ماخذ: Inequality.org
What nation ranks as the world’s richest? A simple question to answer, right. Well, not so much, suggests the just-released tenth annual عالمی دولت کی رپورٹ from the banking giant Credit Suisse. Everything turns out to depend on how we define “richest.”
If we mean by “richest” the nation with the most total wealth, we have a clear worldwide number one: the United States. The 245 million adults who call the United States home held, as of this past June, a combined net worth of $106 trillion. No other nation comes close to that total. China ranks a distant second, with a mere $64 trillion, Japan even farther back at $25 trillion.
But if we mean by richest the nation with the most wealth per person, top billing goes to Switzerland, not the United States. The average Swiss adult is sitting on a $565,000 personal nest-egg. Americans average $432,000, a figure only good enough for second place.
So does Switzerland merit the title of the world’s wealthiest nation? Not necessarily. The Swiss may sport the world’s highest اوسط دولت، لیکن اس کا خود بخود یہ مطلب نہیں ہے کہ ان کی قوم کے پاس دنیا کی امیر ترین قوم ہے۔ اوسط لوگ۔.
ہم یہاں لفظوں کا کھیل نہیں کھیل رہے ہیں۔ ہم اس اہم فرق کے بارے میں بات کر رہے ہیں جو شماریات دان کے درمیان کھینچتے ہیں۔ مطلب اور اوسط. To calculate a national wealth مطلب — a simple average — researchers just divide total wealth by number of people. The problem with this simple average? If some people have fantastically more wealth than other people, the resulting average will give a misleading picture about economic life as average people live it.
If some people have fantastically more wealth than other people, the resulting average will give a misleading picture about economic life as average people live it
Medians can paint a more realistic picture. Statisticians calculate the median wealth of a nation by identifying the amount of wealth that represents the midpoint in the nation’s wealth distribution, that point at which half the nation’s population has more wealth and half less. Medians, in other words, can give us a nation’s most ٹھیٹھ net worth, the wealth that a nation’s most ordinary people hold.
اس درمیانی پیمائش سے، سوئٹزرلینڈ ایک شاندار امیر ملک کے طور پر برقرار ہے۔ امریکہ ایسا نہیں کرتا۔ عام سوئس بالغوں کی مجموعی مالیت $228,000 ہے، جو دنیا میں سب سے زیادہ ہے۔ عام امریکیوں کی ذاتی دولت صرف $66,000 ہے۔
Typical Canadians, with $107,000 per adult, have more wealth than that American total. So do typical Taiwanese ($70,000), typical Brits ($97,000), and typical Australians ($181,000)
Overall, typical adults in 16 other developed nationals have more wealth than typical adults in the United States. Typical Japanese adults, for instance, hold $110,000 in personal wealth, a net worth considerably higher than the $66,000 Americans can claim.
Other nations have much more equal distributions of income and wealth than the United States
What explains how ordinary Americans can have so little wealth when they live in a nation that has so much? In a word: inequality. Other nations have much more equal distributions of income and wealth than the United States.
جاپان خاص طور پر یہاں کھڑا ہے۔ نیا کریڈٹ سوئس 2019 عالمی دولت کی رپورٹ notes that Japan “has a more equal wealth distribution than any other major country.” Japan’s richest 10 percent hold less than half their nation’s wealth, just 48 percent. In the United States, the top 10 percent hold nearly 76 percent, over three-quarters of national wealth.
And what about the top 1 percent? America’s 1 percenters hold a national wealth share nearly double the wealth share of top 1 percenters in Japan.
How would typical Americans fare if we Americans engineered an about-face on our growing inequality and achieved a distribution of wealth as equal as Japan’s? If we succeeded at that egalitarian endeavor, the net worth of America’s most typical adults تین گنا ہو جائے گا$66,000 سے $199,000 تک۔
اپنے امیروں کو دولت کے بڑے حصے پر قبضہ کرنے کی اجازت دے کر ہم سب کو تخلیق کرنے میں مدد ملتی ہے، ہم خود کو معاشی عدم تحفظ میں مبتلا کر رہے ہیں۔ دوسری قومیں لالچ کی گرفت کو برداشت نہیں کرتیں۔ ہم کیوں؟
In effect, the difference between those two totals amounts to an “inequality tax.” By letting our rich grab an oversized share of the wealth all of us help create, we are taxing ourselves into economic insecurity. Other nations don’t tolerate greed grabs. Why should we?
سیم پیزیگیٹی نے Inequality.org کی مشترکہ ترمیم کی۔ ان کی تازہ ترین کتاب: زیادہ سے زیادہ اجرت کا مقدمہ. غیر منقسم آمدنی اور دولت پر ان کی دیگر کتابوں میں: امیر ہمیشہ نہیں جیتتے: پلوٹوکریسی پر فراموش شدہ فتح جس نے امریکی مڈل کلاس کو تخلیق کیا، 1900-1970 اور لالچ اور اچھائی: ہماری زندگیوں کو محدود کرنے والی عدم مساوات کو سمجھنا اور اس پر قابو پانا. @Too_Much_Online پر اس کی پیروی کریں۔
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What falls out from this is that in practical terms, the US economy is “small” and unproductive. Those around and below the median are the ones that are going to spend the largest share of their wealth. After that first billion or so, how much more can you spend? So huge amounts of wealth in America sits idle or goes into unproductive or rent seeking activities such as finance. This just amplifies the problem of wealth inequality.