Kunobva: The Intercept
Last Wednesday, vanopfuura mazana matatu varatidziri paCOP300 muMadrid - hurukuro dzemamiriro ekunze dzeUN dzegore rino dzemazuva gumi nemana, dzakarebesa muboka iri - dzakatariswa kubva muchivanze chenzvimbo yemusangano sezvo madziro esimbi akasimuka achiita seasingapo. kuvharira vaongorori vemasangano akazvimirira kunze kwaitonhora. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, vamwe vaive vatorerwa mabheji avo ekupinda nevarindi veUN mumhirizhonga kunze kwehoro huru vasati vavharirwa. Chengetedzo yakavadzivisa kutaura kunyange kumapepanhau; vese vacherechedzi vemasangano everuzhinji vanga varambidzwa kupinda mumusangano. Nekusvika panzvimbo iyi zvino kwavharwa, varatidziri vakafora vachibuda pamusuwo wekuseri, uko vakakwaziswa nemapurisa eSpain.
Kuratidzira uku kwanga kwakanangana nekusheedzera kushomeka kwechishuwo kwakawanda kubva kune mamwe makuru epasi-anoteya magreenhouse gasi, achidana nyika dziri "kuchamhembe kwepasirese" kuti dzipe rutsigiro mukuderedza mamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa, uye kupora, pamwe nemitero. maburi ayo aizopa vanosvibisa nzira yekubuda nayo kuti vaenderere mberi nebhizimisi senguva dzose. Zviziviso zvevaratidziri zvakadzoserwa maawa mashoma gare gare, asi hurukuro dzakanga dzaita zvishoma kugadzirisa zvaivanetsa. NeMugovera masikati - mazuva maviri mushure mekunge hurukuro dzapera - pakanga pasina kubvumirana kuti chii chaizobuda padziri. "Hapana nyaya yakagadziriswa zvachose," Harjeet Singh, anotungamira basa remamiriro ekunze pasi rose reActionAid, akandiudza. Pakapera dare rekuvhara zuva raitevera, nyaya huru zhinji dzaive dzaiswa kumisangano yaizouya. Kunyangwe Munyori Mukuru weUN, Antรณnio Guterres akarondedzerwa kusagutsikana kwake pa Twitter.
"Hapana mubvunzo: nyika dzakapfuma dzanga dzichivharira kufambira mberi," akadaro Singh.
Pamberi pacho, hapana zvakawanda zvachinja mumakore gumi apfuura. Muna 2009, nhaurirano dzezvemamiriro ekunze kuCopenhagen dzakaparara apo boka diki renyika dzine hupfumi hwakawanda rakakurumidza kuunganidza gwaro rine mapeji matatu iro nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzaida kuti paitwe sarudzo pasina nguva yekukakavadzana. Boka rokupedzisira rakaramba.
Panguva ino kutenderedza, kiyi yekunamatira yaive pamusoro pekuti yakawanda sei iyo U.S., sepasirese chikuru chenhoroondo emitter yemafuta ezvicherwa, inokwereta kune dzimwe nyika, painogadzirira kusiya Chibvumirano cheParis. Nyika zhinji dziri mu "global south" dzichada rubatsiro rwemari nehunyanzvi kuitira kuti dzisangovandudza hupfumi hwakashomeka uye hunosimba asi kuti vagadzirise mamiriro ekunze ari kutoitika uye anogona kukurumidza, izvo zvinopokana nevakawanda kuti zvinofanirwa kuuya kubva kumarudzi akapfuma. . Asi iyo U.S. inobvumirana here? Kwete zvakanyanya.
Panyaya muMadrid uye mukuratidzira kwakamutsa kuvharirwa kunze kweChitatu chapfuura ndeye nyika dzakapfuma kubvisa mutoro wenhoroondo, zvese nekuda kwekukanganisa kuri kuita pasi uye nebasa rayo rakakosha mukuchengetedza kuti zvinhu zvisanyanya kuipa. Chibvumirano cheU.N. Framework on Climate Change, icho chinotonga zviri pamutemo Chibvumirano cheParis, chakajeka pamusoro peโbasa rinowanzoitwa asi rakasiyanaโ rinoitwa nemapato akasainwa kwachiri. Nyika dzakapfuma, ndiko kuti, dzakavaka hupfumi hwadzo muchikamu chikuru kuburikidza nekupisa kwehuni. Iyi budiriro yakaitwawo nekushandiswa kwevhu, vashandi, uye zviwanikwa kubva kune nhasi "pasi rose rezasi" rakasimukira, kusanganisira gumi nembiri dzaimbova nyika dzevakoloni.
