Ini handisati ndanzwa ndichimanikidzwa kunyora ongororo kana rondedzero mushure mekuverenga bhuku. Ndinowanzo kufemerwa, kusuwa, kana kufungisisa mushure mekupedza bhuku, asi kazhinji handinzwe ndichimanikidzwa kufunga pachena kuburikidza nenyaya dzakandibudira mukuverenga basa remumwe munhu.
Zohra Drif's Mukati meHondo yeAlgiers: Memoir yeMukadzi Rusununguko Fighter akandisiya ndiri panzvimbo yakasiyana zvikuru. Ndakakura ndichikurudzirwa nehondo yerusununguko yeAlgeria yairwisana neFrance uye ndakanga, pamwe chete nezviuru zvevamwe vatsigiri vechizvarwa changu chezvematongerwo enyika, vakaona firimu rine mukurumbira reGillo Pontecorvo. Hondo yeAlgiers-uye Drif akaita basa rakakosha mune mamwe mapikicha anoratidzwa mairi. Chandakatadza kubata ndechekuti firimu rakanga rave pedyo sei nezvokwadi, zvirinani sekutsanangurwa kwaDrif.
Iyi inyaya inobata-bata yemumwe mukadzi uyo, mumamiriro ekunze eutongi hweAlgeria, akave mutsigiri mukuda kwerusununguko rwenyika yake.
Zvakadaro bhuku raDrif riri kurova zvishoma nekuda kwekubatana kwaro nefirimu rePontecorvo pane nekuti inyaya yemukadzi uyo, mumamiriro ekunze ekoloni yeAlgeria, akave mutsigiri mukuda kwerusununguko rweAlgeria. Drif aifanira kukunda kusada kwaivepo mukati memhuri yake, pamusoro pekudzvinyirira kwaiitwa nevakuru veFrance.
Idzi nyaya, mukati uye pachezvazvo, zvingave zvakakwana kutungamira munhu kuti akoshese nyaya yaDrif. Asi inhaurirano yake yezviitwa zvepfuti zvaakanga achibatanidzwa nazvo, kusanganisira kubhomba kwezvinangwa zvevanhu, izvo zvakaita kuti muzongoza wangu utonhore uye zvakaita kuti ndimire ndofunga.
Chero ani akaona Hondo yeAlgiers vacharangarira kuti magandanga emudhorobha eFLN (Front de Libération Nationale) akaita mabhomba ezvinangwa zvevagari mukudzorera kurwadziswa nekuuraiwa kwevaAlgeria nemauto eFrance uye kurwiswa kwehugandanga kwaiitirwa zvizvarwa zveAlgeria nevapambi vekuFrance. Pese pandinoona zviono izvo-uye ndakaona bhaisikopo kakawanda-handina kugadzikana pakuona vanhuwo zvavo vakaurayiwa nekukuvadzwa. Ndakashaya kuti Drif aizoupindura sei mubvunzo uyu mubhuku rake. Kusvika kumwero wakati ndakashamiswa nemaitiro ake akananga uye asina tariro.
Tsananguro yaDrif yeChimurenga cheAlgeria inogona kufarirwa zvakanyanya kana munhu akatarisa kuzara kwemamiriro ezvinhu uye, kunyanya, mabatirwo akaitwa vanhu veAlgeria. Algeria yaive pakati peaya makoroni eEurope anogona kutsanangurwa se "settler states" kana "settler colonies". Idzi dzaive makoroni uko veEurope vaisangodzora dunhu nekutora zviwanikwa zvayo asi pakanga pave nesarudzo yekuziva kugadzirisa vaEurope. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita settler dzakadai dzinosanganisira Ireland, Kenya, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, South Africa, Palestine/Israel, Canada, USA, Australia, neNew Zealand.
