Nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi, mabasa akakosha, hukama hwetiweki-zvese zvinounza simba revashandi. "Labour Power and Strategy" inopa hurukuro yakawedzerwa pakati pevane veteran varongi pamusoro pemashandisiro anoita modhi idzi nekudyidzana, uye nemafambisirwo azvo.
Bhuku Simba reBasa uye Hurongwa (PM Press, 2023) yakagadzirwa se "referensi muhomwe yekumashure uye chishandiso chekukurukurirana kuchizvarwa chitsva chevarongi vevashandi," akanyora mupepeti-mupepeti Peter Olney, director akasiya basa weInternational Longshore uye Warehouse Union (ILWU).
Kuchinjana kwezvinyorwa netsamba kwakatungamira kunhaurirano pakati paOlney naProfessor John Womack Jr. inoumba musimboti webhuku.
Mushure mekuzvisimbisa semukuru wekutaura Chirungu munyori wezvakaitika kare weMexican Revolution, Womack akachera muchidzidzo chemaitiro ebasa muMexico. Yake tsvakurudzo yakabuda nzira yekunongedza nzvimbo munzvimbo dzebasa umo vashandi vaive nesimba rakawanda-uye kuronga mashandisirwo esimba iroro. Kubva panguva yaaive kuILWU, Olney ainyatsoziva zvaigona kuitwa nevashandi vari munzvimbo dzine hunyanzvi. Iye naWomack vakanga vanyorerana, vakazopedzisira vasangana uye vakanyora "The Foundary Interviews" muna 2018. Mupepeti webhuku, Glenn Perušek, akagadzirisa avo. Iye naOlney vakabva vakumbira gumi veteran varongi uye vadzidzisi vevashandi kuti vakurukure, kupokana, uye kugadzira zvirevo zvaWomack.
“Maitiro ebhuku iri ndeeune. Inotaridza nhaurirano, nzira yekutora chikamu yekudzidza nekufunga iyo yakakosha kurudzi rwedemocracy, inoshingairira, yekukurudzira mubatanidzwa watinosimudzira, "akanyora kudaro Perušek, muongorori wehunyanzvi uye nhengo yedare repaMichigan State University's Building Trades Academy.
Vaviri vevakabatsira ku Simba reBasa uye Hurongwa, Jane McAlevey naBill Fletcher Jr., vakabatana naOlney pachikamu che "Reinventing Solidarity," podcast yakaitwa ne Guta Yunivhesiti yeNew York Chikoro cheBasa uye Urban Zvidzidzo (SLU) uye magazini New Labor Forum. CUNY Purofesa (uye nhengo yeConvergence Editorial Board) Stephanie Luce akakwenenzvera nhaurirano. Convergence inofara kupa mashoma mashoma kubva munhaurirano iyi; unogona kuteerera kune ese Episode 41 ye "Reinventing Solidarity" pano.
Stephanie Luce: John Womack akataura nezve kukosha kwekufunga nezve zano mukati mebato revashandi. Peter, unogona here kugovera zvimwe zvemuono wake wawakaona uchinyanya kubatsira?
Peter Olney: Chandakaona chinobatsira kufunga nezvehurongwa hwehupfumi hwehupfumi, hwakakura-uye mukati mezvikamu izvozvo, ndedzipi nzvimbo dzinodzipwa, nzvimbo dzine vashandi vane simba rinoshamisa, kwete nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwavo asi nekuda kwechinzvimbo chavo mukuita. Imwe pfungwa inotaurwa naJohn ndeyekuti izvo zvinokachidza zvinogara zvichishanduka. Zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira zvinogara zvichishanduka. Iwe une kuunzwa kwemarobhoti kutsiva basa revanhu, zvinogona kubvisa simba revashandi. Uye zvakadaro iwe une marobhoti-ekugadzirisa mechanics achive akakosha akakosha vashandi. Saka ndiyo pfungwa inogara ine simba uye kudiwa kwekuongorora kwakanyatsondibata pamusoro penhaurirano idzi naJohn Womack.
Stephanie Luce: Jane, wakanyora chitsauko chakanakisa chinodaidzwa kuti "Maitiro Ekuverenga Womack" uye wakanangana nemapfungwa maviri akakosha aunofunga kuti anofanirwa kutariswa. Unogona kutaura nezvazvo zvishoma?
