Setsi sa 'Solidarity Center' sa AFL-CIO (seo pele se neng se tsejoa e le Setsi sa Amerika sa Tšebelisano ea Machaba ea Basebetsi kapa ACILS) se ne se kentse letsoho ho bokelleng boetapele ba Lepheo le letona la Confederation of Venezuelan Workers (CTV) le ba khoebo ea FEDCAMARAS ( mmoho le bonyane baetapele ba bang ba Kereke e K'hatholike) pejana ho tekeletso ea 'muso ea April 2002 e ileng ea tlosa Mopresidente ea khethiloeng ka puso ea sechaba ka sechaba, Hugo Chavez. Sena ke se tlalehile selemong se fetileng tokollong ea April 2004 ea Labor Notes (www.labornotes.org/archives/2004/04/articles/e.html. (Bakeng sa sena se behiloe molemong o moholo oa leano la kantle ho naha la AFL-CIO, bona sengoloa sa ka sa May 2005 ho Monthly Review ho www.monthlyreview.org/0505scipes.htm.)
Sengoliloeng sa Labor Notes se ne se tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo mesebetsing ea Setsi sa Solidarity, le hoja ke buile ka chelete eo ba e fumaneng ho National Endowment for Democracy kapa NED. Ke ne ke nahana hore ke tla boela ke hlahlobe tsoelo-pele ea Venezuela, empa lekhetlong lena ho khantša le ho buisana ka NED. (Sena se nakong haholo hobane lekhotla la Venezuela le sa tsoa laela hore hlooho ea Venezuela ea Sumate e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete ke NED ho qosoa ka ho amohela chelete ea US ho susumetsa mesebetsi ea likhetho tsa Venezuela.)
Joalokaha ho tlalehiloe sehloohong sa Labor Notes, National Endowment for Democracy (NED) e kentse letsoho Venezuela, 'me e sebetsa moo ho tloha 1992. Ka kakaretso, ho ea ka NED ka boeona, 'NED e fane ka $4,039,331 ho mekhatlo ea Venezuela le ea Amerika e sebetsang Venezuela. pakeng tsa 1992 le 2001; Karolo ea 60.4 lekholong ea seo, kapa $2,439,489 e ile ea fuoa pakeng tsa 1997-2001. Ho seo $2.4 hammoho le limilione tse ho tloha 1997, $587,926 (kapa hoo e ka bang kotara) e ile ea ea Setsing sa Solidarity-bakeng sa mosebetsi oa eona le Confederation of Venezuelan Workers (CTV ka Sepanishe). Ka 2002, selemong sa ho qetela seo lintlha li fumanehang ka sona, NED e ile ea kenya chelete e 'ngoe ea $1,099,352, eo Setsi sa Solidarity se ileng sa fumana $116,001 bakeng sa mosebetsi oa sona le CTV. Ka kakaretso, ACILS e fumane $703,927 pakeng tsa 1992-2002 bakeng sa mosebetsi oa eona Venezuela feela.'
Kahoo, ho hlakile hore NED ke motšoantšisi oa bohlokoa liketsahalong tsa lefats'e, haholo-holo linaheng tseo US e nang le 'lithahasello tsa bohlokoa.' Ho ka thusa ho utloisisa sebata sena hantle.
TUMELO EA NAHA EA TEMOKRASE: SELELEKELA
The National Endowment for Democracy ke lenaneo la 'Muso oa US le qalileng ka 1983 tlas'a Tsamaiso ea Reagan. NED e itlhahisa ka mosa e le
mohato oa US oa ho matlafatsa mekhatlo ea demokrasi lefatšeng ka bophara ka boiteko ba poraefete, bao e seng ba mmuso. Ke mokhatlo o ikemetseng o sa etseng phaello o nang le Boto ea Batsamaisi e nang le baahi ba etelletseng pele ho tsoa mekhatlong e meholo ea lipolotiki le ea sechaba ea Amerika, Mademokrate le Rephabliki, baemeli ba bueins le basebetsi, le ba bang ba nang le boiphihlelo bo bolelele ba machabeng. Endowment e kenyelletsa boitlamo bo pharaletseng, bo nang le likarolo tse peli tsa US ho demokrasi (NED, 1998, 'Ho Matlafatsa Demokerasi Linaheng Tse Ling: Karolo ea Matla a Naha ea Demokerasi': 1.)
Leha ho le joalo, William Blum o qotsa polelo e entsoeng ke Allen Weinstein ho Washington Post ka Loetse 22, 1991 e fanang ka maikutlo a hore matsapa a NED e ne e se a matle. Weinstein o ne a thusitse ho ngola molao o thehang NED. 'Bongata ba seo re se etsang kajeno,' ho bolela Weinstein, 'li entsoe ka sekhukhu lilemong tse 25 tse fetileng ke CIA.' Blum o phethela ka hore, 'Ha e le hantle, CIA e ntse e sebelisa chelete ka NED' (Rogue State, 2000: 180, inthaneteng ho www.thirdworldtraveler.com/Blum/TrojanHorse_RS.html; bona hape Bill Berkowitz, 'Back to the Future: The National Endowment for Democracy e khutletse ho maqheka a eona a khale hape,' Working for Change, on-line ho www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?ItemID=11645.)
Sengoliloeng sa pejana, se hatisitsoeng qalong ke New York Times, se tšehetsa taba ena hape. Joel Brinkley o ngola hore se neng se bitsoa "Demokrasi ea Morero" - qalong o ne a nahana hore ke boiteko bo etelletsoeng pele ke Marine Lt. Col. Oliver North ho tsamaisa ts'ebetso ea sekhukhu ho tsoa Reagan White House, e qetellang e lebisitse ho nyeliso ea Iran-Contra ea. bofelong ba lilemo tsa bo-1980-ha e le hantle e ne e le karolo e le 'ngoe ea lenaneo la prong tse peli. 'Letsoho la sechaba la Project Democracy, leo hona joale le tsejoang e le National Endowment for Democracy, le ile la fana ka chelete ea federal ho mekhatlo ea demokrasi linaheng tse ling 'me la fumana tšehetso e pharaletseng, ea bobeli. Leha ho le joalo, letsoho la sekhukhu la morero le ile la nka tsela e fapaneng 'ka mor'a hore Leboea le nke boikarabelo (ho hatisitsoe) (Brinkley, 'Secret Project in White House Led to Iran Deals,' NYT, February 15, 1987: A-1).
