EGhana kunye I-Côte d'Ivoire kule nyanga iphelileyo, i-1,300 yaseMelika, i-NATO, kunye nemikhosi yase-Afrika idibene kuqeqesho lobuchule kunye nohlaselo oluhlekisayo njengenxalenye ye-Flintlock 2023, umsebenzi wonyaka oxhaswa yi-US Special Operations Command Africa, okanye i-SOCAFRICA. Phakathi kwamazwe athathe inxaxheba yiBurkina Faso, esele injalo ithintelwe ekwamkeleni Uncedo olukhulu lokhuseleko lwaseMelika ukusukela oko igosa elaliqeqeshwe ngabantu baseMelika kwimithambo yangaphambili yeFlintlock labhukuqa urhulumente wakhe onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi kubhukuqo-mbuso kunyaka ophelileyo.
Amagosa omkhosi waseMelika achithe inyanga ephelileyo ezama ukucacisa le meko inomdla kwiCongress kunye nakumaphephandaba. I-Flintlock ibonelela "ngethuba loqeqesho olubalulekileyo" kumkhosi okhethekileyo ovela e-US nase-Afrika kunye nethuba "lokutshintshana ngezona ndlela zilungileyo," UAdm wangasemva uMilton “Jamie” Sands, umphathi we-SOCAFRICA, uxelele I-Intercept kunye nezinye iintatheli kwinkomfa yenkomfa kwinyanga ephelileyo. Akazange ayikhankanye loo nto, ngovavanyo lwePentagon, Uhlaselo lwamaSilamsi eSahel luye lwanda kwaye ukhuseleko lwehlile kulo lonke elaseNtshona Afrika ukususela oko iSOCAFRICA yaqalisa uqeqesho lweFlintlock ngo-2005. ingxelo yakutsha nje yeZiko leAfrika leSebe lezoKhuselo leZifundo zeQhinga.
Umphathi-jikelele weenkwenkwezi ezine ophethe i-US Africa Command, okanye i-AFRICOM, okwangoku, uxelele iKomidi yeeNkonzo zeNdlu yeeNkonzo ukuba kuphela ipesenti encinci yamagosa aqeqeshwe e-US abhukuqa oorhulumente babo - ngelixa evuma ukuba wayengazi inani elichanekileyo. Oku kubangele ummeli othe ngqo uMat Gaetz, R-Fla., ukuba abuze, "Kutheni abarhafi base-US kufuneka bahlawule ukuqeqesha abantu abakhokela ubhukuqo-mbuso eAfrika?"
US Navy Rear Adm. Milton “Jamie” Sands, inkumanda ye-SOCAFRICA, undwendwela indawo yoqeqesho loSuku lweeNdwendwe eziBalulekileyo lwe-Flintlock kufutshane neVolta, eGhana, nge-14 kaMatshi ka-2023.
Ifoto: Spc. UMario Hernandez Lopez / uMkhosi wase-US
Abazimasi beFlintlock benze ubuncinci ubhukuqo-mbuso oluhlanu kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo. Ukusukela ngo-2008, enyanisweni, amagosa aqeqeshwe e-US azamile ubuncinci ubhukuqo-mbuso olulithoba (yaye yaphumelela ubuncinane kwasibhozo) kumazwe amahlanu aseNtshona Afrika, kuquka iBurkina Faso (izihlandlo ezithathu), iGuinea, iMali (izihlandlo ezithathu), iMauritania, neGambia.
Abazimasi beFlintlock benze ubuncinci ubhukuqo-mbuso oluhlanu kule minyaka isibhozo idlulileyo.
Phambi kokuba awise umongameli waseBurkina Faso onyulwe ngokwentando yesininzi ngo-2022, umzekelo, uLt. Col. Omnye owayezimase uFlintlock ka-2010, uGen. Gilbert Diendéré, wabhukuqa urhulumente waseBurkina Faso ngo-2020.
Kunyaka nje emva kokuba eye kwiFlintlock 2019, uCol. Assimi Goïta wakhokela ijunta eyabhukuqa urhulumente waseMali. Emva kokwenza oko kubhukuqa, uGoïta wehla waza wathatha umsebenzi wokuba ngusekela mongameli kurhulumente wenguqu onikwe umsebenzi wokubuyisela iMali kulawulo lwabahlali. Kodwa kwiinyanga ezisithoba kamva, wathatha ulawulo okwesibini.