Kana ukandikumbira kuti ndikwire gomo uye ndisina mhasuru dzekudaro, uri kubvunza zvisingaite, "Ambassador wePalestine Amman Hijazi akadaro.
Nehutsinye, inzvimbo dziya dziri kutove nenyundo nemhedzisiro yekuvandudzwa kwefossil mu "global north"; Vatsigiri vezvekuenzanirana kwemamiriro ekunze vanoti hupfumi hwakakura hwakabatsirwa kubva munhoroondo dzakaita seukoloniyasi uye huranda hunokwanisa kushandura nekukurumidza, uye hunofanirwa kubvumira nyika nevanhu vagara vachishandisa nguva uye kugona kubata. Mukutonga kweDemocratic neRepublican, chikwata cheUnited States che basa State Department negotiators vapedza makore vachitsvaga hurongwa hwekuda chinzvimbo chemamiriro ekunze, vachiuya zvakanyanya kubva ku "global south" nyika dzatosangana nedambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Mari yemamiriro ekunze, kunyanya, yanga iri bรชte noire yavo.
"Zviripachena kuti iyi idhiri rakashata nekuda kwekuvharirwa kweUS nedzimwe nyika dzeGlobal North," anodaro Sriram Madhusoodanan, mutevedzeri wemukuru wesangano revarindi reCorporate Accountability International. "Muhurukuro idzi dzese vanga vachibatidza imba nemoto sezvavanoronga kubuda pamusiwo," vachireva chitsidzo chaDonald Trump chekusiya zviri pamutemo Chibvumirano cheParis kana achinge akwanisa kuita gore rinouya.
Ndiani Achatakura Huremu?
Mazuva mashoma hurukuro dzisati dzatanga, mushumo kubva kune U.N. Environment Programme yakacherekedza musiyano uripo pakati pezvisungo zviripo pasi pechibvumirano cheParis ("Intended Nationally Determined Contributions," kana INDCs) uye zvazvichatora kuti ugare mukati me "pasi pe2 madhigirii" Celsius pachikumbaridzo chekudziya vanosaina vakazvipira. MaINDC aripo achapfura tembiricha kumusoro ne3.3 madhigirii, zvichisiya maguta makuru emahombekombe nedzimwe nyika pasi pemvura uye kudonha kwegoho pasi rose. Kuti udzoke pagwara remadhigirii 1.5, pazvido kubva ku "pasirese kumaodzanyemba," kuburitswa kwepasi rose kunofanirwa kudzikira ne7.6 muzana gore rega rega pakati pa2020 na2030, kakapetwa ka150 kudarika kudonha kukuru kumwe chete munhoroondo yenyika: kudonha kweSoviet. Union. Makore ose. Kwemakore gumi. "Zvakajairwa asi zvakasiyaniswa" - maererano neUNFCCC - yagara ichidudzirwa kureva kuti mutoro uyu unofanirwa kugovaniswa zvakaenzana.
