Umthombo: The Grayzone
Ifoto ngu pcruciatti/Shutterstock
Kudliwanondlebe olukhethekileyo kunye ne-Grayzone, uCol. Douglas Macgregor, owayesakuba ngumcebisi omkhulu kwibamba likanobhala wezokhuselo, watyhila ukuba uMongameli uDonald Trump wothuse umkhosi wase-US kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva konyulo lukaNovemba ophelileyo ngokutyikitya umyalelo kamongameli othi makarhoxiswe. yonke imikhosi yase-US eseleyo evela e-Afghanistan ekupheleni konyaka.
Njengoko u-Macgregor wachaza i-Grayzone, umyalelo wokuhoxiswa wadibana noxinzelelo olunzulu oluvela kusihlalo we-Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), uGen. Mark M. Milley, owabangela ukuba umongameli abambe. UTrump uvumile ukurhoxisa isiqingatha kuphela se-5,000 yamajoni aseleyo elizweni. Akukho myalelo kaTrump okanye uxinzelelo oluvela kusihlalo we-JCS oluchazwe ngamajelo eendaba kazwelonke ngelo xesha.
Ukunikezela kukamongameli kubonise uloyiso lwamva nje lwePentagon kwiphulo lonyaka elide lokonakalisa isivumelwano soxolo sase-US-Taliban esasayinwa ngoFebruwari 2020. Iinkokeli zomkhosi kunye ne-DOD ngoko zandisa imfazwe yase-US eyintlekele kunye nengathandekiyo yeminyaka engama-20 e-Afghanistan kulawulo lukaMongameli uJoe. Biden.
Isivumelwano soxolo iPentagon yayizimisele ukubhukuqa
Ukubhukuqwa kwesivumelwano soxolo kunye neTaliban esaqalwa ziinkokeli zomkhosi wase-US eWashington nase-Afghanistan kwaqala ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba umthunywa kaTrump u-Zalmay Khalilzad enze uthethathethwano ngesivumelwano soxolo ngoNovemba ka-2019. woKhuselo uMark Esper.
NgoFebruwari 2020, phantsi koxinzelelo olunzima lokulungisa isivumelwano, uTrump wayalela uKhalilzad ukuba anike iTaliban isigqibo: vuma ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo njengengabula-zigcawu kwisivumelwano esibanzi soxolo, kuquka uthethathethwano norhulumente wase-Afghan, okanye isivumelwano siye sacinywa. I-Taliban yala ukupheliswa kwangoko kunye neKabul, nangona kunjalo, inikezela "ngokunciphisa ubundlobongela" kangangeentsuku ezisixhenxe ukuseka umoya ofanelekileyo wokuphumeza isivumelwano soxolo esele sigqityiwe ngokweenkcukacha. Kwangoko yanika i-US isiphelo sayo: ukuba i-US iyala unikezelo, abaxoxisi bayo baya kuhamba besuka etafileni.
Ukusindisa isivumelwano, uKhalilzad wavuma isindululo seTaliban seveki enye "yokuncitshiswa kobundlobongela" ngamacala omabini. Abachasi bafikelele ekuqondeni okungakumbi malunga nokuba "ukunciphisa ubundlobongela" kuya kuthetha ntoni: i-Taliban ivumile ukuba akuyi kubakho uhlaselo kumaziko abantu kunye neethagethi zasemkhosini zase-Afghan, kodwa banelungelo lokuhlasela ii-convoys zikarhulumente ukuba baxhaphaze ukunciphisa ukuze babambe ulawulo lweendawo ezintsha.
