kwinkqubo yokugweba kunye
ukuphumeza imiyalelo yaseklasini. Iingcamango ezikhokela ezi nkampani
iimodeli kunye nembono yabo malunga ne-pedagogy kukuba indlela yokuziphatha yootitshala kufuneka ibe njalo
ilawulwe kwaye yenziwe ifane kwaye iqikeleleke kuzo zonke izikolo ezahlukeneyo kunye
amanani abafundi. Kwezi ndlela, kucingelwa ukuba bonke abafundi banako
funda kwizinto ezifanayo ezisemgangathweni, ubuchule bokufundisa, kunye neendlela
yovavanyo.
Kwishishini
imodeli yobunkokeli, ukufundisa kususwe ngokupheleleyo kwinkcubeko nentlalo
Imixholo ebumba izithethe, iimbali kunye namava athile a
uluntu kunye nesikolo. Ke ngoko, akunakubakho ukuqondwa kule modeli ye
uhlaziyo lwezemfundo oluthi abafundi bavele kwiimvelaphi ezahlukeneyo, bazise ezahlukeneyo
amava enkcubeko, kunye nokunxulumana nehlabathi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Akukho
Ingqiqo kule ndlela yokuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ootitshala benze ulwazi
enentsingiselo ukwenzela ukuba ibaluleke kwaye iguqule. Kwakhona ukungahoywa yi
ingqiqo ebalulekileyo yokuba i-pedagogy sisiphumo semizabalazo ethile, iiprojekthi,
kunye neemeko zembali kunokuba nje iseti ephambili yemigqaliselo
enokunyanzeliswa kuwo nawuphi na umxholo okanye igumbi lokufundela.
Ngelishwa,
abafundisi-ntsapho abaninzi, abazali, nabantu basekuhlaleni babonakala bethe phithi ngabantu abatsha
kodwa hayi ngombono wokumamela iimfuno zabo okanye ukulungisa
iingxaki abajongene nazo. Indlela uluntu oluphatha ngayo ulutsha lwalo inika umbono wendlela
ilungelelanisa ukungavisisani phakathi kweemfuno zeshishini kunye nemilinganiselo yedemokhrasi kwinto enye
isandla, kwaye kwelinye icala, inyaniso yokuphelelwa lithemba nokubandezeleka abaninzi
abantwana bajongana yonke imihla.
Ukuba izikolo ziya
bafezekise uxanduva lwabo lokufundisa abafundi ukuba bathathele ingqalelo iimfuno zentlalo
ubumi kunye nobunkokeli bedemokhrasi ngelixa uhlala kuqoqosho lwehlabathi,
Ootitshala kufuneka bayichaze ngokutsha intsingiselo nenjongo yesikolo ngeendlela eziya kuthi
zombini zomeleza inkqubo yemfundo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye zinike amandla kwaye zenze nzulu
amathuba edemokhrasi emandla. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka ootitshala abaqhubela phambili
ukuchaza imfundo ephakamileyo neyoluntu njengomthombo obalulekileyo ekuyilweni kwe
uluntu apho idemokrasi inabela kuzo zonke iinkalo ezibalulekileyo zobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Eyona nto iphambili apha yimfuneko yokufundisa abafundi ngolwazi nezakhono abanazo
kuya kufuneka ukuba babandakanye ihlabathi likawonke-wonke, ukuze babe ngabadlali ababalulekileyo kwisikhululo
iqonga. Oku kuphakamisa iinkqubo zemfundo ezidibanisa ingcinga ebalulekileyo
intshukumo ehlangeneyo, ulwazi kunye namandla okuswela umonde okunzulu ngewonga
quo, kunye ne-arhente yoluntu kuxanduva lwentlalo. Embindini womsebenzi onjalo
imfuneko yokuba izifundiswa kunye nabasebenzi benkcubeko bahlangane kunye kunye nokuchasa
ukuguqulwa kwezikolo zikarhulumente kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo zibe yi-crass commercial
amanqanaba.
Inikezwe okwangoku
uhlaselo kuluntu kunye neendlela eziqhubela phambili zemfundo, kubaluleke kakhulu kwezopolitiko
nokuba ootitshala kuwo onke amanqanaba emfundo bakhuselwe njengenguqu
iinkcuba-buchopho ezibonelela ngenkonzo yoluntu eyimfuneko kwisizwe. Enjalo
isibheno asinakwenziwa nje ngegama lobungcali kodwa ngokwemiqathango
amathuba anje ngoongqondongqondo adala ukuba abantu abatsha bafunde ukulawula
endaweni yokulawulwa, zibeke njengeearhente ezigxekayo, kwaye zinikwe
amathuba okwandisa amathuba obomi boluntu bedemokhrasi.
