Umthombo: UMgaqo-nkqubo waNgaphandle kuGxininiso
Ifoto nguFilippo Ceccanibbi/Shutterstock
Ngesinye isikhathi, i-hypochondriac ecebileyo yayikhalaza ngeentlungu entloko nasesiswini. Wathetha nendoda esisilumko eyabonisa ukuba unobangela wale ngxaki ukwindawo ethile: emehlweni endoda. Ukusombulula intloko engapheliyo kunye nesisu esibuhlungu, i-sage yacebisa ukuba igxininise kumbala omnye kwindawo ejikelezileyo - eluhlaza - kwaye ungayihoyi bonke abanye.
Isityebi sakhawuleza saqesha abasebenzi ukuba bagqume yonke into ebonakala ngepeyinti eluhlaza ukuze kube lula ukulandela loo myalelo ukhethekileyo. Kwiintsuku ezilishumi kamva, xa isilumko sabuya nesambatho saso esinesafron, umsebรฉnzi wakhawuleza waya kumgalela ngepeyinti eluhlaza.
โUmoshe imali eninzi ngobutyhakala bakho,โ isilumko esisasazwe ngepeyinti sayigxeka indoda esisityebi. "Ukuba nje ubuthenge iperile yemiboniso eluhlaza, exabisa iirupee ezine, ngewuzigcine ezi ndonga nemithi neembiza neepani nezitulo kunye neesofa kunye nesabelo esikhulu kakhulu sethamsanqa lakho."
Isilumko safikelela kubude baso ukuze sidlulise umyalezo waso wokugqibela: โAwunakupeyinta umhlaba oluhlaza!โ
Ukuziphatha oku intsomi yesiHindi ilula. Awunako ukutshintsha ihlabathi. Unokutshintsha kuphela indlela ojonga ngayo umhlaba. Ukuqonda yinto yonke.
Esi silumkiso asifanelekanga ngakumbi kula maxesha anamhlanje. Ngengxaki yemozulu ecinezela iplanethi, uluntu kufuneka lutshintshe umhlaba okanye lujongane nokuphela. Ngokufuziselayo, ngokwenene simele sipeyinte umhlaba oluhlazaโkwaye singabahoyi abo babizwa ngokuba zizilumko abasixelela ukuba sinxibe nje iindondo ezinemibala eluhlaza.
Ehlabathini lokwenyani, olu khetho lufikelela ezantsi ekucutheni umhlaba wekhabhoni okanye ukunikezela kuhlobo โlokuhlamba uhlazaโ olunika kuphela ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo olukhohlisayo.
Ulawulo lweBiden lujongene nolu khetho lunye. Ngaba iya kuchitha imali eninzi ukunceda ukupeyinta umhlaba oluhlaza okanye ukunika nje iilensi ezinemibala, nokuba ziluhlaza okanye zirozi, ukwenza sonke sicinge ukuba iplanethi isindisiwe?
Iluhlaza kangakanani iPolisi Yakhe?
Umsebenzi wokuqala kulawulo olungenayo lwe-Biden ibe kukucoca indawo yokulahla inkunkuma enetyhefu kumongameli wangaphambili. Oko kuthetha ukuphinda uhlangane nesivumelwano semozulu saseParis, ukurhoxisa umbhobho we-Keystone XL, kunye nokubuyisela imimiselo emininzi yokusingqongileyo eyehliswe nguDonald Trump. Ulawulo olutsha luye lwanqumamisa ukombiwa kweoyile entsha kunye nerhasi kumhlaba womdibaniso. Ibuyisele umva umzamo kaTrump wokwenza buthathaka uMthetho woMoya ococekileyo. Iye yaxhasa isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe sokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kweehydrofluorocarbons. Lilonke, ulawulo lujonge ukubuyela emva emhlabeni 100 imizamo Trump kaThixo ukuthanda ishishini ngaphezu kokusingqongileyo.
Ezi ntshukumo ziya kubuyisela i-United States kwi-status quo ante. Ulawulo, nangona kunjalo, lunezicwangciso zamabhongo ngakumbi.
