Kulo nyaka uphelileyo kwabona ukwanda okumandla e-UK, ukwanda okukhulu kwenkxaso yeGreen Party kulungiselelo lokuya kuNyulo Jikelele ngoMeyi, kunye noloyiso olukhulu lukaJeremy Corbyn njengoko wonyulwa njengenkokeli yeBritish Labour Party. Oku kulandele ekunyukeni eSkotlani okwaphumelela iScottish National Party izihlalo ezingama-56 kwezingama-59 kwipalamente yase-UK kunyulo jikelele lwaseBritane (balawula norhulumente ozinikeleyo waseSkotlani).
Ingaba le mikhosi inxulumana njani enye kwenye, kwaye ingaba banalo naliphi na ithuba lokuchaphazela umgaqo-nkqubo okanye amaziko ngendlela ehlala ihleli?
I โGreen Surge,โ eyaqala ekuqaleni kuka-2014, yaphinda yaphinda kane ubulungu beBritish Green Party ngonyaka ukuya ngaphezulu kwama-60,000. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-Green Party iye yaba liqela lasekhohlo kunye neqela lokusingqongileyo. Kwakukho i-spike enkulu ngamanani (kunye nenkxaso yoluntu) ngoJanuwari 2015 emva kokuba kwacaca ukuba abasasazo baseBritani abazange bazimisele ukubandakanya iGreens kwiingxoxo zikamabonwakude ekuqhubeni unyulo lukaMeyi-isigqibo esakhawulezayo. umva.
Ngexesha lonyulo, iivoti zeGreens nazo zaphindaphindeka kane, zaya kutsho ngaphezulu kwesigidi esinye, kodwa ngenxa yenkqubo yonyulo yaseBritane โeyayidlula isithubaโ iqela ligcine isihlalo salo eBrighton. Inkokeli yeGreen Party, uNatalie Bennett, unyanzelise ukuba abavoti baphendule kwinkxaso yombutho kumvuzo ophantsi ongaphantsi kwe-10 le-ยฃ 2020, ukwenza oololiwe kuzwelonke, ukuthintela inzuzo yabucala kwiNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe, ukuma kwayo "okulungileyo kunye nobuntu" malunga nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokuzimisela kwayo ngamandla. ukujongana neqela elichasene nabaphambukeli e-UK Independence Party.
Enye into eqhuba ukwanda kobulungu obuhlaza ukuya kutsho ngoMeyi ka-2015 kubonakala ngathi yayiyingcamango yokuba i-Green Party yayiyi-party ye-anti-austerity party, ngelixa i-Labour ingasakwazi ukwenza elo bango. Oko kwatshintsha kakhulu ngoSeptemba ka-2015, xa uJeremy Corbyn owashiya ubomi bakhe bonke wonyulwa njengenkokeli yeBhritane yeLabour Party malunga neepesenti ezingama-60 zeevoti ezikhethwa kuqala (imbangi yakhe ekufutshane yayinepesenti ezili-19). Kamsinya nje emva kokuphumelela, uCorbyn wanikela ingqalelo kwisibakala sokuba abantu โbakruqukile kukungabikho kokusesikweni nokungalinganiโ kweBritani.
Iqela elitsha lezopolitiko elibizwa ngokuba yi "Momentum" likhule ngaphakathi kwi-Labour Party ukuxhasa imigaqo-nkqubo kaCorbyn. Ijonge ukusebenza kumanqanaba asezantsi โkuzo zonke iidolophu, idolophu kunye nelaliโ โukukhuthaza ukuhlanganisa abantu abaninzi ukwenzela uluntu olunedemokhrasi ngakumbi, olulinganayo nolunesidimaโ. Uhlolisiso oluye lwenziwa ngabalindi kwiingingqi zovoto ezingaphezu kwe-100 eNgilani, eSkotlani naseWales lwafumanisa ukuba uninzi lwazo luye lwabona โukuphinda-phindwe kabini, ukungcangcazela, ukuphinda-phindwe kane okanye ukongezwaโ kwamalungu.
Ngokubanzi, amalungu eqela aphantse aphindwe kabini ukusuka kwi-201,293 ngomhla wesi-6 kuMeyi 2015, ngaphambi nje konyulo jikelele, ukuya kwi-388,407 ngomhla we-10 kaJanuwari 2016. Uninzi lwale "red surge" ivela kubalandeli baseCorbyn (nokuba ngamalungu amatsha okanye abantu ababuya emva kukaBlair. iminyaka).