Iinkcuba-buchopho ezihlala kwizikolo zelizwe lethu kunye neeyunivesithi zivelisa kwaye
ukulamla iimeko apho izizukulwana ezizayo zifunda ngazo kwaye
ubudlelwane babo nabanye kunye nehlabathi, kwaye ngokwenza njalo bakhe ukufundisa
izenzo ezithi ngokwendalo yazo zibe zezokuziphatha nezobupolitika, kunokuba zibe lula
zobugcisa. Okona kulungileyo, ezo ndlela zokufundisa zinikela ubungqina bokuziphatha kunye
iingxaki zezopolitiko ezivuselela imbonakalo yentlalo ebanzi.
Oku kucebisa
nokuba ootitshala abanenkqubela mabazichase ngamandla ezo ndlela zokufundisa utitshala
imfundo neenkqubo ezithatha ootitshala njengamagcisa nje, kwaye zibethelele
icandelo lobuchwephesha, udidi, kunye nesini sabasebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuba ootitshala
ngokudibeneyo baququzelele kwaye bachase iinzame zangoku kulo lonke ilizwe ukuba
ukufundisa ootitshala ngezakhono ngokwandisa ulawulo ngokweenjongo schemes,
izikimu zokuvavanya, kunye neendlela ze-bureaucratic zokuphendula. Ngokufanayo, ukwenza i
Ipolitiki icebisa ukuba ootitshala nabanye baququzelele ngokuchaseneyo
ukuthathwa kwezikolo ngokuhlangeneyo, ngakumbi kwimfundo ephakamileyo, kulwelwa
khusela imisebenzi ye-faculty esisigxina, jika imisebenzi edibeneyo ibe yexesha elizeleyo
izikhundla, ukwandisa izibonelelo kubasebenzi bexeshana, kunye nokubeka amandla amaninzi kwi
izandla zefaculty kunye nabafundi. Ngaphezu koko, umzabalazo onjalo kufuneka ujongane ne
iimeko zokuxhaphaza apho abafundi abaninzi abaphumeleleyo basebenza-equka a
de facto umkhosi wabasebenzi benkonzo abahlawulwa kancinci, basebenze kakhulu, kwaye bachetywe nayiphi na
amandla okwenene okanye iinzuzo.
Progressive
Ootitshala kufuneka baqonde ukuba oko bakufundisayo kwanendlela abafundisa ngayo kufuneka
zixhomekeke kuhlalutyo olunzulu. Kwanolwazi olufundiswa ngootitshala
kwaneendlela abafundisa ngazo zimsulwa; bobabini baziswa ngemilinganiselo leyo
Kufuneka ziqatshelwe kwaye zithathelwe ingqalelo iimpembelelo neziphumo zazo.
Ndicebisa apha ukuba ootitshala abanenkqubela babonelele ngeemeko
abafundi baqonde ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kolwazi kunye namandla kunokuba
ukukhululwa, ukuba iimbali zabo kunye namava abalulekile, kwaye yintoni na
Ukuthetha nokwenza kungabalwa njengenxalenye yomzabalazo obanzi wokutshintsha ihlabathi jikelele
bona. Ngokukodwa ngakumbi, ootitshala kufuneka baxoxe ngeendlela zokufundisa ezivalayo
umsantsa phakathi kwesikolo nehlabathi lokwenyani. Ikharityhulamu kufuneka icwangciswe
malunga nolwazi olunxulumene noluntu, iinkcubeko, kunye nezithethe
ukunika abafundi ulwazi lwembali, ubuni, kunye nendawo. Abafundisi kufuneka babe
ithathele ingqalelo izibonelelo zenkcubeko eziziswa ngabafundi ezikolweni. Ngokuyinxenye,
oku kuphakamisa ukuba ootitshala babe ngabagqithi imida, bazimisele ukuphonononga izifundo
iindawo ezininzi kunye neefom zenkcubeko eziveliswa ngabantu abatsha ukuze benze ezabo
iindlela zokuviwa. Ann Powers, umbhali we ENew York Times, Unayo
ngokuqonda wabonisa ukuba njengoko abantu abatsha baye bavalelwa ngaphandle ezinkulu
uluntu, bazenzele ezabo iiwebhusayithi, ezinye iinkqubo zikanomathotholo,
โbapapashe ezabo iimanifesto kwiifanzi ezifotokotshiweyo, benza owabo umculo
baza babelana ngayo kwikhasethi, bayila ezabo iifashoni baza balungiselela ukuba nazo
zithengiswa kwiivenkile zokutyela.โ Ngapha koko, uPowers uye waxoxa ukuba amabhinqa amaninzi aselula awenzanga
bahlala ecaleni njengoko bezibona bechazwe kakubi kwinkcubeko yaseMelika
I-landscape njengevila, i-shiftless, inobungozi, kunye ne-pathological. Ekuphenduleni, bona
baye bavelisa "inkcubeko yamantombazana ekude, ebandakanya abaselula abanesibindi
iimbaleki, iimvumi, abenzi beefilimu kunye nababhali [nto leyo] ekhuthazayo
intetho yenkululeko yabasetyhini. [Ukongeza], amaqela amatsha ntliziyo afana neYELL, i
I-ACT Up icandelo lolutshaโฆbayile iindlela ezintsha zokufundisa ngesondo ngokhuseleko.
