Kunobva: The New Republic
Sezvo mitengo yegesi yakakwira kusvika kudarika $4 pagaloni muUnited States uye oiri inotengeswa zvakakwirira zve $ 130 pabharira svondo rino mukati mehondo muEurope, a mushumo mutsva kubva kuUK-based think tank Common Wealth vanoona kuti vagadziri vashanu vepamusoro emafuta negasi muUS vari kuwana chibvumirano chakanaka kubva kuhurumende yeUS: Kunyange vachiwana purofiti yakakura, mutoro wavo wemutero unoramba wakadzikira zvinokatyamadza. Kubva pakasainwa Chibvumirano cheParis, vagadziri vepamusoro vakawana mari paavhareji shure kubva ku IRS. NeChina masikati, boka remaDemocrats eCongress - rinotungamirwa naSeneta weRhode Island, Sheldon Whitehouse mudare reSeneti, uye Mumiriri Ro Khanna mudare - vakazivisa bhiri rekubatsira kuchinja izvi, vachikurudzira kubhadharisa mitero. mutero wefossil fuel company 'windfall profits.
โBig Oil iri kuita purofiti apo mhuri dzinoshanda dziri kunetseka kuwana gasi papombi. Zvatiri kuona izvozvi muenzaniso mukuru wemakaro emakambani uye makambani ari kuwana purofiti padambudziko repasi rose, "Khanna akadaro neemail. Bhiri iri, akawedzera, rakanangana ne "kumisa kuita purofiti kwekambani iyi nekukwidza mari kubva pamhepo yemakambani aya uye kudzosera mari yacho kune vanoshanda vekuAmerica."
Chirevo chitsva cheCommon Wealth chinotsigira izvi. Kuongorora data kubva mudura rezvemari Bloomberg Terminal, Compustat, uye Thomson Reuters Eikon, vaongorori Sandy Hagar naJoseph Baines yakaona kuti maererano neCompustat uye makambani gumi-K mafaera aidiwa neSecurities and Exchange Commission, ConocoPhillips, Chevron, ExxonMobil, Hess Corporation, uye Devon Energy vakawana madhora bhiriyoni zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu. shure mumitero yemumba pakati pa2015 na2022. Makambani mamwe chetewo akabhadhara mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nenomwe emadhora kuhurumende dzekunze panguva imwe cheteyo.
Kunyange vachibhadhara mitero yakaipa kuhurumende yeUnited States, makambani aya akaendesawo vanoisa mari yavo $201.4 bhiriyoni muzvikamu uye kugoverana kutenga, kana $40.3 bhiriyoni paavhareji-pamusoro peavhareji yemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emakambani akanyorwa paS&P 15.3. Gore rino, purofiti isati yabhadhariswa ConocoPhillips. , Chevron, ExxonMobil, Hess Corporation, uye Devon Energy vari kutarisirwa kuwedzera ne500, 42.7, 38.5, 28.6 uye 56.9 muzana zvichiteerana, kana zvichienzaniswa negore rapfuura.
"Unoona zvakajeka kuti dambudziko remagetsi rave mhepo kumakambani makuru," Hagari akandiudza. "Ndaigara ndichifunga kuti vane chibvumirano chakanaka chemutero wepamba, asi ruzivo rwakandishamisa. ... Chiri kunetsa ndechekuti vanhu vazhinji vari kunetseka nekukwira kwemitengo yemagetsi."
Vamiriri kubva kuConocoPhillips naDevon Energy havana kupindura kuchikumbiro chekutaura nezvenyaya iyi. Hess aramba kutaura. Erin McGrath, chipangamazano mukuru weExxonMobil wezveruzhinji nezvehurumende, akadana yekutanga, yakafanoburitswa seti yemitero yakataurwa neCommon Wealth "haina kururama," achinongedzera kune 10-K mafaera ekambani. Baines akabva ayambuka-referenced data reCompustat nekambani yega yega 10-K mafaira kuti abudise nhamba dzekupedzisira mumushumo. Paakakumbirwa kuti ape nhamba dzakaringana dzemutero weExxonMobil mumakore aya, McGrath akamira kupindura.
