Kuva nehurongwa hwekuongorora kuti tinzwisise hukama hunokosha hunotsanangura mamiriro emagariro evanhu uye hondo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzatinosangana nadzo dzinogona kutitungamirira mukugadzira hurongwa hwedu nemaitiro pamatanho ose-kubva munharaunda kusvika pasi rose.
Tingaziva sei kuti ndeapi mapoka makuru nemakakatanwa enzanga ari munyika yanhasi? Tinoziva kuti kune matambudziko akawanda munyika dzese, uye pakati penyika. Asi ndehupi hukama hwakakosha hunotsanangura mamiriro emagariro uye hondo dzezvematongerwo enyika dzatinosangana nadzo? Pano tinoda analytical framework kuti tinzwisise mashandiro ecapitalism, kutitungamirira mukugadzira zano nemaitiro edu. Vazhinji vesocialist vakashandisa pfungwa ye "kupokana." Izvi zvinopa mauto maviri makuru anopikisana akadai seboka revashandi uye boka re capitalist, kana Russia neUkraine; inotibvumira kutsvaga nekunzwisisa kurwisana kwakakosha uye mapoka anokwikwidzana, marudzi, kana mapoka evanhu.
Asi kupesana kunotora nzira dzakasiyana munyika dzakasiyana pasi pemamiriro akasiyana. Uye dzimwe nguva kune yekutanga kupokana kwepasirese sehondo yenyika. Pasi pekutanga kana kupesana kukuru kune zvechipiri zvinhu zvinoonekwa muhukama hwakaoma pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzekudzvanyirira uye kushandiswa. Muchinyorwa chipfupi chinotevera, isu tichaedza kuburitsa mana ekutanga (kana makuru) kupokana kuripo munyika dzepasirese, zvichionekwa mukati menyika yavo, inotamba zvakasiyana munyika imwe neimwe.
Zvakatorwa pamwechete, zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa nhoroondo yekubatana yatinosangana nayo, uye kuona mabasa makuru ekusimudzira kurwira kururamisira nesocialism. Achangobva kusiya theorist Vijay Prashad akataura zvaakadaidza "Zvisere zvinopesana zveImperialist 'Mitemo-Yakavakirwa Kurongeka'" (2023). Prashad akacherekedza akawanda emakakatanwa uye mafashama anotarisana nevanhu. Kunyange zvazvo tichibvumirana nenhamburiko yacho, chaizvoizvo akarondedzera zvinetso zvikuru zvisere asi akakundikana kuziva kuti kupesana kupi kunoshanda chaizvoizvo basa guru munyika yanhasi. Sezvo mupiro waVijay wanga uri rondedzero pfupi, mhinduro yedu zvakare ipfupi, uye ndinovimba danho rekutanga muhurukuro inodiwa uye ine zvibereko.
Muzvinotevera tinotsvaka kuona kupokana kuna kwepasi rose kuri kuumba kubatana kwepuraneti. Kupokana kwega kwega kune kana kuti kunogona kuve nechikamu chidiki chakakodzera kucherechedzwa, asi chikamu chidiki ichocho chiri kushanda mukati mechirevo chekupokana chaiko.
- Transnational capital yakashandura hukama hwekugadzira pakati pevashandi nemari zvichibva pamhando nyowani dzekugadzirwa kwepasirese uye mari. Naizvozvo, kupokana pakati peboka revashandi neboka re capitalist kunoratidzwa kuburikidza nesangano repasi rose capitalism. Shanduko idzi dzakagadzirwa neboka renyika dzepasi rose uye dzakaitwa kuburikidza neoliberal marongero aisanganisira kurwiswa kwekondirakiti yemagariro uye mibatanidzwa, hupfumi, hupfumi, kutyaira kwakanaka, kuderedzwa mumitero yemakambani, uye hombe dzemahombekombe emahombekombe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, urombo, kusachengeteka uye precariatization zvakakura, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kwakanyanya kwezvematongerwo enyika. Mhedzisiro yanga iri kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kudiwa kwekuwanazve pamutemo yekutonga kwecapitalist. Mhedzisiro yave ichiwedzera kupokana kwekirasi nemataurirwo akati wandei.Mazano akasiyana akabuda pakati pemapoka maviri anokwikwidza eboka rekutonga, imwe ichiva authoritarian neo-fascist capitalism, imwe yeNeo-Keynesian bloc ine zano rehupfumi mune yakasvibira yekuvandudza nzira. yekugadzira. Hatisi kutaura nezvematunhu, asi kuti anotonga ekirasi masimba blocs achitsvaga hegemony, uye mukukwikwidzana mukati mematunhu. Mabhuroka akadaro anobatana akatenderedza pfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika uye yehupfumi modhi yekuunganidza. Asi zvakare haana kubatanidzwa sepasi rose hegemonic bloc. Ose ari maviri ane musanganiswa wepasi rose uye maitiro erudzi, uye mamwe anosanganisa hutongi hwezvido neKeynesian. Kunyange zvazvo kuoma kwenyika imwe neimwe kuchida kunyatsotariswa, tinotenda kuti nzira yepasi rose yebudiriro yabuda.Kune kukura kuri kuita radicalization mukati meboka revashandi nepakati. Imwe mhinduro iri kukura kurudyi-bapiro renyika, rusaruraganda, misogyny, heterosexism, xenophobia, uye dzimwe nguva kure-kurudyi kwechitendero kunyanyisa, kunoratidzwa mukuunganidza reactionary populism. Yechipiri ndeyekusara uye kufambira mberi kwekugadzirisa mhinduro inoratidzwa mukukura kwemauto emagariro evanhu uye kusarudzwa kwesarudzo.Pakupedzisira kune kupesana kwegeopolitical kunowedzera kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kwehupfumi nemagariro evanhu pasi rose. Iko kudiwa kwekunyoreswa kwehurumende uye kubuda kwedambudziko kwakonzera kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika nezvematongerwo enyika pakati penyika, pamwe nekunetsana pakati penyika dzemacapitalist nevakuru vehurumende.