Pane zvakawanda zvinocherechedzwa nezvesettler states. Imwe ndeyekuti kazhinji Mwari vanotaurwa sei, sekunge vachinzi vakapa idzo nzvimbo kune vagari vekuEurope. Ikoko kwakanga kuri kwechokwadi zvikurukuru muIreland, South Africa, Israel, uye United States.
Chechipiri inzira iyo vagari vemo mupfungwa uye mumuviri vanobvisa vagari vemo uye vazvitsanangurire se ari vagari vemunyika iyi zviri pamutemo. MuUnited States tinoziva izvi, uye ramifications kune maIndia ekuAmerica. MuAlgeria vaFrance vakakurudzira varombo vokumaodzanyemba kweEurope kuti vatamire kuAlgeria ndokugara. Sezvinei nezvevaigara, ivo vakanga vava maAlgerian, kana kuti, kunyanya, maFrench Algeria. Zvizvarwa zvemuAlgeria zvaive zvakaenzana nechiropa chakachekwa.
Varombo vokumaodzanyemba kweEurope vakagara vakasvika pakuzivikanwa sava pieds-noirs (tsoka nhema). Vakasvika pashure pokunge mauto eFrance akunda mauto eko uye atora nyika yakanakisisa—kukunda kwakatanga muna 1830. Vagari vacho vakawedzera, uye zvizvarwa zvemo vokuAlgeria vakava varanda vavo. Pose apo vaAlgeria vaimukira kumukira, vaidzvinyirirwa noutsinye.
Hurumende yeFrance yakanzwa hukama hwakakosha nenharaunda yeAlgeria, ndokuzoizivisa sechikamu cheFrance. Izvi zvakasiyanisa Algeria kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakatorwa neFrance, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakatorwa nemamwe masimba eEurope. Yakanga iri munzira iyo United States inoti Puerto Rico, mushure mekuitora kubva kuSpanish muna 1898.
Zvizvarwa zvemuAlgerian — ruzhinji rwakaumbwa nemusanganiswa wakakura wevanhu vemuAfrica kusanganisira maArabu nemaBerbers — vaive nemaonero akasiyana, hongu. Vakaita zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisimba uye zvisiri zvechisimba kuramba kudzvinyirirwa kwekoloni kwemakumi emakore akawanda eFrance colonization. Mafomu ekupikisa haana kukosha kuhurumende yeFrance uye pied-noir administrations. Kuramba kwakarambidzwa.
Musi waMay 8, 1945, zviremera zveFrance zvakauraya vanhu vakawanda muSétif, Guelma, uye Kherrata, zvichinangana nezviuru zvevanhu vokuAlgeria vakanga vasina zvombo.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura Hondo Yenyika II, hondo umo France yakanga yatorwa neNazi Germany, vanhu veAlgeria vakamukira. Musi waMay 8, 1945, zviremera zveFrance zvakauraya vanhu vakawanda mumaguta okuAlgeria eSétif, Guelma, neKherrata, zvichinangana nezviuru zvevanhu vokuAlgeria vakanga vasina zvombo. Pakazosvika 1954, bato remubatanidzwa wekuzvitonga weAlgeria - FLN - rakasarudza kuenda kuhondo yezvombo senzira chete yekuwana rusununguko rwakakwana kubva kuFrance uye kubviswa kwehutongi hwevatorwa.
Kana vakadzvinyirirwa vakaiswa mujeri, vachitambudzwa, uye vakapondwa mumasettler-colonial systems, vadzvinyiriri vanobata izvi neimwe yenzira dzinoverengeka. Panogona kuramba zvachose, semuenzaniso, "Kwete, hatingambove…." Zviitiko zvacho zvinogona kutsanangurirwa kure, semuenzaniso, "Taifanira kutora matanho aya nekuti vagari veko vaive vasingachadzoreki." Zviito zvemudzvinyiriri zvinogona kutorwa setsaona kana sechibatiso chokukuvadza, semuenzaniso, “Tanga tisingade kupfura vana ivavo pamahombekombe; taifunga kuti magandanga.” Zviitiko zvinogonawo kufuratirwa, pasina tsananguro yakambopihwa.