"Iwe haugone kunyatso funga nezve kurongeka uye kuenzana sechimwe chinangwa chingave chakanaka kuyedza uye kudzvanya mukati kana tichikwanisa isu tichibata nenjodzi iyi inopenga. Icho chinhu chatinofanira kubata nacho kana tichida kuva netariro yekubata nemamiriro ekunze ekukurumidzira, "anodaro Sivan Kartha, musayendisiti mukuru pahofisi yeStockholm Environment Institute's U.S. "Pakupera kwezuva, idambudziko repasi rose rinoda kushandira pamwe kwenguva refu munyika dzakasiyana siyana nevanhu maererano nekubatsira kwavo kudambudziko uye kugona kwavo kugadzirisa dambudziko. Nzira chete yaunokwanisa kutsigira nayo rudzi urwu rwekubatana kana vanhu vachinzwa senge zvakanaka. "
Kusvika iye zvino, vazhinji havadaro. IU.S., kazhinji iri mumubatanidzwa nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, yakaedza kwenguva refu kumisa nhaurirano pamusoro pekuti imarii inokweretwa kuโnyika yekumaodzanyemba.โ Pamwe chete nedzvinyiriro yeindasitiri pamusoro pevamiriri vemitemo muCongress, gakava iroro rakava chinhu chikuru mukuramba kwayo kushandisa Kyoto Protocol muna 2001. Chibvumirano ichocho (chichiripo) chakagadzira hurongwa hwakagadzira, nyika dzine carbon-intensive (inonziwo "Annex I" nyika) vaipomerwa mhosva yekuderedza kuburitsa. Pasi pechirongwa chitsva che โpasi-kumusoroโ chakavakwa neChibvumirano cheParis, nyika dzese dzinofanirwa kuita maINDC uye kugadzirisa zvisungo izvi makore mashanu ega ega, kuburikidza neinozivikanwa sekutorwa kwemasheya pasi rose. Chekutanga cheicho chichaitika gore rinouya, uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakapokana kuti hadzigone kusimudza zvinangwa zvavo pasina tsigiro chaiyo mumari, tekinoroji, nerutsigiro rwehunyanzvi kubva kunyika dzakapfuma, nyaya tsvuku yeU.S.
โTinoona vavariro sechinhu chinongodiwa chete, kwete senzira yenzira imwe chete. Chido chinoda kuvandudza kudzikisira, kugadzirisa uye nzira dzekuita. Kana ukandikumbira kuti ndikwire gomo uye ndisina mamhasuru ekuita izvozvo, uri kubvunza zvisingaite, "Ambassador wePalestine Ammar Hijazi, sachigaro weboka reG77 neChina, akadaro muchidimbu chevatori venhau. "Motokari yemagetsi ichiri chinhu chinodhura," anodaro nenzira yemuenzaniso. โKana ndikatenga mota yemagetsi kuPalestine, panongova nemachaji 4 kana mashanu. Ndobva ndanamirana nemota iyi hapana kwainondisvitsa."
Kuwedzera kuomesera uku ndiko kubuda kweUS kubva muchibvumirano cheParis, gwaro rakagadzirirwa muchikamu chidiki kudzikamisa kushushikana kwayo pamusoro peKyoto, kuti yakaisa mutoro usina kufanira kunyika dzakabudirira, chikonzero chikuru, pamwe nekumanikidzwa kwemaindasitiri, nei yakaramba. kuita chibvumirano ichocho muna 2001. Hijazi inofunga kuti kubva kwayakaita Paris kwakafanana neโkukumbira nyika kuti dzitakure U.S. pamapfudzi adzo,โ ichiita basa rayo rokuderedza utsi hunobudiswa muno uhwo zvino โhapana munhu ari kuzvidavirira.โ
Anotyirawo kuti kubva kweU.S. kunogona kuve nemhedzisiro inosvika kure, uye "kukanganisa kurongeka kwenyika sezvatinozviziva maererano nekudyidzana kwenyika dzakawanda, mukugadzirisa matambudziko edu mumakamuri pane kumhanyisana mumigwagwa," akadaro. โApa ndipo patinopopotedzana nekupopotedzana, asi tinoedza kutsvaga mhinduro. Hatibvumirani pane zvese, asi aya ndiwo mashandiro anoita nyika. Kana ukatanga kubuda muchibvumirano chenyika dzakawanda mushure mechimwe nekuti unenge usingafungi kuti zvinokukodzera, nyika dzinonzwa dzakaneta nekuita izvi. "
Yakayangarara se "ambition COPโ nechikwata chemutungamiri weChile chaiona nezvekufambiswa kwenyaya dzegore rino, nhaurirano idzi dzakange dzakanangana kujekesa kuti kusimudza chishuvo kunorevei mukuita, zvichikurudzira nyika kuti dziite mhiko dzadzo gore rinouya pamberi uye mushure megore ra2020. COP yegore rino, nyika makumi masere chete dzinomiririra zvikamu gumi neshanu kubva muzana zvehutsi hwepasi rose dzakazvipira kuita izvi, kunyange hazvo European Union yakaparura chisungo chitsva chemamiriro ekunze svondo rapfuura icho chatove. yakatsoropodzwa. Nepo nyika dzine tarisiro dzinotambanuka kusvika muna 2025 dzichafanira ratidza zvirongwa zvitsva uye zvakavandudzwa, avo vane zvirongwa kusvika 2030 vanogona kungo "taurazve" mhiko dzavo dzekutanga. IUS inongove nechinangwa cha2025 asi yakarongerwa kubuda muchibvumirano cheParis pamberi peCOP26. Mamwe ese makuru asiri eUS emitters ane 2030 tarisiro, saka anogona kungopa izvo zvavanazvo.