Jane McAlevey: Chero nguva yatiri kukakavara mibvunzo yesimba uye zano, ingori zuva rakanaka mukufamba kwedu…. Kwandiri, mubvunzo wakakosha ndewekuti tingagadzira kupi rudzi rwedambudziko-ndiro izwi randakadzidziswa kushandisa kubva 1199-rudzi rwedambudziko kana rudzi rwekuvhiringidza runomanikidza makambani nemari uye, isu tinovimba, vezvematongerwo enyika vakakura kuti vapindure uye vatange kutaurirana nesu? Ndakapedza nguva yakawanda yehupenyu hwangu ndichironga munzvimbo dzinopihwa mari neruzhinji dzebazi rakazvimiririra senge hutano, uyezve mune dzidzo, iyo inoonekwa zvakanyanya sechikamu cheveruzhinji. Ini ndinofunga kuti takaona mukuramwa kwemazuva ano kuti kune kwakawanda kugona kugadzira kukanganisa kukuru kunomanikidza vezvematongerwo enyika kuti vauye patafura kuti vataurirane nesu.
Ndinoda kusundira zvakasimba kuti ndiani ane simba rekugadzira kukanganisa ikoko uye nekuguma kupi. Kana isu tichigadzira kukanganisa mukati, ngatitii, an kuramwa mabasa senge kuWest Virginia, uye tiri kungobuda nezvikumbiro zvakatetepa, izvo hazvibatsire zvakanyanya. Asi kana izvo zvinodikanwa zvatiri kugadzira zvakakura seti yezvido zvevanhu, uye isu tinoona avo vanonzi vashandi vehurumende sedziviriro yepamberi pakuparadzwa kwekupedzisira kwezvakanaka zveveruzhinji uye mabasa eruzhinji, ndinofunga kuti igehena yakakosha uye yakarongeka chikamu chekuita.
Stephanie Luce: Bill, uri kunyatsoongorora mubvunzo wekuti ndiani watiri kutaura nezvekuronga pano, uye kuti zano rinobva kumusoro, kubva kuvakuru vemauto vari kuita sarudzo dzakanyanya hunyanzvi, kana kubva kune vanhu vari kufamba. Ungawedzera chii?
Bill Fletcher Jr.: Ini ndinobvumirana zvakanyanya nezvakataurwa naJane. Ndakapa chitsauko chino musoro unoti “Spartacus Yaifanira Kuronga Vagari VeRoma Pane Kuti Vave Varanda Here?” nekuti ndaida kusvika pamubvunzo uyu wevanhu vari kufamba, uye nezvematongerwo enyika (ndichishandisa iyo nediki p) yeavo vari kufamba. Chandinonetsana nacho imubvunzo wekuti, seshamwari yangu yekare yaigara ichiti, huni nyoro here kana kuti yakaoma? Uye ini zvakare, ndinotarisa pane izvo Womack ari kusimudza maererano neiyo ripples inogona kutumirwa uye kupi. Asi zvino, sekutaura kwaJane, chinangwa chemafambiro aya ndechei? Ndinotaura nezvekuramwa mabasa kwakaitika kuSouth Africa kwevashandi vemumigodhi yevachena, paive nemashoko okuti, “Vashandi venyika vanobatana uye vanorwira vachena veSouth Africa.” Saka zvaive pachena kuti vaive vatora nzvimbo isina njodzi muhupfumi hweSouth Africa. Izvi zvakaitika kare mukutanga kwema1920. Asi zviri pachena kuti zvematongerwo enyika zvaive nedambudziko. Saka ndizvo zvinhu zvandaiedza kurwisana nazvo.
Izvo zvakare zvinokurudzirwa zvakanyanya nekuverenga Nicos Poulantzas's Fascism uye Dictatorship, kwaanoita ichi chicherechedzo chinonakidza chekuti mukutungamira mukukunda kwefascism muItari neGermany, bato remubatanidzwa rakava nemhirizhonga, asi zvayaida zvaive zvehupfumi. Yakanga isiri iyo inopikisa-fascist yevashandi, uye kuti chiyero chekufamba chaive chadzikira. Uye ini ndinonetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pekuzvidzokorora muUnited States kana ndikatarisa mamwe matambudziko ari kuitika mukati memazuva ano emubatanidzwa wemubatanidzwa. Uye kutaura chokwadi, humwe humbwende hwevatungamiriri vazhinji vasingade kutora nyaya iri kure. Saka ndinoona sekuti ndakanga ndakabatana pamwe chete uye zvakare kubva pane izvo Dr. Womack vaisimudza.