Pane imwezve mhinduro kubva kuboka revadzvinyiriri rinopfuura rimwe nerimwe, rinogona kupfupikiswa sekuti, “Saka chii? Zvinhu zvinoitika." Nemamwe mashoko, hupenyu hwevanonzi zvizvarwa zvemo, vangave verudzi, nyika, kana kudzvinyirirwa nekoloni, hahuenzaniswi nehupenyu uye zvakaitika zvevadzvinyiriri. Kutambura kunowira mudzvinyiriri kunogara kuchibatwa seyemhando yakakosha kukosha kupfuura chero chinhu chinoitika kune vanodzvinyirirwa, zvirinani maererano nemugari / koloni.
Iyo yekugara/ukoloni hwaro hwaive panjodzi muKumukira kweAlgeria, sezvazviri mubato rega rega rerusununguko. Muunhu hwakaora hwegadziriro yakadaro, kusvika papi papi vanodzvinyirirwa vanogona kunzwisiswa sevanhu, kusiyana nekusazivikanwa kwevatema, shava, kana yero? Zvikumbiro zvavo zverusununguko zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kusvika papi sezvido zvekusununguka pane kungochema kusinganzwisisike kwekutambura?
Mushure mekuita kwakawanda kwehutsinye kune vepied-noirs uye/kana zviremera zveFrance, FLN yakafunga kutsiva.
Iyo Algerian Revolution yakasangana nedambudziko iri pamatanho akawanda. Mushure mekuita kwakawanda kwehutsinye kune chikamu che pieds-noirs uye/kana zviremera zveFrance, kusanganisira asi zvisingagumire pakurwiswa kwehugandanga kunonyadzisa kurwisa vagari vemuAlgeria pied-noir boka rinozivikanwa seUltras, iyo FLN yakasarudza kutsiva. Maonero avo aive ekuti kurwiswa kwakadai kwevaAlgeria kwaizoenderera uye pasi rose hapana chaizonzwa uye hapana chaachaita kusvikira uye kunze kwekunge vagari vemo vatambura saizvozvo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Drif nevamwe vakaita sarudzo yakashata yekuisa mabhomba kupi pied-noir vanhuwo zvavo vakaungana.
Panguva iyoyo mubhuku ndipo pandakambomira. Ndaifanira kufunga pamusoro pezvaizoitika. Ndagara ndiri mumwe munhu ainzwa zvakasimba kuti vanhuwo zvavo havafanire kumbove chipfuro chemauto. Bva, pano pakanga pane rimwe ramasangano makurusa orusununguko orudzi rwezana ramakore rechi20, uye vakaita chisarudzo chakasiana zvikuru.
Ndakazviona ndichifunga nezve maNative America/ maIndia ekuAmerica avo, muhondo dzavo nevachena vari kuwedzera vagari vekuNorth America, vakapinda muhondo iyo dzimwe nguva yaisanganisira kupamba uye/kana kuuraya vachena vanogara. Vakafuratira kumadziro, paive neimwe sarudzo here? Apo vagari vechichena, vangave vehondo kana kuti varwi, vakauraya vanhu vomunyika yacho, izvo vaizotaura gare gare sokukunda kwechiuto—kupondwa kwaiwanzopembererwa nevachena—vanhu vomunyika iyi vakanga vaine zvavaisarudza here?
Mabhomba eFLN akazunungusa vagari vemuAlgeria nenzira dzavaive vasina kumbotarisira kuti vangazungunuswa. Hondo yerusununguko yenyika yakanga zvino yave chinhu chaicho chakasvika pedyo zvikuru nemusha. Vagari vakanga vasisina kuchengeteka. Uye ivo zvamazvirokwazvo vakanga vasisinazve umbozha—kana vakambova—hwokuramba vasina kwavakarerekera, sezvo, kupfurikidza nokuvapo kwavo kumene, vakanga vachisimbisa maruramiro avo enyika, nokudzora vanhu, veAlgeria.