- Kupokana pakati pecapitalism nemasikirwo, kunoratidzwa kuburikidza nematambudziko akawanda anosanganisira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze epasi rose, kutemwa kwemasango, kutsakatika kwezvipenyu, kusvibiswa kukuru kwehupfu, extractivism, uye nekukasira kuswedera kwezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwesangano repasi rose rezvakatipoteredza rine hwaro hukuru pakati pevechidiki nevechivanhu, pamwe nechikamu cheboka rinotonga rakatsaurirwa kusvibira kwenzira dzekugadzira kuburikidza nenzira dzemusika. Pane kupokana pakati pemafambisirwo emagariro evanhu nevechimanjemanje bourgeoise, pamwe nepakati peaya masimba nemacapitalist mapato anodzivirira fossil mafuta uye anopikisa kufambira mberi pamitemo yezvakatipoteredza nemitemo.
- Kupokana kuri pakati pemasimba evakuru/vakuru vevarume vachipikisana nemafambiro evakadzi vanosununguka uye kufamba kwevanhu vasingaenderane nevanhukadzi, zvinoratidzwa mukupikisa rusununguko rwevakadzi uye kukunda kwemapoka eLGBTQ+. Mamwe emashoko anopokana anosanganisira kurwiswa kwekodzero dzekubereka muUS, uye mitemo inodzvinyirira inotevedzwa nehurumende yeTaliban neIran. Panguva imwecheteyo, tinoona kusimuka kwekupokana mukati meUS, bato reIran revakadzi, reKurdish revolutionary movement muSyria, pamwe nevamwe vakawanda.
- Kupokana pakati pemasimba epasi rose nevetransnational capitalist vachipikisa vanhu vepasirekare vaishorwa kare vaimbova nyika yeukoloni uye semi-colonial. Danho rekurwisana neukoloni rehondo umo vaimbove mabhunu emunyika vakarwa kuti vatsive hurongwa hwemakoloni, uye vakabatana neruzhinji rwevanhu, rwakapfuura. Mabhunu ari kutonga mune yaimbove nyika dzeukoloni uye semi-colonial havachisiri mubatsiri ane hunyanzvi mukurwisa hupfumi hwenyika. Pane kudaro, mabhunu ari kutonga muGlobal South anokwikwidzana nekudyidzana netransnational capitalism kuti ave nemugove mukuru wemari nemisika, uye kutaura kukuru mumasangano ekutonga epasi rose. Vane simba uye vakapfuma zvakanyanya ivo pachavo chikamu che transnational capitalist class. Vanoshandisa zviwanikwa zvenyika uye vashandi kuti vabatsirike uye kuti vabatsirike kune vavanodyidzana navo kune dzimwe nyika. Kupokana kwavo kwemakwikwi kwakanangana nekuwedzera kudzika midzi muhupfumi hwenyika. Naizvozvo, mubvunzo wenyika unoramba uripo, asi wakasiyana neiyo yenyika pre-1970.
Kupfuura makwikwi emukati mecapitalist, kupokana kuri pakati pemacapitalist epasirese nemakirasi anoshanda uye ruzhinji rwakakurumbira rweGlobal South kunoratidza kuburikidza nehondo kuchengetedza nekuwedzera democracy kuburikidza nekupikisa hudzvinyiriri, hutsinye, kusarongeka kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kurwa kunoshingaira. nokuti kutonga kwesimba mukati mecapitalist system. Aya mafambiro anoshandira shanduko yezvimiro, asi haasati ari mafambiro ekuchinja kuzere kwemagariro uye ekushanda-class simba rehurumende. Mafambiro aya, kunyangwe akanangana nechaunga chakakurumbira, anogona kusanganisira mapetit-bourgeoise, zvikamu zvevadiki venyika bourgeoisie, uye patriotic state elites. Iyo Pink Tide mafambiro muLatin America ndiyo yakanakisa muenzaniso.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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