Kumyalelo wakhe olawulayo we-27 kaJanuwari malunga "nokujongana nengxaki yemozulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe," uBiden uchaze uluhlu oluneenkcukacha lwamanyathelo athathiweyo. isebenzisa amagama angama-7,500. Inyaniso yokuba lo myalelo ulungisa โingxubakaxaka yemozuluโ hayi nje โukutshintsha kwemozuluโ luphawu olubalulekileyo lobuzaza abalawuli abawuthatha ngalo lo mba.
Ulandelelwano luqala ngala magama:
Sinexesha elimxinwa lokulandela inyathelo ekhaya nakumazwe aphesheya ukuze siphephe ezona mpembelelo ziyintlekele zaloo ntlekele kunye nokusebenzisa ithuba elivelayo lokuhlangabezana nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Isenzo sasekhaya kufuneka sihambe kunye neenkokeli zamazwe ngamazwe zase-United States, ezijolise ekuphuculeni ngokubonakalayo isenzo sehlabathi. Sikunye, kufuneka simamele isayensi kwaye sidibane nomzuzu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulawulo luvakalise ukuba i-United States iya kuba yi-carbon-neutral ngo-2050, okuya kufuna ukucutha okunyukayo kwi-emissions. โKufuneka sinyuse isikhuseli somthi ngokukhawuleza kahlanu kunokuba sinjalo,โ uthi UJohn Kerry, umthunywa okhethekileyo weBiden kwimozulu. โKufuneka sinyuse amandla ahlaziyekayo ngokukhawuleza kathandathu. Kwaye utshintsho oluya kwizithuthi zombane kufuneka lwenzeke ngokukhawuleza izihlandlo ezingama-22.โ
Kodwa njengesithembiso sayo sokuqala sokugonya abantu abazizigidi ezili-100 ngeentsuku ezili-100, abalawuli sele betyhalwa ukuba benze ngcono. Amanye amazwe akhuphisana ukuba angathathi hlangothi ngokukhawuleza kwekhabhoni: iSweden yazibophelela ukuba ingathathi hlangothi ngo-2045, i-Austria ne-Iceland. baye bamisela ngokungekho sikweni u-2040 njengenjongo yabo, IFinland ijonge kwi-2035, kwaye zombini iNorway ne-Uruguay ilindele ukufezekisa uphawu ngo-2030. iapile, Microsoft, yaye Electric Jikelele bonke bazibophelele ekubeni bangathathi cala ngo-2030 ngokunjalo. General Motors umemezele ekupheleni kukaJanuwari ukuba iya kuthengisa kuphela iimoto ezikhupha i-zero-emission ngo-2035.
Inxalenye ephambili yogqatso lwase-US lokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni luguqulelo lolawulo lwe-Biden lweSivumelwano esitsha esiHlaza. Olu โguquko lwamandla acocekileyoโ iifowuni ze ukutyala imali ezibhiliyoni zeerandi ezingama-400 kwiminyaka eli-10 ekuguquleni uqoqosho lwase-US ngendlela ezinzileyo, kudalwe imisebenzi ehlawula kakuhle ezizigidi ezili-10 kwicandelo lamandla acocekileyo kunye nokubeka ubulungisa kokusingqongileyo kumbindi wale nzame.
Kodwa ulawulo lunokwenza okuninzi ngee-odolo zesigqeba kunye neearhente zomdibaniso njengeSebe lezaMandla. Ngexesha elithile, iCongress kufuneka ithathe isigqibo sokuba iminyaka emine ezayo iya kuba yinguqu yehlabathi okanye i-greenwashing nje.