Zviito zvemauto neFLN muAlgeria yose zvakabatsira mukukunda kwekupedzisira asi, semufirimu Hondo yeAlgiers zvinoratidzwa pakupedzisira, zvaive zviito zvevazhinji zvevaAgeria zvizvarwa zvenyika yese zvakaita kuti Algeria yekoloni isatongeke. Pakupedzisira, muna 1962, kumufaro woruzhinji rwenyika, Algeria yakawana rusununguko.
Zvakadaro kusawirirana kwehunhu/kwezvematongerwo enyika kuri musarudzo yekurova zvainangwa nevanhuwo zvavo hakuna kugadziriswa, kunyange hazvo nhengo dzeFLN dzaiita sedzakasununguka kuti dzakanga dzaita sarudzo chaiyo. Drif anotenda kuti sarudzo yaive yechokwadi uye kuti isavhiringika nemhirizhonga yejihadist yatakaona munguva pfupi yapfuura pasirese.
Kurwira rusununguko kunowana sei ngwariro yenyika? Inonongedzera sei kuboka revadzvinyiriri, vangava vagari vemo kana kuti vangoriwo zvavo, kuti hapagoni kuva netsika? Uye, zvinonetsa zvikuru, rini izvo zvinonzi vagari vemo vanova kwete chete chishandiso chehurumende inodzvinyirira asi chombo chaicho uye chakakosha chekutonga?
Iyo FLN yakaona zviito zvavo semhirizhonga yekutsiva, uye vagari vemo sechikamu chemuvengi. Mhedziso iyi inoita seisina musoro kana kuti isina musoro.
VeFLN vakaona kuita kwavo semhirizhonga yekutsiva. Asi vakaonawo vagari vemo sechikamu chemuvengi. Mhedziso iyi inoita seisina musoro kana kuti isina musoro. Ruzhinji rwakawanda rwe pieds-noirs vaitenda mune yavakadana kuti "Algérie Française." Kanopfuura kamwechete vagari vemo vakaswedera pedyo nekugadzira hondo yevagari vemo mukati meFrance, kusanganisira kuburikidza nekugadzwa kwesangano rine mukurumbira we crypto-fascist, OAS (muChirungu, Secret Army Organization), kuitira kuchengetedza zvachose Algeria kuFrance.
Zvakadaro mukurwisa vanhuwo zvavo, matambudziko eFLN aisangosanganisira chete matambudziko ehunhu anounzwa nekurwiswa kwakadaro asiwo mhinduro yemafungiro enyika uye nhaka yavaizova nayo kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera. Kunyangwe iyo nzvimbo yeruzhinji yeFLN inogona kunge yakatsigira kurova vavariro senzira yekutsiva kurwadzisa nyika uye. pied-noir hugandanga, chokwadi ndechekuti dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzaisabvumirana kana kusanzwisisa. Nezvekune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, idzi dzaive masangano ehurumende aive asina kubatanidzwa muhondo uye, naizvozvo, aifanira kunge akaonekwa seasina miganhu.
Hondo yekurwisa hutongi hwevagadziri ihondo yakasarudzika nekuti vagari, kazhinji, chikamu chisina pamutemo cheuto rekugara. Mupfungwa iyi, the pieds-noirs vaisambove vanhu vasina kwavakarerekera vevanhu vaifanira kuita sarudzo pakati pemativi maviri (sezvinoita vanhu vese panguva yehondo). Zvirokwazvo vagari vega vega vakaita sarudzo, kusanganisira vashoma vevagari vakasarudza kunyoresa neFLN. (Frantz Fanon, anobva kuMartinique asi gamba reChimurenga cheAlgeria, akapa chitsauko mubhuku rake. Kufa Kweukoloni kuvashoma veEurope ndokutaura pfungwa yokuti vakanga vasiri boka rimwe chetero.) Izvozvo zvakati, kuwanda kwevagari vemo munyika yakadzorwa kunomiririra chiito chechisimba, kupinda nechisimba.