The Isivumelwano soxolo sase-US-Taliban esayinwe nge-29 kaFebruwari icele ukurhoxiswa kwemikhosi yase-US kwilizwe ngezigaba ezibini. Okokuqala, i-US yavuma ukunciphisa amanqanaba omkhosi wayo kwi-8600 kwiinyanga ze-4.5 kwaye isuse imikhosi kwiziseko zomkhosi ezintlanu ngaphambi kokurhoxiswa kokugqibela okuza kwenzeka ngoMeyi 2021. Okwesibini, i-US kunye namahlakani ayo bathembisa ukuba "bayeke ukusongela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokuchasene nengqibelelo yomhlaba okanye ukuzimela kwezopolitiko kwe-Afghanistan okanye ukungenelela kwimicimbi yayo yasekhaya. "
I-Taliban yathembisa ukuba "ayizukuvumela nawaphi na amalungu ayo, abanye abantu okanye amaqela, kuquka i-al-Qaeda, ukusebenzisa umhlaba wase-Afghanistan ukusongela ukhuseleko lwe-United States kunye namahlakani ayo."
Ezo zibophelelo zimbini zanyanzela imikhosi yase-US kunye neTaliban ukuba ingahlaselani. Isivumelwano sikwachaze ukuba i-Taliban iza kungena "kuthethathethwano lwase-Afghan nge-10 kaMatshi 2020, emva kokuba amaqela amabini ase-Afghanistan atshintshisana ngamabanjwa."
Bakwafuna ukuba iTaliban igcine abasebenzi be-al-Qaeda baphume e-Afghanistan - isibhambathiso sokuba ikhomishini yasemkhosini yaseTaliban ibonakala isenza ngoFebruwari xa ikhuphe iodolo kubo bonke abathetheli ababalelwayo โukuba bangangeni ezintlwini iintlanga, nokubanika indawo yokusabela.โ
Kodwa isivumelwano asizange sibonelele ngokupheliswa komlilo kwangoko phakathi kweTaliban kunye nemikhosi karhulumente wase-Afghan eyayifunwa ngumkhosi wase-US kunye nePentagon. Endaweni yoko "ukupheliswa okusisigxina kunye nokubanzi" kwakuza kuthetha-thethwana phakathi kwamaqela amabini ase-Afghan.
Ngokukhawuleza okothusayo kunye nokuzimisela, amagosa ePentagon kunye neenkokeli zomkhosi zasebenzisa imiqathango evulekileyo yokupheliswa komlilo ukudodobalisa ukuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano.
Unobhala wezoKhuselo u-Esper uthi isivumelwano soxolo sivumele umkhosi wase-US ukuba ukhusele imikhosi yase-Afghan, ephikisana ngokuphandle nesicatshulwa sesivumelwano. Emva koko wathembisa ngokuza kukukhusela urhulumente wase-Afghan ukuba iTaliban iqalile ukuhlasela imikhosi yayo, ibeka inqanaba lokuphulwa kwemithetho yaseMelika emhlabeni.
Isithembiso sikaEsper sokuqhubeka nenkxaso yomkhosi wase-US, yenziwe esidlangalaleni kwi-Congressional ubungqina kwiintsuku kamva, wanika urhulumente wase-Afghan inkuthazo ecacileyo yokwala nayiphi na imvume kwiTaliban. Umongameli wase-Afghanistan uAshraf Ghani ngokukhawuleza wala ukuqhubela phambili kunye notshintshiselwano lwamabanjwa oluthenjisiweyo de uthethathethwano olusesikweni kunye neTaliban luqalile.
AbakwaTaliban baphendule ngokuqalisa uthotho lohlaselo kumajoni karhulumente kwiindawo zokukhangela kwiindawo ekukhutshiswana kuzo. Umyalelo womkhosi wase-US e-Afghanistan uphendule ngohlaselo lomoya ngokuchasene nemikhosi yaseTaliban ebandakanyekayo kwenye yezo zenzo kwiphondo laseHelmand. Amagosa ase-US watsho bucala ukuba i-airstrike "yayingumyalezo oya kwi-Taliban" ukuqhubeka nento abayichaza "njengokunciphisa ukuzibophelela kobundlobongela ababevumelene ngakho ..."