Amanye ala mandla avela kuma-radicals amancinci awayekade eyinxalenye ye-Green Surge, kwaye abona i-Corbyn's Labor njengesithuthi esinamandla sohlobo olufanayo lwezopolitiko olukhokelela ekuxhaseni iGreens.
Kukho ukuguquguquka kwezopolitiko ezichasene nokusekwa. I-Green Surge kulo lonke elase-Bhritane inokulandwa emva kwisiphithiphithi esijikeleze uvoto malunga nenkululeko yaseSkotlani, ethe yabona umtsi omkhulu kubulungu beQela laseScottish Green. Ukungaphumeleli kwephulo lokuzimela ngoSeptemba 2014 (ngama-45 ekhulwini ukuya kuma-55 ekhulwini) ngokwenene kwavuselela abantu abaninzi ukuba bajoyine i-Greens, i-Scottish Nationalists (SNP) kunye namanye amaqela axhasa ukuzimela (kunye ne-anti-austerity).
Phakathi kukaJanuwari noDisemba 2014, ubulungu beScottish Greens benyuka ngama-625 ekhulwini ukusuka kwi-1,200 ukuya kwi-7,500. I-SNP iphindwe kabini ubulungu bayo kwi-110,000, iyenza ibe yiqela lezopolitiko elikhulu eBrithani, nangona iSkotlani iqulethe ngaphantsi kwe-10 ekhulwini labantu baseBritani.
I-pro-independence kunye ne-radical surge yaba yinto ekuncedeni i-SNP ukuba iphumelele izihlalo ezimangalisayo ze-56 kwi-59 yaseScotland kwipalamente yase-Westminster kunyulo jikelele lwaseBritane ngoMeyi 2015.
Isakhono se-SNP sokuhambisa imvakalelo yokuchasana nobungqongqo kwizihlalo ayithethi ukuba liqela lokwenyani elichasene nobungqongqo. NgoDisemba 2015, urhulumente we-SNP e-Edinburgh wenqaba ukusebenzisa amandla akhe amatsha okunyusa irhafu ukukhusela inkcitho kawonkewonke, ukusika kwibhodi ukuze kukhuseleke icandelo lezempilo.
Ayimangalisi into yokuba kukho imbilini yokunganeliseki njengoko i-Conservative Party ibeka imigaqo-nkqubo ekhohlakeleyo yokungcungcuthekisa emva kobunzima bezemali, kwaye izityebi zityeba ngakumbi ngelixa uninzi lwabantu base-UK belahlekelwa.
Ayimangalisi into yokuba uninzi lokunganeliseki luzibonakalisa kubuhlanga obuchasene nabaphambukeli nakwi-Islamophobia. Oku kondle ukukhula kwe-Anti-European Union kunye ne-anti-immigrant UK Independence Party (nangona emva kokungaphumeleli kwayo kunyulo jikelele lwe-2015 iqela lichazwe ukuba lilahlekelwe yikota ye-50,000 yamalungu).
Omnye unokukhomba amaqela aphikisayo afana ne-UKIP kwamanye amazwe aseNtshona Yurophu, kuquka i-Front National eFransi (eyayineevoti ezingama-28 kunyulo lwengingqi ngoDisemba), i-Dutch Freedom Party (eyabhala inkxaso ye-29 ekhulwini ekuqaleni kukaJanuwari, ukubenza elona qela likhulu kweli lizwe), kunye neSweden Democrats (inkxaso ye-19 yeepesenti kwiivoti zamva nje).
Kukho namaqela aseYurophu azame ukuhambisa ukunganeliseki kwiindlela ezihamba phambili kwiminyaka yamuva - iSyriza, eyaphumelela ukhetho eGrisi ngoJanuwari noSeptemba 2015; I-Podemos, eyafika kwindawo yesithathu kunyulo jikelele eSpeyin ngoDisemba, kunye ne-Five Star Movement e-Italy (enamasekela angama-108, iisenenja ze-54 kunye ne-17 MEPs).
Omnye weyona mingeni mikhulu ejongene nenkqubela phambili yamaqela achasene nokusekwa kunye neentshukumo ngulo wokucenga. Ufikelela njani kuluntu ngohlalutyo lwakho xa behlaselwe yi-propaganda ye-right-wing ngokusebenzisa imidiya?