Sezvo mutengo wevatengi uchikwira papombi uye yekudziya mabhiri edzimba-muEurope, kunyanya-iyo European Union uye United Kingdom vese vakaongorora mapurofiti emakambani emagetsi ekubhadhara mutero kuti awane mari yekudyarazve simba rekudyara uye kubatsira vanhu kuwana hupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kusvika pari zvino, iyo yepamusoro-mbiri yemutemo simba rekusundidzira muUS yanga iri bipartisan boka revatongi vemitemo vakabudirira kumanikidza White House kuti iite. bhana pamusoro pekutengeswa kwemafuta eRussia, zvakaziviswa nehutungamiri neChipiri.
Makambani emafuta negasi eAmerica anoitawo vachida kutora mari mukumisa kwesimba rinoyerera kubva kuRussia kuti riwane mibairo mitsva yemakondirakiti egasi uye zvivakwa zvenguva refu muEurope - musika waimbotaridzika usina kujeka pakati pekunetseka kuri kuwedzera pamusoro pedambudziko remamiriro ekunze. Sangano reAmerican Petroleum Institute (boka remafuta negasi rinomirira) rakapokana kuti manejimendi - ayo ari kushingaira kukurudzira kugadzirwa kwakawanda kumba nekune dzimwe nyika - ari kuisa miganho yekugadzira iyo iri kuita kuti mitengo ikwire muUS uye kutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kwesimba reEurope. Mhirizhonga ipapo, API inopokana, inofanirwa kunge iri chikonzero chekubvumirana kune akati wandei-yakareba-yakamira zvido zvekudzosera kumashure mirau uye yakasvibira-chiedza chitsva zvivakwa.
Democratic Michigan Congresswoman Elise Slotkin akaunza iyo American Energy yeEurope Act. Bhiri iri raizoraira Dhipatimendi reMagetsi kushandisa $500 miriyoni pa (pakati pemamwe matanho) kupa "rubatsiro, zvikwereti, kana vimbiso yechikwereti kuita mapurojekiti anogona kuderedza kuvimba nenyika yakabatana yeEurope pagasi rechisikigo, peturu, kana mafuta enyukireya anogadzirwa mukati. Rashiya." Kunyangwe bhiri racho risingatsanangure maitirwo emari uye rinogona kupa mari yezvezvezve โ rinopa masimba ekuita sarudzo neDOE - imwe yemari iyoyo inogona kuyerera kune vanogadzira oiri negasi. Centrist pundits, kusanganisira Fareed Zakaria, vakati White House inofanirwa "kubatsira zvakanyanya nemari yegasi rakasvibiswa, kuitira kuti ritumire kuEurope."
Rimwe dambudziko nemaitiro aya nderekuti chikamu chemafuta negasi chatowana rubatsiro rwakanyanya, inofungidzirwa kumativi ese. $ 20 bhiriyoni pagore. Kusvika pari zvino rubatsiro urwu haruna kuburitsa simba rekuzvimirira kuEurope kana kuUS, kupihwa oiri chinhu chakakosha pasi rose icho US ine masimba mashoma. Rubatsiro irworwo rwakabatsira kuburitsa purofiti yakakura kumakambani emafuta negasi.
Pane kusawirirana pakati pezvinogona kana kuda kuitwa nevagadziri uye tarisiro yekuti oiri yeUS uye gasi rakanyungudutswa richaunza kuchengetedzeka kwesimba kuEurope kana mitengo yakaderera kumba. Infrastructure yekuendesa US liquified natural gas kuEurope inoramba iripo limited, uye zvaizotora makore kuti vauye online. Oiri yeUS iri kugadzirwa iri padhuze kana kuti padhuze, uye inotarisira kudzikama asi kwete kuputika kukura munguva pfupi. Uye iyo US ine mashoma maturusi ekukwidza kugadzirwa kunyangwe paine nzvimbo yakawanda yekuita kudaro.
Mumusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa pamberi peCERAWeek, iyo yakatanga Muvhuro mangwanani muHouston, mukuru weDhipatimendi reMagetsi akati manejimendi aishuvira kuona kugadzirwa kwakawanda asi pakupedzisira "idzi sarudzo dzebazi rakazvimirira. Tingafunga uye tinovimba kuti madhora zana nemakumi mashanu neshanu padhiramu ikurudziro,โ akadaro mukuru uyu. โTinofanirwa kuve nemisika iri pachena, ichishanda zvakanaka. Mutengo wekukurudzira uripo. Makambani aya ari kuita purofiti.โ
Zvichakadaro, madhiri makuru ekuUS anoratidza kunge asina shungu yekuwedzera kugadzirwa: mitengo yakakwira inoshandura kuita purofiti yakakwira, uye vanochera shale vanoedza kudzoka munyasha dzevanoisa mari mushure memakore ekubuda ropa kwemari vari kutarisa kugadzikana kwenguva refu pachiyero chavo. mapepa. Mukuru wePioneer Natural Resources Scott Sheffield akadirwa imwe mvura inotonhorera pane pfungwa yekuti kukwidzika kunoshamisa mukugadzirwa kwave kuuya, vachiudza Financial Times svondo rapfuura kuti hurongwa hwekukura hwaive pazera remakore maviri kusvika matatu uye kuti zvaizotora "mwedzi mitanhatu kusvika misere kuwana kugadzirwa kwekutanga." Iye Yakataurwa munguva pfupi yapfuura iyo $200 pamitengo yedhiramu yaisazochinja pfungwa dzavo, kana.
Shale drillers kunyanya vakanongedza kuWall Street kudiwa kweiyo migove yakawedzera, kugovera kutenga, uye kuyera hurongwa hwekukura sechikonzero chikuru chavasingakwanise kuwedzera kugadzirwa. Ivo vakurudzirawo, zvisinganzwisisike uye pasina humbowo hwakawanda, kuti chikamu chemari chiri kukambaira nevaratidziri vemamiriro ekunze vakamuka. "Hatifanirwe kuve nevezvematongerwo enyika nemabhanga vanotiudza kuti hatidi mafuta negasi makore mashanu kubva zvino," Mukuru weHess John B. Hess akaudza mhomho paS&P Global's CERAWeek 2022 nemusi weMuvhuro. โTatanga kuona kuparara kwehupfumi hwenyika nekuti hatisi kuisa mari yakakwana. Asi zvinofarirwa neExxonMobil neChevron-ane mashizha mahombe anoreva kuti vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kudiki-diki kuti vachengetedze "kuranga" kwakaderera, sezvakataurwa nevakuru-vakaunzawo mazakwatira emari kuvaridzi vavo.
Purofiti inotarisirwa kuenderera mberi nebhaluni muna 2022. Yakabvunzwa nezve tarisiro ye windfall tax muUK, BP CEO Bernard Looney vakakavadzana ku Financial Times kuti mamwe mitero yaizotyisidzira mari yavo mune yakaderera-kabhoni simba. Kumakambani emafuta emuUS angave akaoma kugadzira: ExxonMobil neChevron vakapa chete 0.16 muzana uye 2 muzana, zvichiteerana, yezvese mari yavo yekushandisa kune yakaderera kabhoni simba muna 2021, Hagari naBaines vakawana. McGrath akataura kuti Exxon "yakapa madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu ekudyara mari yakaderera kusvika muna 15," achiwedzera kuti "zvirongwa zvavo zvinochinjika, uye isu ticharamba tichivandudza budiriro yedu sezvo mamiriro emitemo uye tekinoroji zviri kuramba zvichishanduka." Mukupindura chikumbiro chekutaura nezvenyaya iyi, mutauriri weChevron akatumira email a batanidzo kune kuburitswa kwenhau kubva munaGunyana apfuura achizivisa kuti kambani yakaronga kuwedzera katatu mari yayo yekushandisa pa "yakaderera kabhoni ambitions" panosvika 2028. Zvimwe zvese zvakaenzana, izvi, mukufungidzira, zvaizounza mari yavo yakaderera-kabhoni ku6 muzana yehuwandu hwekushandisa mari. .
Kate Aronoff munyori wevashandi kuThe New Republic.
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