Ebile, NED ke sehlahisoa sa phetoho ea leano la kantle ho naha la US ho tloha ho 'maano a pejana a ho kenyelletsa khothatso ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo taolong ea lisebelisoa tsa mmuso le tsa mmuso' ho ea ts'ebetsong ea 'ts'ebetso ea demokrasi,' moo 'United States. 'me batho ba phahameng sechabeng ba kenelletse sechabeng, 'me ho tloha moo, ba tiisa taolo holim'a tšubuhlellano le metsamao ea batho ba bangata…' (William I. Robinson, Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention and Hegemony, 1996: 69). Mohlomong tsela e 'ngoe, e nepahetseng haholoanyane ea ho hlalosa morero oa NED ke 'ho tšehetsa demokrasi ea [polyarchaal] hohle moo e tšehetsang leano la US la linaheng tse ling.' Ka mantsoe a mang, bakeng sa NED, demokrasi e ntle ha feela e ntšetsa pele lithahasello tsa naha ea US le ha e ka ba teng ke batho ba phahameng sechabeng.
Sengoliloeng sena se reretsoe ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding e mabapi le NED, ka ho khetheha ho sheba mofuta o itseng oa demokrasi eo e e hlahisang mananeong a eona ho pota lefatše; kamano ea eona e tsoelang pele le e thehileng le lisebelisoa tsa Naha ea US ka kakaretso; ka moo e bonang Mosebetsi e le sepheo sa tšebetso ea eona linaheng tse 'tsoelang pele'; kamoo AFL-CIO (setsi sa basebetsi sa US) se amanang le NED ho tloha qalong; le phapang pakeng tsa lipuo tsa AFL-CIO le 'nete.
1. Ho Khothaletsa Demokerasi, Leha Polyarchic E SA Tumme
Sepheo se boletsoeng khafetsa sa NED ke ho 'ts'ehetsa demokrasi,' 'me e fana ka maikutlo a hore e mpa e thahasella demokrasi ka boeona, ho se na lithahasello tse ling kelellong. Leha ho le joalo, 'nete e fapane: NED e khothalletsa demokrasi e le lenaneo la nako e telele la leano le reretsoeng ho thusa lithahasello tsa naha ea United States (ke hore,' Muso oa US), leha e sa hokahane le tsamaiso efe kapa efe ea lipolotiki Washington, DC: 'Ka tlhaho ea eona, tšehetso e joalo e ke ke ea laoloa ke likhetho tsa nako e khutšoanyane tsa pholisi ea tsamaiso e itseng ea US kapa ka lithahasello tsa lipolotiki tsa mokha ofe kapa ofe.' Ho feta moo, 'The Endowment e tla sebetsa hantle ho phethahatseng thomo ea eona hafeela e itokolla ho likhohlano tsa hang-hang tsa leano 'me e emela mokhoa o tsitsitseng, oa mahlakore a mabeli, oa nako e telele oa ho matlafatsa demokrasi e tla tšehetsoa ka tsamaiso e latellanang' (NED, 1998: 1) ).
Ho beha taba ka tsela e 'ngoe, NED ke morero oa' Muso oa US oo baetapele ba oona ba sa batleng hore tsamaiso leha e le efe ea mopresidente oa US e be le monyetla oa ho e hanyetsa. Liphello li kholo: nts'etsopele ea NED, eo ho thoeng e tla ntlafatsa le ho holisa demokrasi lefatšeng ka bophara, ka boeona e ipapisitse le moralo o khahlanong le demokrasi o netefatsang ka kotloloho hore ho ke ke ha ba le taolo ea demokrasi ea ts'ebetso ea eona ke sechaba sa US ntle le ka eona. boto ea batsamaisi ba ikhethetseng-Kenneth Lay of Enron ka sebele e tlameha ho ba mohono. E etsa hore sehlooho sa 'ts'ebetso ea demokrasi' e be boikaketsi le ho feta.
Tlas'a poleloana ea ho phahamisa demokrasi, NED, ha e le hantle, e khothaletsa polyarchal kapa holimo-tlase, e tsamaisoang ke batho ba phahameng sechabeng, demokrasi ha e ntse e sebelisa puo ea "demokrasi" e tummeng - ea morao-rao ke mofuta oa 'motho a le mong, vou e le' ngoe' eo MaAmerika a fanang ka eona. li rutoa lithupelong tsa sechaba tsa US tse tsoang ho baahi ba tlase le tseo ho nahanoang hore li teng naheng ena. Demokrasi ena ea polyarchal e fana ka maikutlo a hore baahi ba ikhethele baetapele ba bona ha, ha e le hantle, ba khetha feela pakeng tsa tse hlahisoang e le khetho e ka khonehang ke batho ba maemo a holimo naheng eo, kapa hore tharollo e sebetsang ea mathata a sechaba e ka hlaha feela ho tsoa menyetla e hlahisoang ke batho ba phahameng sechabeng. . Ka mantsoe a mang, demokrasi ea polyarchal e bonahala e le ea demokrasi ha, 'nete, e se eona (Robinson, 1996).
Le setheong, moo 'Muso oa Amerika o ikahelang demokrasi ena ea polyarchal, ke ka 'mananeo a ho aha demokrasi,' hangata ka Lefapha la Naha le US Agency for International Development kapa USAID. Tabeng ea National Endowment for Democracy, leha ho le joalo, Congress e tsamaisa chelete ea eona ka US Information Agency (USIA) ho NED (David Lowe, 'Idea to Reality: NED at 20.'2004. On-line at www.ned.org/about/nedhistory.html.)
2. Mohato o Moholo oa Lisebelisoa tsa Naha ea US: Ha e Ikemele, Leha ho na le Litlaleho tsa Eona
'Me ho sa tsotellehe lepetjo la eona le monate, 'Ho tšehetsa tokoloho lefatšeng ka bophara,' NED ka ho hlakileng ke leano le leholo la leano la naha ea US State ho netefatsa hore e tsoela pele ho laola le ho atolosoa ha 'Muso oa eona, joalokaha qotso ea Weinstein e ka holimo e fana ka maikutlo a: NED ha e amane le tokoloho ea sebele. Ha e le hantle, ha Molula-setulo oa Komiti ea Senate ea Likamano tsa Kantle ho Naha, Charles Percy (Rephabliki, Illinois), a hlahisa molao o lumellang Senate ea United States ka 1983, o ile a bolela hore o ne a nahana hore molao oo e ne e le 'mohato oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa leano le le leng la United States. ea moloko ona' (ho hatisitsoe) (Lowe, 2004).
Histori ea NED e ngotsoe sebakeng sa eona sa marang-rang, 'me e ngotsoe ke David Lowe, Motlatsi oa Motlatsi oa Mmuso le Likamano tsa Kantle, National Endowment for Democracy (Lowe, 2004, Endnote 1). Ho hlakile hore ke tokomane ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa nts'etsopele le katamelo ea NED.