Enye i-alum ye-Flintlock 2019, uCol. Mamady Doumbouya, wasebenza njengomphathi weyunithi yaseGuinea ngexesha lokuzivocavoca, ngokutsho kwe-AFRICOM. Ngo-2021, amalungu ecandelo likaDoumbouya athathe ixesha lokuqeqeshwa amaqhinga amancinci kunye nomthetho wongquzulwano oluxhobileyo ngabakwaGreen Berets ukuba bahlasele ibhotwe likamongameli kwaye bashenxise umongameli welizwe labo oneminyaka engama-83 ubudala, u-Alpha Condé. Doumbouya kungekudala wazivakalisa Inkokeli entsha yaseGuinea. I-US yaluphelisa uqeqesho kwaye yazikhwebula kubhukuqo-mbuso.
"Iimilinganiselo eziphambili yinto esiyiqala ngayo," uGen. Michael Langley, umphathi we-AFRICOM, utshele iKomidi yeeNkonzo zeNdlu kwinyanga ephelileyo.
“Ngaba sabelana ngezo zithethe noCol. Doumbouya?” wabuza uGaetz.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo, kwikharityhulamu yethu,” uLangley waphendula, ebangela ukuba uGaetz athathe kabini. IRiphabhlikhi yaseFlorida kunye ne-AFRICOM iinkwenkwezi ezine saqhubeka nokubhadula:
Gaetz: Sithini? Wakhokela ubhukuqo-mbuso. Kulungile, yimpendulo echazayo leyo. EBurkina Faso, ngaba sabelana ngemilinganiselo engundoqo nenkokeli esasiyiqeqeshe apho eyayikhokele ubhukuqo-mbuso?
ULangley: Ikwikharityhulamu yethu.
Gaetz: Ubhukuqo-mbuso oluphambili lukwikharityhulamu yethu?
ULangley: Sigxininisa imilinganiselo engundoqo. Sigxininisa kulawulo olukhokelwa luluntu.
Gaetz: Yima, yima, ngaba ukhokela ubhukuqo-mbuso kwikharityhulam yethu?
ULangley: Akunjalo. Ikhokelwa ngabahlali-
Gaetz: Umbuzo wam ngowokuba, ngaba siyabelana ngeenqobo ezisemgangathweni kunye nenkokeli yobhukuqo-mbuso yaseBurkina Faso esasiyiqeqeshe?
ULangley: Ngokupheleleyo, sifundisa iinqobo ezisemgangathweni ezipheleleyo ngentlonipho kulawulo lwasekuhlaleni. … Siza kuqhubeka nokuzingisa kwethu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba baziphethe ngokwezithethe zedemokhrasi, iinqobo ezisemgangathweni zedemokhrasi, kwaye [zi]politiki.
Xa ebuzwa malunga Amanyathelo abambekayo athathiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba abazimasi be-Flintlock 2023 abababhukuqi oorhulumente babo, i-SOCAFRICA's Sands ithe, "Ngelixa sihlala sigxile kulawulo lomthetho, siphuhlise isicwangciso esicokisekileyo ngakumbi kunye nokudityaniswa kweziphumo kuloo nto."
UMaj. Anya Nikogosian, umcwangcisi okhokelayo wezomthetho weFlintlock ka-2023, uchaze kwisiteyitimenti ukuba iqela lakhe "longeze imigaqo ebalulekileyo yomthetho" kulo msebenzi, egxininisa ukuba imisebenzi kufuneka yenziwe "ngaphakathi kwemigaqo ye ... ukutshutshisa abanqolobi, kunye nokwandisa ukuthembela kwabantu baseAfrika koorhulumente babo. " Iinkcukacha ezibonelelwe yi-SOCAFRICA zibonisa ukuba i-Flintlock ka-2023 ibonelele ngoqeqesho ukuququzelela ulungelelwaniso olungcono phakathi kwamajoni kunye nonyanzeliso lomthetho kuphando lokulwa nobunqolobi kulo nyaka kodwa ayizange inike manyathelo ajolise ngokukodwa ekuthinteleni ubhukuqo-mbuso.