Chii chinonzi simba?
Stephanie Luce: Ndinofunga imwe makakatanwa anouya mubhuku rose iyi pfungwa yekutsanangura simba uye kufunga nezvesimba. Uye mubvunzurudzo, unokurukura naProfessor Womack aya mazwi ekuti "simba rekuvaka" uye "simba remubatanidzwa," raari kutora chikamu kubva kuna Erik Olin Wright, nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin Madison. Ndakashandisa mazwi iwayo mukudzidzisa kwangu nevarongi vevashandi nevaratidziri. Simba rekuvaka isimba raunowana kubva kwaunogara mune zvehupfumi, kana kwaunowanikwa munzvimbo yebasa kana musika wevashandi - kana uine hunyanzvi hushoma, kana zvakaoma kukutsiva, kana uripo. pabhodhoro mumutsetse wekugadzira. Asi izwi rekuti "simba rekugadzirisa" hariwanzoite serinomhara nevarongi. Ndinofunga kuti vamwe vavo vanoona zviri nyore kufunga nezvazvo sesimba rekukanganisa, kana kukanganisa simba, semuenzaniso.
Uyezve rimwe izwi rekubatana simba, iro John Womack akabvumiranawo harisi izwi rinobatsira uye anodana comradeship. Muzvidzidzo zvangu, tinozvidaidza kuti simba rekubatana; Iri ndiro simba rinouya kubva mukubatana kwakasimba nevaunoshanda navo kana zvimwe zvikamu zvenzanga, ruzhinji rwevanhu semuenzaniso. Saka ini ndinofunga imwe yemakakatanwa ari mubhuku ndeyekuti mutsauko pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzesimba une musoro here? Vanoshanda pamwe chete sei? Tinofanira kukudza mumwe kupfuura mumwe here? Uye saka ndanga ndichida kukubvunza iwe, Jane, kuti utaure zvimwe pamusoro pekufunga kwako pamusoro pesimba remasimba uye mafungire atinoita pamusoro pazvo mubato revashandi.
Jane McAlevey: Rega ndidzoke kuchinhu chimwe chakataurwa naBill, senzira yekupindira mune izvi. Chii chaizotora kuvaka anti-fascist trade union movement izvozvi? Zvinoita semubvunzo wekukurumidzira, kutaura chokwadi, panguva ino chaiyo ...
Apo pandinofunga nezvekuvaka sangano rinopikisa refascist trade union, mubvunzo webasa redzidzo uye vashandi vehutano vanouya zvakare, nokuti ndinofunga kuti netsanangudzo, vanogona kumanikidzira mibvunzo yakakura pamusoro pehutano hwemagariro evanhu pamusangano wevashandi. Ndivo vandagara ndichidaidzira kuti vashandi vanofambiswa nemamishinari, avo vasiri muhondo yehupfumi chete. Muchokwadi, vari muhondo yekuita masevhisi avanopa ari nani uye masevhisi iwayo akakosha. Une kodzero here yekurapwa? Uri kufa here? Mwana wako ari kuwana dzidzo yakanaka here kana kuti kwete?
Munzvimbo yakaita seWest Virginia uye mune yakawanda yeUnited States izvozvi, ndiwo maviri makuru makuru emabasa. Saka, kune rimwe divi, havasi doko re LA maererano nesimba rekugadzirisa, asi ndivo vashandirwi vakakura kune giant swaths yehuwandu hwevanhu uye geographic sectors kwatinoda kuita basa rezvematongerwo enyika uye kusasarudzwa uye kusarudza marudzi akasiyana evanhu. ….