NED e ngola haholo ka boemo ba eona ba 'bao e seng ba' muso, 'me historing, Lowe o bua ka' boipuso' ba NED ho 'Muso oa US. Leha ho le joalo thuto e khothalelitseng nts'etsopele ea eona 'e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete tsa $300,000 ho tsoa ho [US] Agency for International Development (AID).' 'Boto ea eona e kholo e ne e e-na le karolo e pharalletseng ea bankakarolo lipolotiking tsa Amerika le ho etsa maano a kantle ho naha' (ho hatisitsoe). Boteng ba eona bo ile ba nolofalloa ke ho fetisoa ha US House of Representatives Resolution (HR) 2915 bohareng ba 1983, ’me Senate ea United States e ile ea e fetisa ka la 23 September, 1983; ka mor'a seboka pakeng tsa litho tsa matlo a mabeli a Congress, Ntlo e ile ea amohela tlaleho ea seboka sa HR 2915 ka November 17, 2003, 'me Senate ea latela letsatsing le hlahlamang (Lowe, 2004). Ka la 16 Tšitoe, 1983, Mopresidente oa United States, Ronald Reagan, o ile a bua Moketeng oa White House oa ho Khakola Tumellano ea Naha ea Demokerasi (Reagan, 'Litlhaloso Moketeng oa White House o Khakola Tumello ea Naha ea Demokerasi,' 1983, inthaneteng. ho www.ned.org/about/reagan-121683.html.)
Boemo ba pele ba Molula-setulo oa Endowment e ne e le Congressman oa United States Dante Fascell (Democrat, Florida), 'me a lateloa ka mor'a nako e khutšoanyane ke John Richardson e le molula-setulo oa pele oa nako e telele,' eo e kileng ea e-ba Motlatsi oa Mongoli oa Naha ka lilemo tse ngata tsa ho kenya letsoho boinotšing. mekhatlo e amehang litabeng tsa machaba.' 'Mookameli ea ka sehloohong' kapa Mopresidente ea khethiloeng ke Boto e ne e le Carl Gershman, 'eo pele e neng e le Moeletsi e Moholo ho Moemeli oa United States ho Machaba a Kopaneng,' ea neng a sebetsa tlas'a Jeane Kirkpatrick (ho hatisitsoe) (Lowe, 2004).
'Me le hoja ho bile le phallo ea basebetsi ho Boto ea Batsamaisi ba NED ho theosa le lilemo, esale e kenyelletsa batho ba sebelelitseng maemong a phahameng ka ho fetisisa a lisebelisoa tsa maano a kantle ho naha a Mmuso oa US. E tsebahalang har'a bona e bile Bangoli ba mehleng ba Naha ba US, Henry Kissinger (Nixon) le Madeleine Albright (Clinton), Mongoli oa mehleng oa Ts'ireletso oa United States Frank Carlucci (Reagan), molulasetulo oa mehleng oa Lekhotla la Ts'ireletso la Naha Zbigniew Brzezinski (Carter), Molaoli oa mehleng oa NATO. Europe, General Wesley K. Clark (Clinton), le hlooho ea hajoale ea Banka ea Lefatše, Paul Wolfowitz (George W. Bush). E mong ea hlokomelehang, Bill Brock, o sebelitse e le Senator ea US, Moemeli oa Khoebo oa US, le Mongoli oa Basebetsi oa US, hape e le Molula-setulo oa Boto ea NED.
Hape, joalo ka ha Lowe a hlokomela, NED e 'nile ea tšehetsoa ka lichelete ke lichelete tsa US Congressional selemo le selemo, leha chelete e ntse e fapana ho ea ka selemo. Leha ho le joalo, nako le nako, Congress e fane ka lichelete tse khethehileng ho Endowment ho phethahatsa matsapa a khethehileng a demokrasi linaheng tse nang le thahasello e khethehileng, ho kenyeletsoa Poland (ka mokhatlo oa basebetsi Solidarity), Chile, Nicaragua, Europe Bochabela (ho thusa demokrasi. phetoho ea ka mor'a ho timela ha 'muso oa Soviet Union), Afrika Boroa, Burma, Chaena, Tibet, Korea Leboea le Linaheng tsa Balkan.' [Hoa thahasellisa hore ebe ha a bue ka lidolara tse limilione tse 5.7 NED e faneng ka eona pakeng tsa 1983-88 le Setsi sa Amerika sa AFL-CIO's American Institute for Free Labor Development (setheo se tšoanang sa AAFLI-AIFLD Asia) se neng se lebisitsoe ho Khoebo e entsoeng ke Bohatelli ba Marcos. Union Congress ea Philippines. Ho na le linyeoe tse ling tse sa boleloang hantle ka KS.] Ho feta moo, ”¦ ka mor'a 9/11 le ho amohela Boto ea NED tokomane ea eona ea boraro ea leano, ho fanoe ka lichelete tse khethehileng bakeng sa linaha tse nang le baahi ba bangata ba Mamoseleme Bochabela bo Hare, Afrika, le Asia.' Haele hantle, joalo ka ha Lowe a bolela, 'NED e ikarabella ho balebeli ba bangata ka har'a Makala a Phethahatso le a Molao' a 'Muso oa US (Lowe, 2004). Ho bonahala ho sa khonehe ho hana khokahano ea eona le Naha ea Amerika.
Kamano ena e sa hlakang le Naha ea Amerika e ne e reretsoe ka hloko ho tloha qalong. Joalokaha Lowe a bolela,
Boemo ba NED e seng ba mmuso bo na le melemo e mengata '¦ e amoheloang ke mekhatlo e hlileng e phethahatsang leano la Amerika la kantle ho naha. Joalokaha ho boletsoe lengolong le saennoeng ke Bangoli ba supileng ba mehleng ba Naha ka 1995 [James Baker, Laurence Eagleburger, George Schultz, Alexander Haig, Henry Kissinger, Edmund Muskie, le Cyrus Vance], 'Re nka sebopeho se seng sa 'muso sa NED. e bohlokoa ho feta kamoo e neng e le ka teng ha NED e thehoa lilemong tse leshome le metso e 'meli tse fetileng' (Lowe, 1998).
3. Karolo ea Mosebetsi ka har'a Ts'ebetso ea NED
Ka nako e ts'oanang ha e bonahala e le hole le likhohlano tsa lipolotiki, NED e hlakile haholo ka karolo ea mekhatlo ea basebetsi:
Mekhatlo ea basebetsi e lokolohileng le e ikemetseng e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa haholo ts'ebetsong ea demokrasi. Ntle le ho sireletsa litokelo tse amanang le mosebetsi tsa basebetsi ka bomong, mekhatlo ea basebetsi e emela sehlopha se hlophisitsoeng bakeng sa ho emela lithahasello tsa batho ba tloaelehileng bophelong ba lipolotiki, moruo le sechaba. Ka ho fana ka boemeli ba demokrasi ho batho ba sebetsang le ho netefatsa hore ba kenyelelitsoe lits'ebetsong tseo liqeto li etsoang ka tsona le matla a ajoang, mekhatlo ea basebetsi e thusa mekhatlo e tsoelang pele ho qoba mofuta oa polarization e bohale e fepang ho feteletseng lipolotiking le ho lumella lihlopha tse khahlanong le demokrasi ho sebelisa litletlebo tsa basebetsi hampe. Mekhatlo e boetse e emela tšepo e kholo ea demokrasi ea khotso ea mekhatlo ea bohatelli. Ka hona, mekhatlo e ikemetseng ea basebetsi e etsa karolo ea bohlokoa ea boiteko ba Endowment ba ho ntšetsa pele demokrasi (ho hatisitsoe) (NED, 1998: 3-4).