VaDemocrats veCongress vakashanyira COP25 musvondo rayo rekutanga, kusanganisira Mutauriri weImba, Nancy Pelosi, vaive neshungu dzekuenda kure naTrump uye vakadzokorora kuzvipira kwavo kuParis. Pelosi akadana dambudziko remamiriro ekunze "kutyisidzira kuripo kwenguva yedu," ichicherekedza "mutoro wehunhu weUS wekubatsira vanhu vari panjodzi zvakanyanya pasirese sezvatinopfuudza pasi rino kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera." Vhiki rakatevera, akajamba a kutengeserana kutengeserana (iyo United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement) iyo isingataure shanduko yemamiriro ekunze uye inobvumira iyo U.S. kuti iwedzere kutengesa kwayo kunze kwekunze, chibvumirano cheSierra Club nyanzvi yekutengeserana Ben Beachy. akadana "Chipo chisina kunyara kuExxon neChevron."
Imwe shanduro yezvinyorwa yakaunzwa nemutungamiri weChile kugadzirisa nyaya iyi nemazvo akarohwa chero kutaurwa kwekuda chinzvimbo, kumutsa hasha kubva kumapoka emasangano everuzhinji pamwe neHigh Ambition Coalition, inoumbwa nemusanganiswa wenyika dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira. The Paris rulebook ikozvino "inosimbisazve nehanya yakakomba kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kugadzirisa mukaha wakakosha" pakati pemhiko dzanhasi uye zvinodiwa, uye "inokurudzira mapato kuti afunge" gaka iro kana vakasarudza kusawedzera chishuvo chavo uye kupeta kuviri kune INDC iripo. NeSvondo mangwanani, iyo U.S. yakabatana nevamwe vanosvibisa zvakanyanya mukati kuvharira chisarudzo chisingasungiri kukurudzira vavariro dzakawanda.
"Zvinoita sekunge pave nekudimburwa zvachose," Sara Shaw, murongi wechirongwa chepasi rose chekururamisira kwemamiriro ekunze uye simba kuFriends of the Earth International. PaCOP, anowedzera, kune "zviratidziro zvinoshamisa pasainzi yazvino, uchitarisa kuti yakawanda sei iyo nyika yemamiriro ekunze ichada kudzikisa hutsi, asi hainzwe sekunge inopinda muhurukuro chaiyo. Panzvimbo pokusundwa nesayenzi, unoona mamiriro ezvinhu apo nhaurirano dzinosundwa chaizvoizvo noudyire uye zvematongerwe enyika. Irwo rudzi rwemujaho kusvika pasi. ... Kudai vanhuwo zvavo vaiziva zviri kuitika pano, vaizotya zvikuru.
Kurasikirwa uye Kukuvadzwa
Mari yemamiriro ekunze - yakaputsika kuita kudzikisira, kugadzirisa, uye "kurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa" (mari yekudzoreredza kubva mukukanganisa kwemamiriro ekunze kwave kutoitika) - yanga iri imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekuNorth-South kubva pakatanga hurukuro dzeUNFCCC mukutanga kwema1990. IUS yakagara ichisimbirira kuti kudzikisira uye kugadzirisa chete ndidzo nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzemari dzakarongwa neUN, ichipokana kuti kurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa kunofanirwa kubatwa zvakanyanya nehurumende dzenyika kana mapoka erubatsiro akaita seRed Cross. NeWarsaw International Mechanism - iyo pre-Paris motokari yekutarisa kurasikirwa uye kukanganisa mari - kusvika pakuongorora, vazhinji vakaona iyi COP semukana wekugadzirisa nyaya dzakagara kwenguva refu pamusoro pekurasikirwa nekukuvara uye kujekesa kuti mari inogona kukumbirwa uye kugoverwa sei.