Jon Katz
ngokuqinisekisayo uthi โabantwana bangoyena ndoqo wolwazi
revolution, zero emhlabeni yedijithali. Bancedisa ukuyakha, bona
bayayiqonda kananjalo, okanye ngcono kunaye nabani na [kwaye] bakwinto entsha
uhlobo lwendawo yenkcubeko." Lo ngumbono obaluleke ngakumbi ekukhanyeni
uhlaselo lwamajelo eendaba kunye nekhwelo lokujongwa kwe-Intanethi okwavelayo
emva kokubulawa kwabantu eLittleton. Ezi sayithi zivelisa i-pedagogies yoluntu kwaye kufuneka zibe
kujongwa nzulu njengobuchwephesha obuvelisa ulwazi kunye namanqanaba afunekayo
iintlobo ezintsha zokufunda. Abafundisi-ntsapho abaninzi kunye nabantu abadala kufuneka bazichaze ngokutsha ezabo
ukuqonda itekhnoloji entsha, amandla amatsha ehlabathi abaxhasayo,
kunye nezinto ezintsha zokufunda abazivelisileyo. Amajelo amatsha, kuquka ne-Intanethi
kunye nenkcubeko yekhompyuter, kufuneka ibe zizinto ezinzulu zohlalutyo lwemfundo.
Ubudlelwane boluntu, amaqela, kunye namava enkcubeko aveliswa yile mithombo yeendaba
phakathi kwabantu abatsha kufuneka ubandakanywe kwikharityhulam yesikolo ngokuzimisela
njengofundo lwembali, isiNgesi, kunye nobugcisa bolwimi. Abafundi kufuneka babe
amathuba, njengoko umfundisi we-MIT uHenry Jenkins ebonisa, ukwenza inkxaso
uluntu malunga nomdla wabo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemidiya yedijithali, kanye njengoko
izikolo kufuneka zenze ulwazi lwemidiya kunye nokuveliswa kwemidiya kube yeyona nto iphambili ekufundeni
inkqubo yabantu abatsha.
Indlela enjalo
icebisa iindlela zokufundisa ezenza ngaphezu kokwenza umxholo wokufunda ungqale,
ukwalatha kwimfuno yokwandisa uluhlu lwemibhalo yenkcubeko eyazisayo
oko kubaluleke njengolwazi. Abafundisi kufuneka baliqonde ihlabathi lamajelo eendaba
imibhalo- iividiyo, iifilimu, umculo, kunye nezinye iindlela zenkcubeko edumileyo
yenziwe ngaphandle kweteknoloji yoshicilelo. Umxholo wekharityhulam
kufuneka iqinisekise kwaye ityebise ngokunzulu intsingiselo, ulwimi, kunye nolwazi
abafundi ngokwenene basebenzisa uthethathethwano nokwazisa ubomi babo.