Ebile, Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI) e ne e le e 'ngoe ea' litsi' tse 'ne tse ikopantseng tsa Endowment ho tloha qalong, leha sena se ile sa phahamisoa ke Setsi sa Solidarity (ka molao, Setsi sa Amerika sa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi kapa ACILS) holim'a ho thehoa ha morao-rao ka 1997 (Lowe, 2004).
Khalemelo ea morao-rao ea ts'ebetso ea kantle ea Tsamaiso ea Bush e boetse e bonts'itse bohlokoa ba mekhatlo ea basebetsi ho 'khothatso ea demokrasi' mose ho maoatle. Ke lithutong tse kang tsena moo re ka bonang kutloisiso ea lipolotiki ke ba maemong a matla le / kapa ba ngollang batšoantšisi ba joalo.
Ha a hlokomela 'matla a thata' a Tsamaiso ea Bush le tahlehelo e tšoanang ea 'matla a bonolo,' Joseph Siedlecki o ile a pheha khang ea tlhokahalo ea 'mokhoa o fokolang haholoanyane' oa ho phatlalatsa demokrasi: 'Joaloka karolo ea matla a bonolo, United States e lokela ho eketseha haholo. tšehetso bakeng sa mekhatlo ea basebetsi le mekhatlo ea basebetsi e lokolohileng linaheng tse tsoelang pele '(Siedlecki,' In Support of Democratization: Free Trade Unions and Destabilization of Autocratic Regimes, 2004: 69, on-line at www.lbjjournal.org/PrintLBJArchives/2004/Fall2004/09siedlecki_fa2004.pdf.) Siedlecki, eo e kileng ea e-ba mosebeletsi oa Ofisi ea Machaba ea Litaba tsa Mosebetsi Lefapheng la Naha la United States, o thahasella haholo ho lebisa tlhokomelo mebusong ea 'taolo,' e leng se bolelang hore ke mebuso e ke keng ea latela litlhoko tsa United States.
Siedlecki o supa litšoaneleho tse 'maloa tse lakatsehang tsa mekhatlo ea basebetsi, a e bitsa 'sera sa tlhaho' sa mebuso ea bolaoli. O pheha khang, 'Histori ha e fane ka mokhatlo o mong oa batho ba bangata o nang le boipiletso bo pharaletseng joalo ba sechaba.' Ho feta moo, 'Mekhatlo ke motsoalle oa tlhaho oa demokrasi ea tokoloho hobane e sebetsa e le mehlala ea demokrasi, e arolelana lipakane tsa tsoelo-pele ea moruo e lokolohileng le e hlokang leeme, 'me hangata e buella puso ea demokrasi.' 'Me ka mor'a moo, a fana ka maikutlo a sepheo sa hae sa' nete, "¦ mekhatlo ea basebetsi linaheng tse tsoelang pele le litho tsa eona ba arolelana lipakane tsa moruo o lokolohileng le o hlokang leeme oa tsoelo-pele ea moruo le ea sechaba e tšehelitsoeng ke lidemokrasi tse ngata' (Siedlecki, 2004: 20-71).
Joale o tlaleha karolo ea basebetsi ho nyenyefatsang mebuso e mengata ea bohatelli Europe, Afrika le Latin America. Europe, o shebane le linyeoe tsa Spain (1977), Poland (1989), le Czechoslovakia (1990). Ka Afrika, o bua ka karolo ea mokhatlo oa basebetsi ho liha puso ea khethollo Afrika Boroa-ntle le ho hlokomela hore AFL-CIO e ne e hanyetsa mekhatlo e khahlanong le khethollo ho fihlela ka 1986, ha ho hlakile hore ho ne ho hlokahala mokhoa o rarahaneng haholoanyane. O boetse o hlokomela hore mathata a basebetsi Nigeria a ile a tlisa tlhokomelo ea machaba naheng eo, le lintoa tsa demokrasi moo. Latin America, o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho Peru (1978), Argentina (1983), le Chile ka 1990.
Ebang motho a ka lumellana le tlhahlobo ea hae ea boemo linaheng tsena ka ho khetheha kapa che, se thahasellisang ka ho fetisisa ke hore o hlokomoloha ka ho feletseng maemo a mangata ao mesebetsi ea mosebetsi o boima e sa lumellaneng le kutloisiso ea hae. (Mona ke moo a senolang mokhoa oa hae oa lipolotiki le ho bontša ho nyatsa-nyatsa ha maikutlo a hae.) Siedlecki o iphapanyetsa maemo ao likarolo tsa basebetsi ba ileng ba thusoa ka ho khetheha ke AFL-CIO-ba ile ba nka karolo ea ho senya mebuso e khethiloeng ka demokrasi, joalo ka Guatemala (1954) , Brazil (1964), le Chile (1973), joalokaha ke tšohla ka tlaase mona. Hape o hloleha ho bolela karolo ea boikitlaetso ba basebetsi, khahlanong le thuso ea AFL-CIO, Guyana (1964), Dominican Republic (1965), El Salvador (1980s), Nicaragua (1980s le mathoasong a bo-1990), le Venezuela (2001). -2003).
Ho feta moo, o hloleha ho bua ka linyeoe tse tharo ho tse 'ne moo mekhatlo ea basebetsi e ileng ea etella pele lintoa tsa demokrasi - Philippines (1986), Korea Boroa (1987) le Brazil (1987) - mme ka phoso o fana ka maikutlo a hore phetoho ea Congress of South Africa Mekhatlo ea Basebetsi (COSATU) naheng eo (nyeoe ea bone) ho demokrasi e bile sehlahisoa sa likamano tsa kantle le haholo-holo African National Congress, ha mekhatlo ea basebetsi e ileng ea kena COSATU hamorao e ne e le ea demokrasi ho tloha qalong. Ho hloleha hona ha morao ke ntho e nyarosang le ho feta ka hore ho bonahala ho matlafatsa khang ea hae ea hore mekhatlo ea basebetsi ke batšehetsi ba demokrasi ba molemo. Empa linyeoe tsena, re tlameha ho li hopola, re se ke ra li bala: tsena ke maemo ao mekhatlo ea basebetsi e tšehelitseng le ho bonts'a demokrasi e tsebahalang e le tharollo-eseng demokrasi ea polyarchal e phahameng, e theoleloang tlase eo Siedlecki le babuelli ba bang ba 'matla a bonolo' ba e khothaletsang. . (Mme, bakeng sa rekoto, MONGWE LE MONGWE wa mekgatlo ya basebetsi e lwelang demokrasi le phetoho ya puso e ile ya hanyetswa ka dilemo tse ngata ke AFL-CIO, e tsheheditseng mekgatlo ya boipelaetso ya basebetsi kgahlanong le mekgatlo ena ya basebetsi ya demokrasi.)