Zvino, kana mibatanidzwa mizhinji ichifunga nezvesimba rekubatana kana kufunga nezve kuvaka simba nechinhu chavanodaidza kuti "nharaunda" ... ndipo apo varongi vakanaka vanoongorora huropi hwavo pamusuwo. Nekuti isu tinofanirwa kuve nemhando imwechete yenzira dzekushandisa kugona kwesimba rekubatana, zvichireva simba kunze kwenzvimbo yebasa-simba rinobva kuvabereki, simba rinobva kuvadzidzi kana iri kuramwa kwedzidzo, simba rinobva kune vakawanda vatengi uye varwere nemhuri kana kuramwa kwehutano kwenguva refu. Iro simba rekubatana harirevi zvakawanda kunze kwekunge rakarongeka. Uye saka isu tine dzidziso yakabatana uye seti yenzira dzinoshandura simba remubatanidzwa kuita simba rakarongeka?
Hazvina kana kwazvakarerekera. Hazvina kutombofanana kana tikasaronga nharaunda yekutenda kuburikidza nenhengo-ne-faira, kana tikasaenda kunoronga zvese zvinongedzo izvo nhengo dzinenge dziripo kuburikidza nenhengo pachavo nenzira yepasi-kumusoro, hazvisi. Kungoti isu tiri kusiya simba ipapo, imwe SOB ichaitora.
Muenzaniso wakanaka wakadaro Chattanooga UAW sarudzo yekuyedza kudzoka. UAW yakatumira muchikwata chevarongi vaive ngatingoti kwete A-team nekugamuchirwa kwevanhu nekuti vaive nechibvumirano chavaifunga kuti chaive chibvumirano chekusarerekera, uko mushandirwi aisabvumidzwa kugadzirisa kurwisa nenzira dzakaipa Volkswagen, mune izvi. kesi, mukati menzvimbo. Uye chavakapotsa chose ndechekuti vaive vabuda kunze-vakarongeka mumakereke uye nemadzimai. Saka bapiro rekurudyi muTennessee rakananga kuvakadzi vevashandi vemotokari mumakereke kuti varonge varume vavo kuti vavhote kwete, kunyangwe nechibvumirano chekusarerekera. Saka ndizvo, zvakafanana nemuenzaniso wekongiri wepatisingabude uye kuronga iro simba. Mumwe munhu ari kuzozviita mudanidziro yakaoma.
Chii chinonzi strategy?
Stephanie Luce: Tichitendeukira kumubvunzo wezano, tinogona kufunga nezve "maitiro" maererano neaya mapoinzi kana mabhodhoro. Asi hurongwa hunogonawo kuva maererano nekuchinja maonero evanhu. Strategic inogona kunge iri maererano nekureba kwekuvaka mibatanidzwa. Tine nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana dzekufunga nezve zano.
Bill, wanga uchifunga uye uchinyora nezvekuti bato revashandi rinofanira kunge riri pamberi pekurwisa mafashist ehudzvanyiriri mafambiro. Jane ane nharo yakasimba yenzira yepasi-kumusoro, asi pane zvakare mubvunzo wekuti vatungamiriri vepamusoro vanofanirwa kunge vachitorawo matanho uye pamwe kuvaka izvo zvatingafunga nezvazvo sekubatana kwehunyanzvi nevanhu vasingawanzo shamwari dzedu mukurwa. vachipesana nesangano reudzvanyiriri. Asi ndiri kuda kunzwa dzimwe pfungwa pane izvi nekuti ndinoziva zviri kumberi mupfungwa dzako.
Bill Fletcher Jr: Kutanga, ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha chaizvo kuti vanhu vasapotsa chokwadi ichi mubvunzo wekuongorora kwekongiri. Muzvinyorwa zvaMao Tse Tung, akabvunza mubvunzo, vavengi vedu ndivanaani uye shamwari dzedu ndivanaani? Ndizvo chaizvo izvo vanhu vanofanira kubvunza. Iwe unotanga nekuziva vavengi, chii chinovaita vavengi uye ndivanaani shamwari? Uye mukati mazvo mune shamwari dzine hunyanzvi uye dzehunyanzvi.