"Ukuba i-US ithi ixhalabile ngeziphumo zobhukuqo-mbuso, ngoko ke amagosa omkhosi wase-US kufuneka athethe ngokucacileyo namaqabane awo ngokubaluleka kolawulo lwasemkhosini kunye nefuthe lomthetho kuncedo lwaseMelika," uSarah Harrison, umhlalutyi ophezulu. kwiQela leNgxaki yaMazwe ngaMazwe kunye nowayesakuba ngumcebisi jikelele kwi-Ofisi yePentagon yoMcebisi Jikelele, kwiMicimbi yaMazwe ngaMazwe, uxelele I-Intercept. “Iinzame zeAFRICOM azibonakali ngathi ziyayilungisa le nto.”
UErica De Bruin, umbhali we "Indlela yokuthintela i-Coups d'Etat: Ukuchasana noBalance kunye nokusinda kwi-Regime,” wathi ngoxa u-Nikogosian noSands babonakala bephikisana ukuba uqeqesho olongezelelweyo lwaluyimpendulo, inyaniso ngokubanzi inzima ngakumbi. Rhoqo, wathi, imikhosi ijongana neemeko apho amalungelo oluntu kunye nolawulo lwabahlali luchasene, njengemiyalelo kamongameli yokubeka embindini amandla okuphatha okanye ukwenzakalisa abemi. "Ebusweni bengxwabangxwaba," uDe Bruin uxelele I-Intercept kwi-imeyile, "amagosa omkhosi ahlala engaphumeleli ekuzigcineni - ebonisa umanyano, isidima, okanye izinto eziphathekayo zomkhosi njengeziko."
ULangley unyanzelise ukuba "inani elincinci kakhulu" labafundi baseMelika babhukuqe oorhulumente babo, kodwa uGaetz, ecaphula. Ingxelo ye-Intercept yobhukuqo-mbuso ngamagosa aseNtshona Afrika aqeqeshwe yi-US, yabonisa ukuba IAFRICOM eneneni ayinalo nofifi zingaphi ubhukuqo-mbuso izityholo ezilwenzileyo, kwaye ayigcini noluhlu lokuba mangaphi amaxesha olo thatho-nxaxheba lwenzeke. "I-AFRICOM ayigcini i-database ngolu lwazi," isithethi se-AFRICOM uKelly Cahalan uxelele I-Intercept.
Xa uKapteni u-Ibrahim Traoré esusa uDamiba eBurkina Faso ngoSeptemba ophelileyo, i-Intercept yabuza uCahalan ukuba uTraoré wayefumene noqeqesho lwase-US. “Sijonge oku,” watsho, ephawula umyalelo ofunekayo “ukuphanda” kuyo. "Ndiza kukwazisa xa ndinempendulo." Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, i-AFRICOM ayikanikezeli enye.
UGaetz uxelele uLangley ukuba naye ufuna iimpendulo. “Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka sazi ukuba mangaphi na amazwe esiqeqesha kuwo abo baceba ubhukuqo-mbuso, mangaphi kakhulu, kuba … singasebenzisa oovimba bethu ngokunempumelelo ngakumbi kunokwenza oku,” utshilo.
De Bruin, ophinde aqondise iNkqubo yezoBulungisa kunye noKhuseleko kwiKholeji yaseHamilton eNew York, uthi kukho inyathelo elilula kakhulu i-United States enokuyithatha ngokubhekiselele kwi-putsch prevention. "Esona sixhobo silungileyo i-US kufuneka sithintele ubhukuqo-mbuso siphendula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokungaguqukiyo ukugxeka iinzame zokuqhankqalaza ezenzekayo, kunye [nokuwisa] oorhulumente abafakelweyo," uxelele I-Intercept. "Inyani yeyokuba i-US iyaqhubeka nokuphendula ngokungaguqukiyo kubhukuqo-mbuso, ihlala ijonge kwelinye icala xa ihambelana neenjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle." Oku kungqubana, utshilo uDe Bruin, "ikhuthaza imikhosi ukuba iqhubeke nokubabeka."
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