Siedlecki o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho seo a se bitsang 'mechanism' bakeng sa ho khothaletsa mekhatlo ea basebetsi linaheng tse ling. O pheha khang, 'Lenaneo la "labour attaché" Lefapheng la Naha la United States le emela mokhoa oa mantlha oa ho tšehetsa mekhatlo ea basebetsi ba kantle ho naha' (Siedlecki, 2004: 74). Hamorao, o pheha khang ea hore 'Haeba demokrasi ke sepheo sa leano la kantle ho naha la US, ts'ehetso ea mekhatlo ea basebetsi e lokela ho ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea leano,' le hore 'muso oa United States o lokela ho matlafatsa lipuisano tsa ona tsa machaba tsa basebetsi' (Siedlecki, 2004: 75). Hoa thahasellisa hore mosebetsing oa bona le Komiti ea Boeletsi ea Lefapha la Naha la US mabapi le Mosebetsi le Diplomasia, baeta-pele ba leano la kantle ho naha ba AFL-CIO ba 'nile ba fana ka litlhahiso tse tšoanang (sheba Scipes, 'AFL-CIO Foreign Policy Leaders Thusa ho Ntlafatsa Leano la Litaba tsa Kantle ho Naha tsa Bush, Target Foreign Unions. bakeng sa Taolo ea Lipolotiki,' Labor Notes, March 2005, inthaneteng ho www.labornotes.org/archives/2005/03/articles/e.html).
Ho sa tsotellehe hore na ho entsoe qeto efe, ho hlakile hore liofisiri tsa boemo bo holimo tsa maano a kantle ho naha le libakeng tse haufi le 'Muso oa US li bona mekhatlo ea basebetsi le mekhatlo ea basebetsi e le balekane ba bohlokoa boitekong ba bona ba ho boloka le ho atolosa 'Muso oa US.
4. Leano la Kantle ho Naha la AFL-CIO: E ile ea Qeteloa ho tsoa ka hare, Eseng Ntle
Pele re buisana ka ho kenya letsoho ha AFL-CIO le NED, ntho e le 'ngoe e hloka ho hlakisoa: ke mang ea etsang leano la kantle ho naha la Labor? Litlhahlobo tsa pejana li ne li batla ho pheha khang ea hore mesebetsi ea AFL-CIO e entsoe ka ntle ho mokhatlo oa basebetsi, ke CIA, White House, le/kapa Lefapha la Naha. Ka mantsoe a mang, ba hlalositse boiteko ba maano a kantle ho naha a Labour ka lebaka la mabaka a kantle ho mokhatlo oa basebetsi.
Leha ho le joalo, ho qala ka sengoloa sa ka sa 1989, 'Trade Union Imperialism in the US Maobane: Business Unionism, Samuel Gompers le AFL Foreign Policy' (Kim Scipes, Newsletter of International Labor Studies, The Hague, Pherekhong-April 1989), bafuputsi-ba sebetsa ka boikemelo. 'me a matlafatsoa ke bopaki bo tiileng-a qala ho pheha khang ea hore pholisi ea linaha tse ling e ile ea ntlafatsoa ka har'a mokhatlo oa basebetsi, motheong oa mabaka a ka hare. Leha e sa ngangisane khahlanong le bopaki bo bongata ba hore ts'ebetso ea kantle ho naha ea AFL-CIO e sebelisane le CIA, kapa hore ts'ebetso ea kantle ho naha ea CIA e ruile pholisi ea kantle ho naha ea US ka kakaretso kapa matsapa a tšehetsoeng ke White House kapa Lefapha la Naha, mokhoa ona o mocha e netefalitse hore leano la kantle ho naha la Labour le ts'ebetso ea eona ea kantle ho naha, le hoja e tšehelitsoe ka chelete e ngata ke 'muso, li entsoe ka hare ho naha mme li laoloa ke ba boholong maemong a phahameng a AFL-CIO.
Ts'ebetso tsena tsa kantle ho naha ha lia tlalehoa hore li behile litho le ho fana ka tumello, empa ho e-na le hoo, li patiloe ka hloko-ebang ke ka ho se tlalehe lits'ebetso tsena kapa, ha li se li tlalehile, li tlalehe ka mokhoa o sothang. Kahoo, baeta-pele ba basebetsi ba ’nile ba sebetsa machaba ka lebitso la basebetsi ba Maamerika, litho tsa bona, ha ka hloko ba boloka litho tsena li le lefifing. Boholo ba litho tsa mokhatlo oa AFL-CIO ho fihlela kajeno ha li tsebe seo AFL-CIO e se entseng le seo e ntseng e tsoela pele ho se etsa mose ho maoatle, leha e le hore liketso tsa eona li tšehelitsoe ka chelete e ngata ke 'Muso oa US.
Ho hana ho 'hlatsoa' mabapi le nako e fetileng ho tsoela pele ho utloisa basebetsi ba mose ho maoatle bohloko, hammoho le basebetsi ba Amerika. Ntle le ho ipapisa le nako e fetileng, basebetsi ba kantle ho naha ba ke ke ba tšepa mekhatlo ea basebetsi ea Amerika, ba sitisa bonngoe bo hlokahalang (sheba Scipes, 2000, "Ke Nako ea ho Hloeka: Bula Litlaleho tsa AFL-CIO mabapi le Ts'ebetso ea Machabeng ea Basebetsi," Labor Studies Journal, Summer 2000. Online in English at www.labournet.de/diskussion/gewerkschaft/scipes2.html; bona le Tim Shorrock, 'Ntoa ea Mantsoe ea Basebetsi,' The Nation, May 19, 2003, inthaneteng ho www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20030519&s=shorrock.)
’Me, ha e le hantle, esita le ha ba kōptjoa ke mekhatlo e ikopantseng ea basebetsi, baeta-pele ba maano a linaha tsa AFL-CIO ba hanne ho ‘hlakisa moea,’ eseng feela ka mekhoa ea nakong e fetileng empa le seo ba se etsang hona joale. Ka lebaka la boiteko ba California State AFL-CIO, baetapele ba maano a kantle ho naha ba AFL-CIO ba ile ba hana le ho bua ka botshepehi mesebetsi ea bona (bona Scipes, 'AFL-CIO Refuses to' Clear the Air ' on Foreign Policy, Operations,' Labor. Lintlha, Hlakola 2004, inthaneteng ho www.labornotes.org/archives/2004/02/articles/b.html) Ha ba arabela, Kopanong ea AFL-CIO ea California State ea 2004, baemeli ka KAMOOTHO ba ile ba fetisa qeto, e reng, ‘Haha Bonngoe le ho Tšepana le Basebetsi Lefatšeng ka Bophara’ e ileng ea matlafatsa le ho feta boiteko ba ho fetola lenaneo la leano la AFL-CIO la linaha tse ling hore e be bonngoe ba sebele ba machaba ba basebetsi. ho hana baetapele ba maano a kantle ho naha a AFL-CIO le tšebetso ea bona (sheba Scipes, California AFL-CIO e Khalemela Baetapele ba Leano la Naha la Naha la Leano la Naha la Basebetsi, Litlhaloso tsa Labour, Loetse 2004, ka mofuta oa inthaneteng le o sa lokisoang ho www.uslaboragaintwar.org/article.php?id=6394, le taba e ngotsoeng ea qeto eo, sheba Fred Hirsch, ‘Haha Bonngoe le ho Tšepana le Basebetsi ba Lefatše Lohle,’ e behiloeng Inthaneteng ho www.labournet.net/world/0407/hirsch.html.)
Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko bona ba baitseki esita le mekhatlo e seng mekae ea basebetsi, baeta-pele ba maano a linaha tsa AFL-CIO ba 'nile ba tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka sekhukhu, ntle le ponaletso, le ka morao ho boholo ba litho tsa bona. Sena ke 'nete haholo-holo kamanong le National Endowment for Democracy, eo ka bobeli e tšehetsang ts'ebetso ea kantle ho naha ea AFL-CIO (sheba Harry Kelber, '90% ea Budget ea Selemo le Selemo ea Solidarity Center e tsoang ho Payoffs ke 'Muso oa US,' The Labor Educator, June 29, 2005 , inthaneteng ho www.laboreducator.org/solcenter.htm), le maano a boetapele ba maano a kantle a AFL-CIO a thusang ho theha.
5. AFL-CIO Rhetoric of Democracy-Polyarchal as well: Ho ameha le NED
Ke maemong a ho sebetsa le NED moo re ka utloisisang ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea AFL-CIO mabapi le demokrasi ha e buisana ka litaba tsa kantle ho naha. The AFL-CIO's Free Trade Union Institute (FTUI) e fane ka tlaleho ka 'The AFL-CIO le National Endowment for Democracy' ka 1987 (FTUI, 'Defending Freedom of Association-Private Working in the Public Interest: The AFL-CIO and Matla a Naha a Demokerasi, 1987). [FTUI e thehiloe ka 1977 ho sebetsa le basebetsi ba Europe ba mekhatlo ea basebetsi, empa 'Ka 1984, FTUI e ile ea fuoa kabelo ke AFL-CIO ea ho hokahanya karolo ea Labor le National Endowment for Democracy' (FTUI, 1987: 8).] Tlalehong ena, re fumana:
Kutloisiso ena ea mantlha-ea hore mekhatlo ea basebetsi le basebetsi ba atleha tsamaisong ea demokrasi, 'me ba tlameha ho sokola le ho phela ho bao e seng ba demokrasi-e 'nile ea tataisa maikutlo a leano la kantle ho mokhatlo oa basebetsi oa Amerika. Ka 1983, e ile ea etella pele AFL-CIO ho ikopanya le litsi tse ling tse tharo tse kholo tsa Amerika ho ts'ehetsa morero o mocha oa bohlokoa litabeng tsa machaba. Hammoho le baemeli ba Lekhotla la Khoebo la US le mekha ea Democratic le Rephabliki, hammoho le barutehi ba hlahelletseng le ba bang, baetapele ba mokhatlo oa basebetsi ba ile ba thusa ho fumana Endowment ea Naha ea Demokrasi (ho hatisitsoe) (Free Trade Union Institute, 1987: 5) .
FTUI e tsoela pele ho hokahanya lithahasello tsa boitšoaro ba basebetsi ba Amerika ho demokrasi-'hobane, ka holim'a tsohle, ke ntho e hlomphehang e lokelang ho etsoa'-ka 'lintlafatso tsa boiketlo ba basebetsi ba Amerika,' 'me e re,' lithahasello tsa naha ea Amerika li tsoetse pele. ka ho ata ha demokrasi lefatšeng.' FTUI e hlokomela hore NED ke 'mokhatlo o ikemetseng, o sa etseng phaello, oo lipolotiki tsa oona li khethoang ke Boto ea Batsamaisi,' empa leha e fumana lichelete tsa sechaba (ke hore, balekhetho'), 'mananeo a ho fana ha a tlameha ho amoheloa ke, leha e le hore ba ke ke ba qosoa ke 'muso.' Ho feta moo, Endowment e fana ka lichelete tse tšehetsang 'boitlamo bo sa feleng ba Amerika ho nts'etsopele ea demokrasi,' le hore 'AFL-CIO e ka be e sa nka karolo hoja tiisetso ena ea boipuso e ne e sa tiisetsoa, e siea liqeto tsohle mabapi le lenaneo le leano matsohong a poraefete' (Mahala. Trade Union Institute, 1987: 5-7). Ka mantsoe a mang, le hoja NED e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke 'Muso oa US, NED e tsamaisa pontšo ea eona-'me karolo ea mosebetsi oa eona e khethoa ke baeta-pele ba maano a linaha tsa AFL-CIO.
Sena se netefalitsoe hape ke monna eo esale e le Mopresidente oa NED ho tloha 1984: Carl Gershman. Gershman, ea khethiloeng ke Holly Sklar e le 'molaoli oa mehleng oa lipatlisiso, AFL-CIO,' esale e le karolo ea lisebelisoa tsa maano a kantle ho naha a US: e ne e le 'moeletsi ea phahameng ho Moemeli oa UN Jeane Kirkpatrick (1981-84), moeletsi ea phahameng ho Khomishene ea Kissinger. (1984); setsebi sa moahi oa nakong e fetileng, Freedom House [e khethiloe e le Sklar e le 'mokhatlo oa lipatlisiso, khatiso, marang-rang, le mokhatlo o khethang oa litokelo tsa botho']; mookameli ea ka sehloohong oa Social Democrats-USA (1974-80)' (Sklar, 'Washington e Batla ho Reka Likhetho tsa Nicaragua Hape: Tataiso ea Litšebetso tsa US le Mekha ea Nicaragua,' Z Magazine, December 1989: 59, 54).
Ka bokhuts'oanyane, Gershman le ba bang ba 'maloa ba mokhatlo oa basebetsi-ho kenyeletsoa le Irving Brown ea seng a hlokahetse, Tom Kahn, Lane Kirkland, Jay Lovestone le Albert Shanker, le ba ntseng ba phela (ho ea kamoo ke tsebang) Sol Chaikin, William. Doherty, Jr., Thomas R. Donahue, Sandra Feldman, John Joyce, Harry Kamberis, Eugenia Kemble, William Lucy, Jay Mazur, Barbara Shailor, le John Sweeney-ba bile karolo ea sehlopha se senyenyane empa se le matla haholo. batho ba ntseng ba le teng kapa ba tsoileng mokhatlong oa basebetsi oa US, ba sebetsang ka har'a marang-rang a mekhatlo ea lipolotiki e arabelang hangata e fepang litho tsa eona ka har'a litsamaiso tsa 'Muso oa US, le ba sebeletsang ho ntšetsa pele merero ea maano a kantle ho naha. ho tloha maemong a bona a mokhatlo (Barry le Preusch, AIFLD Latin America: Baemeli e le Bahlophisi (Albuquerque: The Resource Center, 1986; Sklar, 1989; Sims, Basebetsi ba Lefatše ba Senyehile: Karolo ea Basebetsi ba Amerika ho Leano la US Foreign Foreign Policy, Boston: South End Tobetsa, 1992). Mme ba etsa sena ntle le ponaletso, ntle le ho tlaleha ka botshepehi, haholoholo taelong ya demokrasi ho tswa ho mekgatlo ya basebetsi le ditho tsa yona tseo ba ipolelang hore ba di emetse.