Kodwa iCongress-ingakumbi i-Senate-yingxaki. Kuya kuba nzima ukucenga abantu baseRiphabhlikhi kunye neeDemokhrasi ezinjengoJoe Manchin, omele ilizwe lemigodi yamalahle eWest Virginia, ukuba basayine kuyo nantoni na enenguqu ngokwenene. Kodwa iikhredithi zerhafu zamandla omoya kunye namandla elanga zibandakanyiwe kwiphakheji yokuvuselela kaDisemba ka-2020, exhaswe ngamaRiphabhlikhi. Kwaye uManchin sele encedisana i-American Jobs kuMthetho wokuVelisa amandla, enika inkuthazo yerhafu kumashishini atshintshela kwiimveliso zamandla acocekileyo. Kwakhona kwimisebenzi Ibutho leMozulu leMozulu, emiliselwe kwinyathelo elifana nelexesha le-New Deal-era, eliza kubhalisa abantu abangaqeshwanga nabangaqeshwanga ngokwaneleyo ukuze bancede kwimisebenzi enjengokutyalwa ngokutsha kwamahlathi kunye nokukhusela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo.
Kuya kuba nzima ukuhambisa iCongress kule ajenda yasekhaya. Icandelo lamazwe ngamazwe linokuba lithengiso elinamandla ngakumbi.
Ukuhamba ngokuluhlaza kumazwe ngamazwe
Ubuncinci ephepheni, ulawulo lweBiden lujonge ukwenza imeko yemozulu ibe yindlela yokuhlengahlengisa uninzi lomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US. Umyalelo wangoJanuwari 27 ufundeka ngolu hlobo: โIya kuba yinto ephambili eUnited States ukucinezela amabhongo okuphucula imozulu kunye nokudityaniswa koqwalaselo lwemozulu kuluhlu olubanzi lweeforam zamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iQela leSixhenxe (i-G7), iQela lamashumi amabini (G20) kunye neforamu ezijongana namandla acocekileyo, ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya, iinqanawa, iArctic, ulwandle, uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, ukufuduka, kunye nezinye izihloko ezifanelekileyo. โ
Umceli mngeni wokuqala kulawulo olutsha iya kuba kukubeka imali yalo apho umlomo walo ukhoyo, kwaye omnye umzekelo waloo nto ngamagalelo alo kwiNgxowa-mali yeMozulu yoBuhlaza. Yasekwa ngo-2010 ukunceda amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ekutshintsheni kude kumafutha efosili, iNgxowa-mali inyuse malunga ne-7 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwi-10 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ibithenjiswe ekuqaleni. Esona sizathu siphambili sokusilela yayiyiUnited States, leyo wathembisa i-3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kodwa kuhanjiswe i-1 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kuphela. Ekupheleni kuka-2019, iNgxowa-mali iye yaphinda yaphinda yazalisa ingxowa-mali yayo kwaye yafumana izibhambathiso ze-9.8 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
UKerry uye sele ibhengeziwe ukuba iUnited States iya kwenza okulungileyo kwisibophelelo sayo sangaphambili ngokuthumela i-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwiNgxowa-mali. Kodwa akazange athethe ngenkxaso yase-US malunga nokuzaliswa kwakhona. Abakhankasi bemozulu baye ubize abaphathi ukuphinda kabini ukuzibophelela kwayo kwasekuqaleni, njengoko inani lamazwe aseYurophu kunye noMzantsi Korea kunye neNew Zealand lenzile, kwaye inyuse iminikelo yayo ukuya kwi-9 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi. Isenzo esiluqilima esinje yi-United States ayinakuphembelela amanye amazwe nje ukuba aphumeze lo mgangatho uphakamileyo kodwa aphinde acinezele abangaphandle abafana neRussia ne-Australia ukuba bajoyine umzamo kwasekuqaleni.
Eyona ngxaki ikhawulezileyo, nangona kunjalo, iya kuba kukunyuka kwamanqanaba amatyala, ngakumbi kwiGlobal South, ukuba ubhubhane uguquke waba yingxaki enkulu. Inani lamazweโIZambia, iCosta Rica, iSri Lanka, iBrazilโayikhange ihlawule imali-mboleko yayo okanye ikufuphi nayo. Ngeli xesha, ingxaki yezemali yamazwe ahlwempuzekileyo iye yatyhala abaninzi ukuba bacinge ngokuyishiya imozulu- kunye nezithintelo ezilungele imeko-bume kumacandelo ayingozi afana nemigodi yemizi-mveliso ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neenzuzo zemali. Amaziko emali kumazwe ngamazwe akumisile ukuhlawulwa kwamatyala kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo kwihlabathi kwaye athathela ingqalelo iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulungisa, kuquka nokubonelelwa kwaMalungelo awodwa oMzobo (i-SDR) kumazwe asokolayo ngeNgxowa-mali yeMali yeZizwe ngeZizwe.