Rimwe rematambudziko nderekuti musangano revashandi, isu hatidzidzise vanhu zano nemaitiro. Ndave ndichikakavara kwemakore kuti panofanira kuva nekoreji yevashandi, apo chinhu chekutanga chinoverengwa nevanhu chingave Sun Tzu. The Art of War uye vanhu vaizosvika pakunzwisisa mazano nemano edanidziro, mayadhi mapfumbamwe ose. Asi iwe unotanga nekuongorora kwekongiri. Uye ndinofunga kuti zvakakosha kutaura izvi nekuti handidi kuti vanhu vanzwe kuremerwa sekuti, ‘Zvakanaka, handina kudzidziswa izvi. Handizivi kuti ndingaita sei izvi.’ Unogona kuzviita. Uye zvinogona kuitwa nenzira yakareruka kwazvo, kupinda muzivo iyo vanhu vanayo. Uye ndiri kukurudzira vanhu kuti vaite izvozvo kumwe kunhu.
Chechipiri ndechekuti ini ndati fambei zvishoma kudarika Jane angave ari panyaya iyi yemibatanidzwa. Kunzwisisa kuti kana tichitaura nezveboka rekushanda, hatisi kungotaura nezvevanhu mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzebasa, asi kuti kune mibatanidzwa inofanira kuvakwa nemasimba ari kunze kweboka rekushanda. Uye kunyanya mumubvunzo uyu wekurudyi, izvi zvinova zvakakosha.
Isu tiri kutarisana nematambudziko mazhinji. Imwe ndeyekushaikwa kweanobatana, anoona Kuruboshwe kunogona kuva manyuko ekurudziro yenguva refu….Rudzi rwenhaurirano yatiri kuita iye zvino pamusoro pemazano uye mazano haasi kuitika mubato guru revashandi. Basa rakarongeka rine zvirongwa zvakawanda zvikuru, asi vangani vangadai vakagadzirira vatungamiri kuti chii chaizoitwa dai coup musi wa6 Ndira 2021 yabudirira? Vangani varikugadzirira iwe zvekuita kana kukwikwidza kunotevera kuchidzika, kana paine hugandanga hwakanyanya, kana paine kukanganisa kwemutemo nebapiro rekurudyi? Asi nenzira inosetsa, ndine tariro. Ndiri kufara nezvandinoona kunze uko-asi mukushayikwa kwehutungamiriri uye kurongeka kwakadzikama, nhoroondo inoratidza zvichaitika.
Stephanie Luce: Panguva ino munhoroondo, tiri kutarisana nekutyisidzirwa kwakakomba kubva kumativi akawanda-asi tinoonawo zvakawanda zvekuita uye kufarira mibatanidzwa kupfuura zvatakaona munguva yakareba. Vazhinji vechidiki vane zvematongerwo enyika uye vakagadzirira kudzidza nekuita. Saka chii chaunonyanya kunakidzwa nacho?
Peter Olney: Ini ndinogovana pfungwa yekukurumidzira nezve kutyisidzira kwefascist, uye ndagara ndichikakavara nezvemubatanidzwa "mauto ekuvhota” munhandare dzehondo…. Panyaya yezviratidzo zvekutarisira, ndapedza makore mashanu ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwangu ndichiedza kubatsira kuvaka network yevanoronga muAmazon. Uye izvozvi tiri munhaurirano dzakanaka apo tine masangano matatu ari kutaura kune mumwe nemumwe uye kune network yevarongi vakazvimiririra vakaita seAmazonians United nezvekutanga kuvaka kumwe kubatana nekushandira pamwe. Mushure mezvose, Amazon ingangove miriyoni yevashandi vezvigadzirwa uye ichatora maoko ese padhizaini kuita chero yakakomba kuronga. Saka ino nguva yekubudirira pakati pevechidiki, ndinofunga inogona kududzira mune zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshamisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa yekukurumidzira uye kunetseka pamusoro pegwara rezvematongerwo enyika renyika yedu rinofanira kuzivisa zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvatinoita.
Simba reVashandi neChirongwa, naJohn Womack, ed. naPeter Olney naGlenn Perušek, PM Press 2023. Vabatsiri vechitsauko: Gene Bruskin, Carey Dall, Dan DiMaggio, Katy Fox-Hodess, Bill Fletcher Jr., Jane McAlevey, Jack Metzger, Joel Ochoa, Mellissa Shetler, Rand Wilson. Mifananidzo naRobert Gumpert.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
dhoneta