Ukudityaniswa kwesiqinisekiso sika-Esper kurhulumente wase-Afghan kunye ne-airstrike yase-US yabonisa isandla sePentagon kunye neenkokheli zomkhosi. Kwakucacile ukuba abananjongo yokwamkela nje isivumelwano sokurhoxisa abasebenzi base-US abaseleyo e-Afghanistan, kwaye baya kwenza nantoni na ukuyityhila.
UGen. Kenneth McKenzie, intloko yeCentral Command, waphinda wagxininisa inkcaso yePentagon kwisivumelwano xa ibhengezwe kubungqina benkongolo ukuba ukurhoxa komkhosi kuya kumiselwa "yimeko emhlabeni." Ngamanye amazwi, kwakuxhomekeke kwisigwebo sabaphathi-mkhosi, kungekhona kwimigaqo yesivumelwano, ukugqiba ukuba imikhosi yase-US yayiza kurhoxiswa nini.
Ukubumba ibali lobuxoki kwisivumelwano
Isicwangciso somkhosi sokonakalisa isivumelwano sixhomekeke ekudaleni umbono ongeyonyani wokuba iTaliban irhoxile kwizibophelelo zayo. Eli qhinga lenziwe esidlangalaleni nguNobhala welizwe uMike Pompeo kunye noNobhala wezoKhuselo u-Esper.
Kudliwano-ndlebe ne-CBS News, uPompeo ukhankanye โuthotho lwezibophelelo ezenziwe ngamaTaliban malunga namanqanaba obundlobongela obunokwenzekaโฆโ Nangona iTaliban yayivumile "ukunciphisa ubundlobongela" iintsuku ezisixhenxe, ayizange isebenze kwisivumelwano soxolo esasayinwa nge-29 kaFebruwari 2020.
NgoMatshi 2, uEsper xelele i intatheli, โEsi sisivumelwano esisekwe kwimiqathangoโฆ. Sijonge izenzo zeTaliban ngokusondeleyo ukujonga ukuba bayasithobela na isibophelelo sabo. " Ngaloo mini, umphathi we-US e-Afghanistan uGen. Scott Miller ichazwe ngesithethi kwi-Twitter, "I-United States icace gca malunga nolindelo lwethu - ubundlobongela kufuneka buhlale buphantsi."
Kwakhona, iPentagon kunye nomyalelo wase-US babeyalela iimeko kwiTaliban ngaphandle kwemiqathango ebhaliweyo yesivumelwano soxolo.
I-Pentagon kunye neqhinga lomyalelo womkhosi laqhubela phambili ibali elikhutshwe kwiNew York Times kwaye yapapashwa ngoMatshi 8. Ngezantsi kwesihloko esithi, "IsiVumelwano esiMfihlo kunye neTaliban: Nini kwaye njani i-US iya kuyishiya i-Afghanistan," ibali libhekiselele "kwizihlomelo eziyimfihlo" ezibini zokucebisa ukuba izivumelwano ezifikelelwe kunye neTaliban zazingekho ngokupheleleyo. kubonakaliswe kwisicatshulwa esifumaneka esidlangalaleni.
Iqhinga le-Times likhumbule i-hysteria yesizwe iphepha elaqala kwihlobo elidlulileyo xa lalinjalo kusemthethweni ubuqhetseba bobuntlola base-Afghan ngokupapasha uthotho lwamanqaku amade athi iRussia ihlawule i-Taliban fighters iibhonasi kumalungu afileyo enkonzo yaseMelika. Ewe, ibali elithi "izihlomelo eziyimfihlo" yayiyeyona nkohliso yamva nje yezopolitiko esetyenziswe yiPentagon kwizicwangciso ze-torpedo zokurhoxiswa kwe-US.