E 'ngoe ea lintho tse tšoanang tseo bongata ba batho bana ba li arolelanang ke lefa le tloaelehileng la lipolotiki la Social Democrats, USA, kapa SDUSA. SDUSA ke phello ea ho qetela ea phetoho ho tloha Revolutionary Trotskyism ho ea moo ba neng ba le matla ka ho khetheha tlas'a Tsamaiso ea Reagan. Ho ea ka Michael Massing ('Trotsky's Orphans: From Bolshevism to Reaganism,' The New Republic, June 22, 1987: 21), 'litho tsa sehlopha li thusitse ho tsebahatsa lipuisano tsa mokhoa oa Reagan le libaka tseo hangata li sa khoneng ho sokolla ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng.' Massing, ka mor'a ho hlalosa mokhoa oa lipolotiki oa sehlopha ho tloha Trotsky ho ea Reagan, o khetholla Gershman, Kahn, le Kemble e le litho tsa SDUSA: Carl Gershman, Mopresidente oa NED; mofu Tom Kahn ka nako eo e ne e le hlooho ea Lefapha la Litaba tsa Machabeng la AFL-CIO, ’me Eugenia Kemble e ne e le Motsamaisi e Moholo oa Setsi sa Free Trade Union Institute. Ho feta moo, le hoja e ne e se setho, mofu Albert Shanker, eo ka nako eo e neng e le Mopresidente oa American Federation of Teachers le motlatsi oa bohlokoa oa mosebetsi (sheba Schmidt, The American Federation of Teachers and the CIA, Chicago: Substitutes United for Better Schools % Substance), e ne e le lekgotleng la boeletsi la naha la SDUSA. 'Me Tom Donahue, eo e neng e le Mongoli-Treasurer oa AFL-CIO-'me nakoana pakeng tsa Kirkland le Sweeney e ne e le Mopresidente oa AFL-CIO-o ne a nyetsoe ke' morutuoa oa Schactman '(eo ke lumelang hore ke tsela e' ngoe ea ho ngola 'setho sa SDUSA'. ) Rachelle Horowitz (Massing, 1987). Donahue o ile a khetholloa e le Mohlokomeli oa Boto ea Boto ea Batsamaisi ba NED ho NED, 2000 ('Tlhaloso ea Naha ea Boto ea Batsamaisi ba Demokrasi, 2000,' le Motlatsi oa Molula-setulo oa Boto ka NED, 2003 ('Thomas R. Donahue (Motlatsi oa Motlatsi), inthaneteng ho www.ned.org/about/board_bios/donahue.html.)
Ka bokhutšoanyane, baetapele ba bangata ba boemo bo holimo ba naha ba AFL-CIO ba ipapisitseng le bonnete ba maemo a bona a Basebetsi-ba memetsoe ho kena le ho kenela mekhatlo ea maemo a holimo ea maano a kantle ho naha a US, mme ba nkile karolo ka mafolofolo mererong ea maano a kantle ho naha a US ntle le ho ba tsebisa. mekhatlo e ikopantseng le litho tsa eona, re se re sa re letho ka ho kopa taelo ea ho etsa joalo. Ka hloko ba bolokile likamano tsena e le lekunutu ho litho tsa bona, 'me ba buile leshano ha ba pepesitsoe. Ka bokhutšoane, ba tsoile tšepo ea basebetsi ka mafolofolo, Maamerika le ba mekhatlong ea basebetsi lefatšeng ka bophara.
6. Mantsoe a AFL-CIO khahlanong le 'Nete
Boetapele ba AFL-CIO bo fana ka maikutlo a demokrasi le tokoloho ho kenella ha mmuso mekhatlong ea basebetsi liphatlalatsong tsa bona tsa sechaba. Tlalehong ea 1987 FTUI, mohlala, Mopresidente oa mehleng oa AFL-CIO, Lane Kirkland, o qotsitsoe haholo sengolong seo a se ngotseng koranteng, Commonsense. Har'a tse ling, Monghali Kirkland o ngotse;
Har'a litokelo tsohle tsa botho tse atisang ho baloa, re lumela hore ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke tokoloho ea ho kopana - eseng feela hobane e le motheo oa motheo oa mekhatlo ea basebetsi, empa hobane e nolofalletsa le ho sireletsa ts'ebetsong ea litokelo tse ling tsohle tsa botho.
Tokoloho ea kopano e bolela, ka mokhoa o bonolo feela, tokelo ea batho ba tloaelehileng ba arolelanang lithahasello tse tšoanang ho theha mekhatlo ea bona e le hore ba ntšetse pele lithahasello tseo le ho li sireletsa khahlanong le matla a se nang boikemelo a naha, mohiri, kapa liqhobosheane tse ling tsa boithati. Ho ba sieo litsing tse joalo tsa tšireletso, ha se feela hore batho ha ba na matla a ho sireletsa litokelo tse ling tseo ba ka bang le tsona khahlanong le ho kena-kenana le metsi, empa litokelo tseo ha lia qojoa (ho qotsitsoe ho FTUI, 1987: 9-10).
Haeba taba ena e ne e le 'nete, eseng puo feela ea puo, AFL-CIO e ne e ke ke ea etsa letho ho tšehetsa naha, haholo-holo e etelletsoeng pele ke 'muso o khahlanong le demokrasi. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho tsoa polelong ena, re ka lebella ho bona AFL-CIO e etsa sohle seo e ka se khonang ho tšehetsa mebuso eo e ileng ea atolosa tokelo ea ho kopana le mehato e meng ea ho matlafatsa tokoloho.
Leha ho le joalo seo re lulang re se bona khafetsa ke hore, ho sa tsotellehe lipuo tse ngata, AFL-CIO e lula e tšehetsa mekhatlo ea basebetsi e sireletsang taolo ea naha holim'a sechaba. AFL-CIO e tšehelitse Mokhatlo oa Trade Union Congress (TUCP) oa Philippines o entsoeng ke Bohatelli ba Marcos ho fana ka tšehetso ea basebetsi bakeng sa bohatelli. Re bona ntho e tšoanang le Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) naheng eo, le le Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM-in Spanish) Mexico, le Indonesia. Mme re e bone tlasa Monghadi Meany, Mong. Kirkland, le Mong. Sweeney, mme ho sa tsotelehe hore Washington e ne e etelletswe pele ke MaRepublican kapa MaDemocrats.