Vagari vanonyatsoziva izvi, kana vasingazivi, ndicho chikonzero vanoedza zvakaoma kutaura kana kuti ngano kuti pakanga pasina munhu panyika vasati vasvika, semungano dzevatorwa muSouth Africa, Israel (“nyika isina vanhu. kuvanhu vasina nyika”), uye United States. Kubvuma kuti kwaive nevanhu vaivepo, kunyangwe chikonzero chiri chekuti huwandu hwevanhu "hwaive hwechinyakare," hunomutsa mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pekuti sei uye nei nyika yakatorwa. Icho chokwadi chekuti nyika dzevanogara-chikoloni dzinowanzoenda mberi nekuona kuti vagari vemo vane zvombo, vane kudzidziswa kwechiuto, uye vanogona kugara vachinyoreswa mumabasa echiuto nehurumende yevanogara-koloni ingori icing pakeke ratove nehuturu.
Munzvimbo dzekugara vagari vanokwanisa kuwana zvombo, nepo kune vagari vemo zvinorambidzwa. Vagari vemo vane ropafadzo yorudzi kana kuti yenyika inoparadzanisa kuvapo kwavo nekwavagari vemo, mungava muchimiro chedzimba, kuwana mvura, zvokushandisa, rusununguko rwokufamba, kana kuti dzidzo. Mugari ari kurarama hupenyu hwakasiyana zvachose nehwemuzvarirwo, uye kuedza kwevanhu veko kuti vasimbise hunhu hwavo uye kuda kunyange modicum yekuenzana kunoonekwa sekutyisidzira ropafadzo yekugara. Vagari, seboka, havambozvioni sevanopindirana nezvido zvevagari vemo asi kuti vanorwa kuti varatidze ropafadzo yavo yevagari venzvimbo, vachitosvika pakuzviti "venyika," kusvika pakuda kuti nyika yevagari vemo irambe iri mugari. -inodzorwa kuumbwa, zvisinei nekuti iyo nyika inogona kuchinja sei mune zviri pamutemo.
Kune avo vasingabatanidzwe zvakananga mukurwisana nehurumende yevagari vemo, mugari wevagari vemo haanzwisiswi sekuwedzera kwemidziyo yehudzvanyiriri yehutongi huri kutonga asi semunhuwo zvake uye, akadaro, asiri murwi. Iko kunetsana kunoonekwa sekuve kwepamutemo pakati pemidziyo yemugari, kune rumwe rutivi, nesangano (ma) echizvarwa, kune rimwe divi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, mugari wevanhu anogara achionekwa seasina kwaakarerekera anongoda kugara zvakanaka uye kusiiwa ega.
Kunyange zvazvo mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ari emanyepo pachiso chayo, ndizvo zvinowanzotendwa uye, munhau dzekuMadokero, zvinogara zvichiratidzwa. Vanodzvinyirirwa havapiwi “mvumo” ipi neipi yokutsiva utsinye—kazhinji kazhinji kwete kunyange kumauto euto ravapambi—apo kurwisa kupi nokupi kunoitwa namauto ane zvombo omudzvinyiriri kuchirangarirwa sezviito zviri pamutemo zvokuzvidzivirira.