Mumwe mumiririri anobva kuTuvalu akati kuramba kweUnited States kurambidza mari yokurasikirwa nokukuvadzwa โkunganzi imhosva kuvanhu.โ
IU.S. yakaona imwe mhando yekuvhura. Kare apo Chibvumirano cheParis chaikurukurwa, maRepublicans muCongress akatyisidzira kuunza chibvumirano kuvhoti kana chaisanganisira chero chinhu chakaita sechisungo chinosunga. Kukanganisika kwakaitika yaive ndima pfupi yaizivisa "kuti Chisungo 8 cheChibvumirano" - icho chine chekuita nezvemari - "hachisanganisire kana kupa hwaro hwemhosva kana muripo." Pasati papera gore kubva pakubva kuParis, vakurukuri veUS vakaedza kushandisa gakava pamusoro pehutongi hweWIM kuti vawedzere kuregererwa kwemhosva kune iyo UNFCCC yese, iyo icharamba iri bato kwairi mushure mekubva kuParis. Izvi zvinokanganisa kugona kweWIM kuunganidza mari uye zvichanyatso gadzirisa zvikwereti kuti ndiani ane chekuita nekubuda kwepasi rose. Vatauri veUS havana kuwana shuviro yavo, asi nyaya iyi ichakwikwidzwa zvakare gore rinouya. Vakasundidzirawo kumashure zvine simba pane chero"bifurcationโ zvemitoro pakati penyika dzakabudirira nedziri kusimukira. Pazuva rekupedzisira rehurukuro, mumiriri kubva kuTuvalu - pakati penyika dzakanyanya kutambudzika kwemamiriro ekunze pasi pano - akati kuti kuramba kweUnited States kuchimanikidza kuvharidzira mari yekurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa "kunganzi imhosva kune vanhu."
Nyika dziri munjodzi yemamiriro ekunze dzave kutotora matanho ekusuwa kutsika bhiri rekukwira kwekushisa. Pasina imwe dziva remari yekushandisa, Mozambique - yakatonyura muchikwereti kuCredit Suisse uye VTB Capital yeRussia - yakamanikidzwa kutora chikwereti. $118 miriyoni IMF chikwereti kupora kubva kuCyclone Idai, iyo yakauraya vanhu vanodarika chiuru uye yakakonzera kukanganisa kwemabhiriyoni emadhora muna Kubvumbi. Kuwanda kwekuregererwa kwezvikwereti kwave kuri kudiwa kwakakosha kwemapoka arikusundira mari yakaenzana yemamiriro ekunze, asi kusavapo kwekuchinja uku uye kurasikirwa kwakasimba nekukuvadza mari yeMozambique nedzimwe nyika dzinogona kumanikidzwa kutevedzera zvinodiwa neIMF pakubhadhara chikwereti izvo zvinogona kuderedza, kugadzirisa kupora zvakanyanya kuoma.
Pakave nekukunda zvine mwero kumberi kwezvemari muMadrid, kusanganisira kuumbwa kweboka renyanzvi pakurasikirwa nekukuvadzwa, kubvumirana kumisa "Santiago Network" yekudyidzana pakati penyika nezvenyaya iyi, uye kutorwa kwemutauro uchikurudzira "kuwedzera- pamusoro pechiito netsigiroโ pakurasikirwa nokukuvadzwa. Zvakadaro nemibvunzo inomira pamusoro pehutongi uye pasina zvisungo zvitsva zvekuendesa mari, kuchine nzira refu iri pamberi kune chero basa rekurasikirwa nekukuvadza system.
โTinofanira kunzwisisa kuti tiri panguva yakaoma zvikuru. Takaona kusaita basa mumakore gumi apfuura kuri kuwedzera kumanikidza nyika dzichiri kusimukira kuti dziunze uye kutakura mutoro wenyika dzakabudirira dzinoramba dzichikweva makumbo," Singh akaudza The Intercept, achireva nezveUS. vakanetesa rugwaro uye havadi chero chinhu chine musoro kuti chienderere mberi.