Ngaphandle kobango lwenqaku lokuba la maxwebhu mabini "abeka ukuqondana okuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-United States kunye neTaliban," ekuphela kwesalathiso esithe ngqo ebalini kuko nakuphi na ukuqonda okukhankanyiweyo "izibophelelo ezivela kwiTaliban zokungahlaseli imikhosi yaseMelika ngexesha lokurhoxa." Nangona kunjalo, eso sithembiso sicacileyo sasingekho kweyona miqathango yesi sivumelwano sipapashiweyo.
Njengoko i-Times ivumile kwinqaku layo, xa u-Esper kunye noSihlalo weeNkosi eziManyeneyo u-Gen. Mark Milley bavela phambi kweKomiti yeeNkonzo zeNdlu kwiintsuku nje ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano sisayinwe, bobabini babuzwa malunga naziphi na "izivumelwano ezisecaleni kunye neTaliban." Akukho namnye owathi bayazazi naziphi na izivumelwano ezingapapashwanga. UPompeo, owakha wakhanyela ubukho bazo naziphi na โizivumelwano ezisecaleniโ neTaliban, wababiza ngokuba โngamaxwebhu okuphunyezwa komkhosi.โ
Ubungqina bubonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba oko kuthiwa "izihlomelo eziyimfihlo", ngokwenene, amaxwebhu angaphakathi ase-US kumgaqo-nkqubo wase-US onxulumene nesivumelwano.
Ngo-Epreli 2020, iTaliban watyhola iUnited States Ukwaphula ngokukrakra isivumelwano, echaza ukuhlaselwa kwe-50 yimikhosi yase-US kunye ne-Afghan phakathi kwe-9 ka-Matshi kunye ne-10 ka-Epreli, kubandakanywa nokuhlaselwa kwe-33 ye-drone kunye nokuhlaselwa ebusuku okusibhozo yimikhosi yeMisebenzi eYodwa. Ehlotyeni, njengoko amaTaliban ayenyusa uhlaselo kwiindawo zokujonga urhulumente kwiindawo ezikumda ophantsi kolawulo lwabo, imikhosi yase-US e-Afghanistan kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo. uxelele uMhloli oKhethekileyo woKwakha kwakhona i-Afghanistan (SIGAR) ukuba imiyalelo yemikhosi karhulumente wase-Afghan ibavumele ukuba babethe izikhundla zeTaliban.
Ngaloo ndlela imfazwe yabuyela kwimeko eyayikho ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano sityobelwe yaye isivumelwano soxolo sachithwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ngeli xesha, umkhosi wase-US uqhubeke nokutyhola iTaliban ngokusilela ukuthobela isivumelwano. NgoJulayi, i-Voice of America eqhutywa ngurhulumente wase-US umbiko ukuba uMcKenzie "uxelele iVOA ukuba iTaliban ayizange igcine izibophelelo zabo ekuvunyelwene ngazo kwisivumelwano soxolo sase-US-Taliban, esikhokelela kwelinye lawona 'maxesha anobundlobongela' bemfazwe e-Afghanistan."
Ukubuyisela umva umyalelo womongameli wokurhoxiswa
Ukulandela ukoyiswa kukaTrump kunyulo lukamongameli ngoNovemba ka-2020, kwaye emva kokwenza iqhinga lokonakaliswa kwesivumelwano soxolo sase-Afghan, uEsper, uMcKenzie kunye noMiller bavumelana malunga imemorandam evela "kwikhonkco lomyalelo" Isilumkiso sikaTrump ngokuchasene nokurhoxa e-Afghanistan de kube "imiqathango" ifezekisiwe. La magama aquka โukuncitshiswa kogonyameloโ kunye โnenkqubela phambili kwitafile yothethathethwano.โ
I-Trump yasabela kwi-memo ngokucaphuka, ngokukhawuleza yadubula u-Esper ngoNovemba 9. Wamthatha esikhundleni sakhe uChristopher Miller, owayesakuba yintloko ye-US counter-terrorism centre eyavumelana noTrump ngokurhoxiswa kwe-Afghanistan.