Zviito zveFLN zvainzwisiswa munhoroondo asi zvine zvematongerwo enyika, pfungwa inofanirwa kuratidzwa mukurwisana kwakafanana uye kunoenda kunhaka yeChimurenga cheAlgeria. Matambudziko erusununguko haamboitike ari ega, uye haambosanganisi mativi maviri chete. Akatenderedza mhirizhonga chero ipi zvayo "asingaoneki" masimba anodyidzana uye anopesvedzera mapato ari muhondo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mauto akadai anoshanda zvakanyanya, semuenzaniso kugadzwa kweUS rutsigiro rwekuenderera mberi kweIsrael colonization yePalestine. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pakutanga vangave vasina kwavakarerekera asi vozosvika pakubatanidzwa, semuenzaniso, USSR muKumukira kweAlgeria (pakutanga kwavakarerekera asi gare gare vachitsigira kurwira rusununguko rwenyika). Zviitwa zvemamwe mapato zvinogona kupesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana, zvinosanganisira asi zvisingaganhurirwe kurudzi rwekurwa chaiko.
Kunyangwe bato rinopesana nevagari vemo rinogona kukakavara zviri pamutemo kuti vagari vemo vanobatanidzwa mukudzvinyirirwa, mune yega yega bato rinofanirwa kuona mhedzisiro yekuona zvinangwa. Semuyenzaniso, chii chichava mhedzisiro kune vangangobatana - kusanganisira kwete dzimwe hurumende chete asi masangano ekubatana kunze kwenyika - kana vanhuwo zvavo vachinangwa? Vangango tsigirana navo vachaziva kodzero yepamutemo yekutsiva here, kana kuti vachatarisa zvinhu zvakadai sehugandanga?
Munguva yezvinonzi Matambudziko muNorthern Ireland kubva mukupera kwema1960 kusvika pakati pema1990, Irish Republican Army yaiwanzotora marwadzo makuru kusiyanisa zvinangwa zvakaoma (mauto kana hurumende zvinonangwa) kubva kune zvakapfava (vanhuwo zvavo). Ikoku hakuna kureva kuti vanhuwo zvavo vakanga vasingaurawi—pakanga pane dzimwe nzira dzinotyisa kumutemo uyu—asi panzvimbo pezvo kuti ivo kazhinji kazhinji vakanga vasiri vavariro dzebasa rehondo. Izvi, zvechokwadi, zvakasiyanisa IRA kubva kumasangano akavimbika emapurisa, ayo aizvidza chinangwa chakapfava / chakaomarara chinangwa uye vaive vakasununguka kurwisa vagari vemunyika / vechiKatorike. Maitiro akadai akaita kuti zviomere maBritish kubudirira kuratidza IRA semagandanga, kunyangwe vezvenhau vekuBritain vakashanda nguva yakawandisa vachitsigira hurumende yeLondon panyaya iyi.
Muenzaniso weIreland unoratidzawo rimwezve dambudziko. Mukati meMatambudziko, vaBritain vaigadza mauto munzvimbo kana kuti pedyo nenzvimbo dzavanhuwo zvavo, izvo zvandakaona zvakananga muna 1988, mukati meshanyo kuNorthern Ireland. Izvi zvaireva kuti kana IRA yaizoita kurwisa kwemauto pakugadzwa kweBritish, paive nemukana wakanaka wekuti vanhuwo zvavo vaurawe kana kukuvadzwa, uye maBritish aigona kutsanangura kurwiswa uku sechiito che "hugandanga." Idi rekuti maBritish akagadzira mamiriro ezvinhu aya aiwanzoshaikwa nevezvenhau.
Munguva yekurwisa rusaruraganda muSouth Africa, African National Congress yakatora maitiro akafanana ekuita zvechiuto. Mutemo wekutanga waive wekuti vanhuwo zvavo vaisafanirwa kunangwa, kunyangwe paigara paine kuzivikanwa kuti vanhuwo zvavo vanogona kuurayiwa kana kukuvadzwa nekuda kwekurwiswa kwemauto kana hurumende.