Musika weCarbon
Kunyangwe hazvo US ingangove kunze kweChibvumirano cheParis panguva iyo nyaya dziri kunetsa kubva kuCOP25 dzichadzoserwa muGlasgow gore rinouya, kuramba kwayo kuve nhengo yeUNFCCC kunoreva kuti inogona kuramba ichiita basa rakakura muhurukuro, kusanganisira. pamari. Uye makambani makuru ekusvibisa epasirese, asiri kuenda chero nguva munguva pfupi yapfuura, anga achizeya nezvechinhu chikuru chetikiti cheCOP, chisati chagadziriswa: musika wekabhoni weParis Agreement.
Emissions yekutengesa masisitimu senge iyo Chinyorwa 6 cheChibvumirano cheParis chinotsanangura kuti nyika dzingatenga sei nekutengesa makiredhiti kubva kune vamwe vakatodzikisa kuburitswa kwadzo. Kana vasingakwanise kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzikisa mukati memiganhu yavo, vanogona kutenga "offset" makiredhiti anoenderana nekuderedzwa kwehutsi kune imwe nzvimbo. Chidimbu chimwe chete cheChinyorwa 6 - 6.8 - chinotaura nezvenzira dzisiri dzemusika, uye haisati yave kugadzirwa kwenguva yakareba. Kunze kwekuchinja kukuru, misika yekabhoni icharamba iri nzira huru iyo nyika dzinodyidzana nayo kuderedza kuburitswa.
"Ini handisi kuzopomera maitiro," Harjeet Singh weActionAid akadaro. "Vamwe vanhu vakaita shuwa kuti nzira iyi haina kuita."
Kutengeserana neCarbon kwave kunetsana zvakanyanya. Kusundidzirwa zvakasimba muUN neBP uye Environmental Defense Fund muma1990 - uye muParis Agreement zvishoma zvishoma. pakukurudzira kwaShell - ine nhoroondo inomutsa mubvunzo yekumisa kusvibiswa. Vatsoropodzi vanopokana kuti injodzi kune zvipenyu, kodzero dzevanhu, uye hutongi hwechivanhu, paine mashoma kana akakwira epasi. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge EU's Emissions Trading System yakagadzwa muna 2005, mutengo wekutengesa kabhoni mukati mayo wakadonha uye wakaramba wakaderera kusvika 2017, zvichiita kuti zvichipe kusvibisa. Iyo East Coast's RGGI system inonyanya nzira yekusimudza mari - kwete kuderedza kuburitswa - uye ichangoburwa kushuma kubva. ProPublica inoratidza kuti kubuda kwehutsi kubva muzvikamu zvakavharwa neCalifornia's cap-and-trade system kwakwira kubva payakaitwa muna 2010. Kyoto Protocol yaisanganisira nzira yekutengesa kabhoni inozivikanwa seClean Development Mechanism yave kukanganiswa ne scandal, umo makambani aikwanisa kutengesa makiredhiti ekugadzira nekuparadza maemissions avangadai vasina kugadzira neimwe nzira.
Mapoka emaindasitiri pamwe nenyika dzakaita seAustralia, India, neBrazil ave kurwira kutakura zvikwereti kubva kuKyoto system kupinda muChisungo cheParis Chinyorwa chechitanhatu, zvichivabvumira kuverenga zvikwereti zvagara zviripo - zvichiverengera kudarika kuburitswa kwegore negore kweEU - kune kudzikiswa kwavo kwehutsi.
Zvichakadaro, vatsigiri vazhinji veMarudzi uye mapoka emasangano evagari vemo vakapokana kuti misika yekabhoni inofanira kubviswa zvachose, uye zvishoma kupfuura zvirongwa zvekugadzira mari kune vanosvibisa zvakanyanya. Vese vari vaviri vatsoropodzi vekutengesa kabhoni uye avo vanonyanya hushamwari kune misika nzira vakasundira kuti ibatanidzwe zvakanyanya kuomesesa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kodzero dzevanhu mwero muzvinyorwa zvinotonga kuita kwayo. Vanodawo kudzivirira kuverengwa kaviri, apo mutengi wezvikwereti zveoffset uye nyika iyo chirongwa chinoitika anogona kuverenga kuderedzwa kwainoburitsa. Brazil, dzimwe nyika dzine hurumende dzebapiro rekurudyi, uye akawanda mapurojekiti ekugadzirisa akarwisa shanduko dzakadai.