Akukacaci ukuba umi phi uBiden ekuhlawuleni amatyala okanye ukucinywa. Kodwa umyalelo olawulayo we-27 kaJanuwari malunga nengxaki yemozulu ibandakanya olu lungiselelo lulandelayo: โphuhlisa isicwangciso sendlela ilizwi nevoti yaseUnited States enokusetyenziswa ngayo kumaziko emali kumazwe ngamazwe, kuquka iWorld Bank Group kunye neInternational Monetary Fund, ukukhuthaza iinkqubo zenkxaso-mali, iipakethi zokuvuselela uqoqosho, kunye namanyathelo okuphelisa amatyala alungelelanisiweyo. kunye nokuxhasa iinjongo zeSivumelwano saseParis. " Kungenzeka ukuba ulawulo luya, endaweni yokucinywa kwamatyala, lukhuthaze uhlobo oluthile lwe ityala-kwindalo or ityala-for-imozulu utshintsho, kukhethwa kwiinguqulelo ezibandakanya uluhlu olukhulu lwabachaphazelekayo kubandakanywa amaqela emveli, okanye mhlawumbi umva ukukhutshwa kweebhondi ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwizalathi eziluhlaza.
Ingxaki yemozulu iya kuchaphazela indlela iMelika ethethathethana ngayo ngezivumelwano zorhwebo. Ukuqeshwa kukaBiden kwizikhundla eziphambili zorhwebo kubonisa ukuba uya kuba ukubeka iinkxalabo zabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo kumbindi womgaqo-nkqubo wase-US. Njengomgqatswa womongameli, uBiden ubongoze ukuba enze izivumelwano zorhwebo kwixesha elizayo zixhomekeke kumazwe ahlangabezana nezibophelelo zawo phantsi kwesivumelwano saseParis, kunye namalungu eCongress. sele betyhala umongameli omtsha ukutshintsha isivumelwano sorhwebo US-Canada-Mexico ukubonisa le meko. Olunye ukhetho olunokuthi lubekho kukuvalwa kwepetroli yokuthumela ngaphandle, apho iBiden inalo bavakalise inkxaso ethile.
Umongameli omtsha uceba ukubamba iNgqungquthela yeHlabathi yeMozulu ngoMhla woMhlaba kwinyanga ezayo, nangona ingakacaci ukuba intlanganiso enjalo iya kwahluka njani kuleyo ibibanjwe ngoDisemba ka-2020 ukuphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka emihlanu yesivumelwano saseParis. Abakhankasi bemozulu bayabongoza abalawuli basebenzise eli thuba ukugxila โkungcoliseko olukhuluโ olufana ne-methane, ikhabhoni emnyama, kunye nee-HFCs, ezinegalelo elingenakulinganiswa kubushushu behlabathi.
Okwangoku, amalungiselelo eCOP26 aqala ngoNovemba eGlasgow. Ubutshaba bolawulo lukaTrump kunye nokwahlulahlula ixesha lokuqwalaselwa kweqela le-Biden-singasathethi ke ngobhubhani we-COVID-19 oqhubekayo-kunokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwentlanganiso ye-UN. Isivumelwano saseParis sadibana ngenxa ye Iinyanga ezili-18 zothethathethwano olunzima lokuqala. Umzamo ofanayo wokwenza imvumelwano yangaphambili ye-COP26 iye yacotha ukuvela.