Mme haeba ho ka ba le pelaelo e setseng mabapi le taba ena, e ne e le monna-Harry Kamberis-ea neng a sebelitse Philippines le Korea Boroa nakong ea khatello e makatsang ea basebetsi ke linaha le mekhatlo ea basebetsi e tšehelitsoeng ke AFL-CIO, eo pele e neng e le US. Ofisiri ea Lefapha la Naha, hore Monghali Sweeney o khothalelitsoe ho sebetsa e le hlooho ea Setsi sa Amerika sa Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Basebetsi. [Bakeng sa litlaleho tse bolelele ba buka tsa khatello Philippines-le boiteko ba basebetsi ba ho e hlola-bona Scipes, KMU: Building Genuine Trade Unionism in the Philippines, 1980-1994 (Quezon City, Metro Manila: New Day Publishers, 1996) le bakeng sa buka e ts'oanang e mabapi le mosebetsi oa Korea Boroa, bona Chun Soonok, They Are Not Machines: Korean Women Workers and Their Fight for Democratic Trade Unionism in the 1970s (Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2003)] Seo se bonahala e le motheo o fokolang oo ho oona ho ka etsoang. aha morero oa ntlafatso.
Eseng hoo feela empa, ha e le hantle, AFL-CIO e na le nalane ea khale ea ho nyenyefatsa mebuso e tsoelang pele, e khethiloeng ka demokrasi e lekang ho atolosa tokoloho ea batho-joalo ka tokoloho ea ho kopana, tokoloho ea ho bua, le tokoloho ea ts'ireletso ea moruo-ho. batho ba sebetsang. Re bona seo Guatemala, Guyana, Brazil, Dominican Republic, Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua le, morao tjena, Venezuela.
Ho bonahala eka AFL-CIO e hlile e tšehetsa litekanyetso tsena maemong a itseng. Litlaleho tsa tšehetso bakeng sa litekanyetso tsa bokahohle, tse kang bolokolohi ba ho kopana le puo, li fumanoa e le, ha ho hlahlojoa ka hloko, ke lisebelisoa feela tsa ho shapa bao AFL-CIO e sa lumellaneng le bona. Tokoloho ea Mokhatlo ke ea feela ba kowtow 'Musong oa US.
7. Mantsoe a akaretsang
NED e thehiloe ka ho khetheha ke Naha ea Amerika ho ntšetsa pele lithahasello tsa leano la US la kantle ho naha, 'me, leha ho nahanoa hore NED ke 'e seng ea mmuso', e sebelitse lebitsong la Naha ea Amerika ka lilemo tse fetang mashome a mabeli. AFL-CIO e ne e le e mong oa bathehi le litsi tsa mantlha tsa NED, 'me Setsi sa Solidarity se ntse se tsoela pele ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho fihlela kajeno. Litho tsa nako e telele tsa Basebetsi li bapala kapa li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ka hare ho NED, haholo-holo Carl Gershman, Lane Kirkland, le Thomas R. Donahue.
Ka bokhutšoanyane, re na le basebeletsi ba boemo bo phahameng ba Basebetsi ba nkang karolo mesebetsing e le baemeli ba Basebetsi moo ba nang le tokelo e itseng.
Leha ho le joalo, kamano le NED le lenaneo la US State Department's Labor Diplomacy li patiloe ka hloko ho litho tsa AFL-CIO. Ha ho so be le accounting e tšepahalang kapa pepeneneng ho leano la kantle ho naha la AFL-CIO le ts'ebetso e amanang le eona. Sena e bile 'nete le haeba ho tobana le litlhoko tse pheta-phetoang ho tsoa ho mekhatlo ea basebetsi e ikopantseng le AFL-CIO, joalo ka California le Washington State AFL-CIOs, National Writers Union, le 'constituency group' bakeng sa batho ba ratanang le banna ba bang, ba ratanang le banna ba bang, ba ratanang le banna le basali le ba iphetotseng bong. litho tsa AFL-CIO, Pride at Work. Ho hloka demokrasi ka hare ho AFL-CIO ho etsa hore ho se khonehe hore AFL-CIO e khothalletse demokrasi ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tsela ea sebele lefatšeng ka bophara.
QETELLO
Pampiri ena e fane ka litaba tsa morao-rao mabapi le Tlhōlo ea Naha ea Demokerasi, 'me e fane ka tsepamiso mabapi le kamano ea eona le AFL-CIO.
Mosebetsi oa AFL-CIO naheng ea Venezuela, haholo-holo ke basebetsi ba Setsi sa Solidarity (ka molao, American Institute for International Labor Solidarity kapa ACILS), e tšehelitsoe ka chelete e ngata haholo-ha e se ka botlalo-empa NED, morero oa Naha ea Amerika. Mosebetsi ona ha oa rereloa ho tsoela basebetsi molemo naheng eo, empa ke ho fokotsa, haeba e sa senye, boiteko ba basebetsi ba ho rarolla mathata a sebele naheng eo esale e hana ho a rarolla: bofutsana bo atileng le bohloki naheng e khōlō e hlahisang oli. ke ntho e nyonyehang.
Empa qeto ea ho emisa lenaneo la maano a kantle ho naha ea AFL-CIO e ka emisoa feela ke litho tsa AFL-CIO le baetapele ba bona ba semmuso, kaha ha ho na monyetla oa hore National Endowment for Democracy e ba felise. Qeto ea 'Haha Bonngoe le ho Tšepana le Basebetsi Lefatšeng ka Bophara' e ka pel'a Kopano ea AFL-CIO e tla tšoareloa Chicago mafelong a Phupu (2005). A mekgatlo ya basebetsi e hatelang pele le balekane ba bona ba tla kgona ho hlola matsapa a ho ba thibela, mme qetellong ba tla etsa qeto ya ho etsa AFL-CIO matla a kopano ya sebele ya mosebetsi wa machaba? Re tla bona se etsahalang Kopanong ena, leha e ka fetisoa, haeba qeto e tla sebetsa. Empa leha mathata a le mangata, lena ke lekhetlo la pele hore baitseki ba mesebetsi ba khonne ho qobella lipuisano tsa boemo bona mabapi le leano la kantle ho naha ea Basebetsi nakong ea lilemo tse ka bang 20. Liphetho li tla khutla ho pota lefatše ka nako e telele haholo.
Kim Scipes, Ph.D., hajoale ke setho sa National Writers Union/UAW. Ke moitseki wa nako e telele, mme ke setho sa maemo a pele sa mekgatlo e meng e meraro. Hona joale o ruta thuto ea kahisano Univesithing ea Purdue North Central e Westville, Indiana. A ka finyelloa ho [imeile e sirelelitsoe].
ZNetwork e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete feela ka seatla se bulehileng sa babali ba eona.
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