Ukufunda ngokungekho sikweni
kulutsha oluninzi lunxibelelene ngokuthe ngqo nokubukela iiCD-ROMโS, iividiyo,
iifilimu, umabonwakude, kunye neekhompyutha. Abafundi kufuneka bafunde indlela yokufunda ezi zintsha
izicatshulwa zenkcubeko ngokunzulu, kodwa kufuneka bafunde nendlela yokuyila ezabo
izicatshulwa zenkcubeko ngokugqwesa izakhono zobugcisa ezifunekayo ukuvelisa umabonakude
asebenzisa iikhamera zevidiyo, abhale iinkqubo zeCD-ROM, aze avelise umabonwakude
amaxwebhu. Kukho inani elikhulayo lezinye iinkqubo zesikolo ezithi
baye baphuhlisa iinkqubo zokufundisa kumajelo eendaba ezinempumelelo kakhulu. Ezi nkqubo ziyadibanisa
ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala olusisiseko olujolise ekufundeni nasekubhaleni ngeeklasi ezijolise ekufundeni
iziseko zevidiyo, ikhompyuter, kunye nenkqubo kamabonakude. Ezi zokufundisa
iindlela zivumela abantwana ukuba babalise amabali abo, bafunde ukubhala imibhalo, kunye
indlela yokubandakanyeka kwiinkqubo zezenzo zoluntu. Baphinda bacele umngeni kwi
Ingqikelelo yokuba imibhalo yenkcubeko eyaziwayo ayinakubaluleka ngokunzulu njengoko
imithombo yemveli yokufunda ekufundiseni ngemiba ebalulekileyo eyakhiweyo
ngokusebenzisa, umzekelo, lens yentlalo yentlupheko, ungquzulwano ngokobuhlanga, kunye nesini
ucalucalulo. Lo ayingombandela wokuxambulisana nenkcubeko edumileyo
imithombo yekharityhulam yemveli njengoko kungumbandela wokusebenzisa zombini ngokulinganayo
indlela yolwazi. Kodwa ubugcisa obutsha kufuneka bufundwe njengenxalenye ye
uhlalutyo olubanzi lwe-capitalism yehlabathi.
Ulutsha lubonisa
kuko konke ukungafani kwayo okunokwenzeka kunye noloyiko lwabantu abadala kufuneka bajongane nabo xa be
phinda ucinge ngekamva ngelixa ulungisa into yangoku. Ukuya kwinqanaba elikhulu
amacandelo olutsha akabandakanywa kulwimi, amalungelo, kunye nezinyanzeliso
idemokhrasi ibonisa iqondo apho abantu abadala abaninzi baye balulahla ulwimi,
ukusebenza, kunye noxanduva lobumi obubalulekileyo kunye noxanduva loluntu.
Esi sisifundo esingenakungahoywa ngenxa yentlekele yaseLittleton,
kunye neentlekele ezininzi ezingaxelwanga ezenzeka kwizikolo zasezidolophini ezihlwempuzekileyo
yonke imihla. Akukho mathandabuzo amancinci ukuba uluntu lwaseMelika luyasilela
abantwana. Ingxaki yolutsha imele ingxaki yedemokhrasi. Abafundisi bayafuneka
ukugxila kule ngxaki kunye nokusebenza nabanye ukulungisa le ngxaki
imiba echazayo kunye nezibonelelo kunye nobuchule obufunekayo ukuyilungisa. Thina
Kufuneka kujongwe kuhlaziyo lwezemfundo njengomba wezopolitiko nokuziphatha
ubunkokeli hayi nje umba wolawulo. Njengabafundisi-nkqubela,
kufuneka sibeke imbeko kubomi babantwana ngokubuza imibuzo ebalulekileyo efana nale
yintoni efanele iphunyezwe zizikolo nesizathu sokuba zingaphumeleli, yaye oko kungaphumeleli njani
iqondwa kwiseti ebanzi yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, ezomoya kunye nezenkcubeko
ubudlelwane. Abaqhubekileyo kufuneka bazikhumbuze kweli xesha ligqubayo
ubuntu obubodwa ukuba ukuthengwa kwempahla akufuneki ibe lolona hlobo lobumi kuphela
ezinikezelwa kubantwana bethu, nokuba izikolo kufuneka zisebenzele ukunceda uluntu
ilungile kwaye ingabonwa njengomthombo wenzuzo yabucala esusiweyo kwi
iintshukumo zamandla kunye nobulungisa.
Z
UHenry Giroux ukwi-faculty yasePenn State kwaye ungumbhali we The
IMouse egqumayo: iDisney kunye nokuphela kobumsulwa (Rowman kunye
Littlefield).