Ulawulo lweBiden luzibophelele kweminye imiba yokusingqongileyo. Liye lavumelana nephulo elithi โ30 by 30โ: ukukhusela ama-30 ekhulwini emimandla yaseUnited States nemimandla eselunxwemeni ngowama-2030. ukubekela bucala ama-440 ezigidi zeehektare ezingakumbi yomhlaba wolondolozo. Esi sibhambathiso, siyinxalenye yephulo lehlabathi lokulondoloza izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo, siya kufuna ukuba kuthotywe umva wemisebenzi yokumba kwimihlaba yomanyano.
Intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-United States ne-China ibalulekile kuwo nawuphi na umzamo wokusingqongileyo wehlabathi ukuqhubela phambili. I-China ngoku i-emitter ehamba phambili ye-carbon emhlabeni, nge phantse kabini umlinganiselo wonyaka eUnited States kwindawo yesibini (nangona iUnited States isakhokela ngokwemveliso eyongezelekayo ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye ne-capita ye-carbon footprint). Ngexesha leminyaka ka-Obama, la mazwe mabini ayile iCoca Energy Research Consortium (i-CERC), inyathelo likarhulumente-labucala elikhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso kumacandelo aliqela anxulumene namandla. Ukuhlaziya i-CERC iya kuba linyathelo lokuqala ekwandiseni intsebenziswano yase-US-China.
Ukulima ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunokuhamba kakuhle ngaphaya kwentsebenziswano yamandla amakhulu. I-United States ngoku ichitha i-81 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ngonyaka ukuze kukhuselwe ukuhanjiswa kweoli ehlabathini lonke, ngokutsho kolunye uqikelelo. Ubuninzi baloo mali endaweni yoko kufuneka iye ekupheliseni ukuthembela kumafutha efosili. Ukuba ukufikelela kwi-oyile kuba nokuxhomekeka kancinci, oko kuya kuba yinkuthazo enkulu ngakumbi kumahlakani ase-US ukuba akhawulezise utshintsho lwawo kumandla avuselelekayo.
Ulawulo Lokukhangela Imfundiso
Iimfundiso zikaMongameli bezisoloko zibonakalisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokugcina amandla ehlabathi e-US. Imfundiso kaNixon yayimalunga nokukhusela amahlakani. UCarter wenza isibhambathiso sokukhusela iimfuno zelizwe lase-US kwiPersian Gulf. UReagan wathembisa ukutyhala ngokuchasene neSoviet Union kwihlabathi liphela. UGeorge W. Bush ugxininise intshukumo yomkhosi waseMelika esecaleni. UTrump waqhubeka esenza "iMelika ibe ntle kwakhona."
UJoe Biden unethuba lokwamkela imfundiso eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka ayicacise into ekhoyo ngoku kwimiyalelo yakhe yesigqeba, ukuba uzinzo lokusingqongileyo luya kuba luvavanyo olukhulu lwe-litmus kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle waseMelika. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iya kuba sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba imfundiso yomongameli igxile kwizinto ezilungileyo zeplanethi kwaye kungekhona nje okulungileyo kwe-United States.
Ndiqinisekile ukuba uninzi lwabatsali ngeenyawo kwiCongress, kushishino, nakumajelo eendaba balinde nje ukuba uBiden abe โnesweatiโ yakhe, inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo yedilesi kamabonakude xa uJimmy Carter ezama ukuphakamisa ingxaki yamandla ombane. ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970 kwingxoxo enkulu yokuziphatha kunye nokungahambi kakuhle. Baza kufuna ukupeyinta i-Biden njengomchasi oluhlaza we-stiff esebenzayo, i-globalist engenalwazi, iMelika-laster. Ke, mhlawumbi kungcono ukuba i-Biden inqande iziteyitimenti ezintle zemfundiso okwangoku kwaye igxile endaweni yokupeyinta umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US oluhlaza, ukukhutshwa ngomba.
Ikamva le-United States alikaze lidityaniswe ngakumbi-ngentsholongwane, indalo, uqoqosho, kunye nobukho-kwikamva lehlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, akukhange kubekho xesha lingcono lokuba umongameli waseMelika angajongi iplanethi ngokwahlukileyo kodwa adibanise izandla namanye amazwe ukuze abe luhlaza.
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa ngemali kuphela ngesisa sabafundi bayo.
Nikela