Fossil mafuta anofarira ari kutarisa kuona kuti vanowana dhiri yakanaka kubva muChinyorwa 6, zvakare. UNFCCC haisati yambotanga kupesana kwegwaro rezvido, uye vamiriri veindasitiri vari kushanda pane izvo nezvimwe zvinhu - pamabheji evacherechedzi seaya anopihwa vamiriri vemasangano everuzhinji - vanonakidzwa nekuwana kwakawanda kumapoka enhaurirano dzenyika, nemasangano ekutengeserana seInternational Emissions Trading. Sangano rinotambira maawa anofara uye zviitiko zvekudzokera kumashure pa "Business Hub" pavilions zvakaiswa kwemakore akati wandei apfuura. Nhumwa dzeIETA kunhaurirano dzegore rino dzakakura kudarika dzakatumirwa neEU, dziine nhumwa zana nemakumi mana.
"Ini handisi kuzopomera maitiro," Singh, weActionAid, anodaro. โVamwe vanhu vakaita chokwadi chekuti chirongwa ichi hachina kuita. Vanga vachingotarisa kufarira kwavo uye kuchengetedza makambani avo. Hatina imwe nzira yekuchinja uku. Ndiko kuvharisa uye kuvharisa kusiri kubvumira nyika dzese dzisina njodzi kuti dzive nekutaura uye nzvimbo. โ
Gakava rinobva kumaindasitiri nenyika dzakabatana, Madhusoodanan akati, โ'Hatigone kuita Chibvumirano cheParis nemazvo kunze kwekunge tiine bhizinesi nesu nhanho dzese dzenzira.' Uye izvi zvinopesana zvachose nepfungwa yekuti mamwe emakambani aya pano kuti vaenderere mberi zvakanyanya kufarira kune yavo purofiti. ... Panosvika sarudzo panhaurirano dzinogona kuvapo nevacherechedzi, pakange patove nekudyidzana kwakawanda kwakaitika kuseri kwemasuo akavharwa nemasangano ane simba zvikuru anoshandira kusimudzira hurongwa hwekambani.
Maoko akavhurika ayo makambani anogamuchirwa nawo anopesana zvakanyanya nemabatirwo akaitwa veruzhinji gore rino, avo, kunze kwekudzingwa muruzhinji neChitatu, vakarambidzwa mapepanhau avo ezuva nezuva kuti asafambiswe pakutanga kweCOP, UNFCCC ichiisa zvirango. pamapepa mangani maNGO akatenderwa kudhinda. Hurukuro dzakatamiswa kubva kuChile kuenda kuSpain - runhare rwakaitwa pakati pekuratidzira kwakapararira vachipokana nehurumende yaSebastiรกn Piรฑera neoliberal ipapo - vakawedzera zvimwe zvipingamupinyi kuti vatore chikamu.
Bert De Wel, director wezvemamiriro ekunze weInternational Trade Union Congress, anoti nhengo dzakawanda dzemubatanidzwa dzakaronga kupinda muboka reITUC - kusanganisira vazhinji vanobva kuLatin America - vakamanikidzwa kugara pamba nekuda kwemitengo yekufambisa nezvimwe zvinonetsa. "Kunyanya vanhu vanotevedzera mitemo yekushanda pasi mumibatanidzwa vanowanzotadza," anodaro. "Maboss nevatungamiriri vanozowana rubatsiro nerutsigiro kuti vasvike ikoko, asi kuve nekumiririrwa kwevanhu vari padyo nedanho rebasa redu kunowedzera kunetsa. โฆ Hatikwanise kutenga zviitiko zvemhando yepamusoro kana mapaviyoni.โ
Pakupera kwevhiki, vamiririri venyika dzichiri kusimukira vakanga yakachengetwa panze yenhaurirano dzepakati pehusiku mukamuri umo magwaro ekupedzisira aikurukurwa. Uye pazuva rekupedzisira, dare rekupedzisira rakanonoka nekuti UNFCCC yanga isina chokwadi chekuti vaive nezvikamu zviviri muzvitatu quorum inodiwa kuti ienderere mberi. Vamiriri vanoverengeka vaibva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira vakanga vasina mari yokuchinja ndege dzavo.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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