Dambudziko guru mukurwira kubvisa hukoloni uye masangano erusununguko achipesana nehutongi hwevatorwa nderekuti matambudziko evanodzvinyirirwa anenge asina kumbopihwa kuenzana kwemazuva ano neaya emudzvanyiriri. Nekune rumwe rutivi, kana zvichionekwa zvichidzokororwa, zviito zveboka rakadzvinyirirwa kana kuti “vakarurama”, kusanganisira kurwisana nevanhuwo zvavo, kazhinji kazhinji zvinogamuchira mwero wakati wokuva pamutemo.
Saka, mubvunzo wemushandirapamwe weFLN muAlgiers unofanirwa kutariswa mumamiriro ekuma1950. Ndedzipi dzaive fungidziro dzetsika, uye kusvika papi kunangana nevagari vemo kwaizokuvadza chikonzero chekusunungurwa kweAlgeria? Zvingamira sei maFrench uye/kana pieds-noirs kubva kune humwe hutsinye hwakaitirwa maAlgerian? Uye, chii chingave chiri kuitika kuAlgeria Revolution pachayo yekubvumidza kurwiswa kwezvinangwa zvevanhu?
Panguva imwecheteyo yenhoroondo, veVietnamese vakasiya vakaita sarudzo yakasiyana. Muhondo mbiri dzekurwisa maFrance uye, gare gare, hondo yekurwisa hutongi hwezvidhori hweUS, iyo Vietminh, uye gare gare National Liberation Front neVietnamese People's Army - mukuenzanisa nemidziyo yehutongi hwavakarwa - vakashanda kusiyanisa pakati. zvinangwa zvakaoma uye zvinyoro zvinyoro, kwete nguva dzose zvinobudirira. Maitiro avo akave nemhedzisiro yakakura pamabatirwo akaitwa hondo yerusununguko rweVietnamese pasi rose.
FLN yeAlgeria yakahwina uye Algeria yakasununguka. Mubvunzo wakatanhamara, kunze kweumwe wehunhu, ndewezve, wenhaka uye, kunyanya, mhedziso dzakasvika nemamwe mafambiro erusununguko rwenyika. Paive nematambudziko chaiwo here muChimurenga cheAlgeria—mukuenzanisa nemamwe masangano anopesana neukoloni uye anopesana nevagari vemo—izvo zvakaita kuti kutendeukire kukuuraya vanhuwo zvavo?
Mamwe mafambiro mumamiriro ezvinhu akafanana akaita sarudzo dzakasiyana kwazvo. Iyi haisi nyaya yekupa mutongo, asi kuongorora. Kuuraiwa kwevanhuwo zvavo muhondo yekurwisa koloni yeAlgeria kwakabvumira here, mupfungwa dzeavo vakazove maJihadist makore gare gare, kusajeka kwemitsara pakati pezvinangwa zvakaoma uye zvakapfava? Zvakatungamirira vamwe kugumisa kuti kupfurikidza nokutyisidzira vanhu vangamanikidzira vanhu ivavo kuita zvisarudzo zvakati here?
Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzinovhurwa naZohra Drif kuti dzitariswe mune yake yakakosha memoir. Muzviito zvake semurwi, Drif anokanda parutivi rudo rwechimurenga. Mumwe haafaniri kubvumirana nemhedziso yake kuitira kuti atende kushinga kwake uye kwevamwe shamwari dzake muFLN, avo vakarwa izvo vanhu vakawanda vaifungidzira pakutanga kwehondo sehondo isingakundiki yerusununguko rwenyika.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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tinotenda Bill, mumwe wevatori vechikamu vekuAlgeria mune zvese zviri zviviri bhaisikopo nerevolution paakabvunzwa, anopfuura makore makumi mana mushure mekukunda, nezvekushandisa mhirizhonga kuvanhu, akatanga nekuchema. Akabva ati, “Apo vanhu vanomanikidzwa kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu ehero, dzimwe nguva vanozoita semadhimoni. Tingave takaita semadhimoni, asi hatina kusika mamiriro ezvinhu ehero.” rugare