Kwangaloo mini, uTrump wacela uCol. Douglas Macgregor ukuba asebenze โnjengomcebisi omkhuluโ kaMiller. UMacgregor wayengummeli ocacileyo wokurhoxa e-Afghanistan kunye nomgxeki oqatha wezinye iimfazwe zase-US kuMbindi Mpuma, ukusuka e-Iraq ukuya eSyria. Ngexesha a NgoJanuwari 2020 udliwanondlebe kunye noTucker Carlson kwiFox News, uMacgregor wagxeka ubunkokeli bePentagon ngokusilela kwayo ukufumana indlela yokuphuma eAfghanistan.
Nje ukuba ungene kwiPentagon, uMacgregor kwangoko wathatha umsebenzi wokuvumela ukurhoxa ngokukhawuleza nangokupheleleyo e-Afghanistan. Indlela uTrump asondele ngayo ekurhoxiseni yonke imikhosi yase-US ngaphambi kokuba ahambe eofisini ibingekaxelwa kude kube ngoku. UMacgregor ubalise ngesiqendu kwiGrayzone.
Ngokutsho kukaMacgregor, wadibana noMiller ngoNovemba 10 waza wamxelela ukuba ukuphuma e-Afghanistan kunokufezekiswa kuphela ngomyalelo womongameli osemthethweni. Kamva ngaloo mini, uMacgregor wayalela ulwimi lwaloo myalelo kwi-White House ngomnxeba.
Lo myalelo wawusithi bonke abasebenzi basemkhosini abanxibe iyunifomu baza kurhoxiswa e-Afghanistan ungadlulanga umhla wama-31 kuDisemba, 2020. UMacgregor uxelele umsebenzi wakhe ukuba afumane iMemorandam kaMongameli yoKhuseleko kwiifayile zeWhite House ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipapashwa ngendlela eyiyo.
Umnxibelelwano we-White House kaMacgregor wamxelela kusasa ngoNovemba 11 ukuba uTrump wayeyifundile imemorandam kwaye wayisayina kwangoko. Ngomhla we-12 kaNovemba, nangona kunjalo, wafunda ukuba uTrump udibene noSihlalo weeNkosi ezidibeneyo uMark Milley, umcebisi wezokhuseleko lwelizwe uRobert O'Brien, kunye noNobhala obambeleyo uMiller. UTrump waxelelwa ukuba imiyalelo ayibeke kwimemorandam ayinakufezekiswa, ngokutsho kukaMacgregor's White House.
UMilley waxoxa ngelithi ukurhoxa kungonakalisa amathuba okwenza uthethathethwano ngoxolo lokugqibela kwaye ukuqhubeka nobukho base-US e-Afghanistan โbanenkxaso ye-bipartisan,โ waxelelwa uMacgregor. Kamva ngobo busuku, uMacgregor wafumanisa ukuba uTrump uvumile ukurhoxisa isiqingatha kuphela: 2500 amajoni. UTrump uphinde wanikezela kuxinzelelo lomkhosi, njengoko ebenzile ephindaphinda eSyria.
Ukuqhutywa yiPentagon ukuthintela inyathelo lolawulo lukaTrump lokuphelisa imfazwe engathandwa kakhulu e-Afghanistan yayingumzekelo nje omnye wendlela ekudala imiselwe yokujongela phantsi igunya likamongameli kwimicimbi yemfazwe noxolo.
Xa wayengumongameli, uJoe Biden wazibonela ngawakhe amehlo icinezela ubhedu lwePentagon ibekwe kuBarack Obama ukuba andise imfazwe e-Afghanistan. Ngomhla wokugqibela wesivumelwano soxolo ngoMeyi 1 wokurhoxiswa kokugqibela e-US kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa, uBiden uya kujongana nomnye umjikelo woxinzelelo oluphezulu lokugcina imikhosi yase-US kumgxobhozo wase-Afghanistan, ekucingelwa ukuba "unamandla" kwiTaliban.
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