Ngokomzekelo, ugxininiso oluphambili lukaJeremy Corbyn njengenkokeli yaBasebenzi ukulwa nobungqongqo. Noko ke, uhlolisiso olwenziwa ngoAgasti 2015 lufumanise ukuba abantu abaninzi baseBritani bayayamkela intsomi ye-neoliberal yokuba i-56 pesenti yabo babuzwayo bavumelana nayo, ibe yi-16 ekhulwini kuphela engavumelaniyo nale ngxelo: โSimele siphile ngokwemali yethu, ngoko ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunciphisa intsilelo.โ
Omnye umceli mngeni kukudala iifomu zokuthatha inxaxheba kwedemokhrasi ngaphakathi eziya kukhulisa amandla ovukelo kumalungu amatsha endaweni yokuwaminxa. Kuwo omabini amaqela eLabour and Green, amalungu amatsha (nabancinci) athe ajoyina kulo nyaka uphelileyo ngobuninzi babo azibone esokola ngokusesikweni. Amaqela amaninzi engingqi asebenza esebenzisa iinkqubo ezisusela kwixesha langaphambili, kwaye ezihlala ziziva zingenamdla kubantu abakhe bafumana inkcubeko yobutsha-ntliziyo esekelwe kwimvumelwano ephenjelelwe yi-anarchism.
Ukuba sijonga emva kwintshukumo ejikeleze uTony Benn kwi-Labour Party kwi-1980s, eyayine-ajenda enzulu kurhulumente kunye ne-"Campaign for Labour Party Democracy" yokuzama ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo evotelwe ngumbutho iya kwenziwa. ngurhulumente wezabasebenzi.
Ngaba le misinga emitsha iyakwazi ukuzimilisela kula maqela kwaye incede ekuphumeleleni utshintsho? Okuninzi kuxhomekeke ekubeni, ngaphandle kwenkqubo yombutho, kuyaphuhla imibutho emikhulu yasekuhlaleni enengcambu enzulu kwaye enokumelana nezothuso ezisezayo, nezinokuthi zombini zixhase amaqela kwaye ziwaphendulise.
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Oku kunomdla kwaye ndicinga ukuba kuchanekile. Nangona kunjalo ndiza kubonisa ukuba i-UK Independence Party (UKIP) ekude kakhulu, leyo iMilan Rai ikhankanya ayizange iphumelele - ngendlela yokuba ifezekise injongo yabaphathi yokuphambukisa izigidi zeevoti kwi-Labour. Nangona ngokuqinisekileyo ithathe iivoti ezithile kwiqela le-Tory kwaye ilahlekelwe ngamalungu ukususela kunyulo isenamandla anamandla. Okwangoku alikho kumajelo eendaba - unyulo jikelele olulandelayo lusele luphele iminyaka emine - kodwa i-referendum ezayo malunga nobulungu be-European Union iya kubona into yokuvela kwakhona, nangona mhlawumbi ithulisiwe ngandlela thile njengoko abaphathi bengafuni ivoti yokuphuma. Enye into enomdla yokunyuka okuluhlaza kukuba ilandele isenzo ezitalatweni yiLungu lePalamente enye kunye namanye amalungu aphezulu.
Omnye ophulukene kakhulu nolonyulo lonyaka ophelileyo yayiliQela leLiberal kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba iGreens izuze abavoti abaninzi kunye namalungu ekuweni kwabo.
Okucacileyo kukuba nawaphi na amalinge okuhlala epalamente kunye neeTories okanye iziqwenga zabo ziya kuwa phantsi. Kuphela abona bantu bahamba phambili abanomgaqo-nkqubo banokuma kweli qonga, kwaye igqala elinjengoJeremy Corbyn ongenakungcoliswa yi-epitaph ebomvu - uyaziqhenya ngokuba bomvu kunye nenkqubela phambili - yindawo yokuhlanganisana kwabaninzi. Iziqinisekiso zakhe zokuchasa ubuhlanga kunye nemfazwe azichanekanga kwaye unenkxaso ethile kwimibutho yabasebenzi. Kodwa owona msebenzi wakhe uphambili okwangoku kukwakha kwakhona iQela lezaBasebenzi elonakaliswe yimfazwe kunye nengozi ka-2008, nangayiphi na inkohliso enokuthi iphakamise malunga nokukwazi kweqela ukufezekisa nantoni na kwimeko yemozulu yangoku.