Runyararo muYemen rucharamba rusinganzwisisike kunze kwekunge United Nations yachinja basa rayo kubva pakutsigira nhaurirano ye-Yemeni kuenda kuyananisira nhaurirano dzekumisa moto pakati pemapato chaiwo ari kurwa, anoti Saudi Arabia & allies uye vamiriri veYemenis vari kurwira kudzivirira. miganhu yenyika uye yakasununguka kuzvisarudzira, kureva Huthi - Saleh & vanobatana.
Kuunganidza ayo 70th musangano uchipemberera 70 yayoth mhemberero yegore rino, United Nations haifanire kufunga zvakare kumira kwayo paYemen, asi inofanirwa kuita, zvirinani kupa chiso - chekuchengetedza nzira yekubuda yeSaudi Arabia kana ikasamisa dambudziko rekunaya kwechando rakakomba munyika.
Mumiriri weUnited Nations Mauritanian akakosha kuYemen Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed achasangana neakafanotungamira Jamal Benomar, uyo akasiya basa rake Kurume apfuura achibvuma kutadza kwayo.
Kuomerera kweSaudi pamusoro pekutaura kuti a fait accompli kuYemen kuri kukanganisa kuedza kweUN kuunza mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika, izvo zvakaitwa kuti zvisagoneke neSaudi - inotungamirwa hondo kuYemen.
The legitimacy gakava
UN yakatsigira Yemeni - Yemeni hurukuro muguta guru reSultanate yeOman, Muscat, uye kumwewo icharamba yakavharwa. Ivo vasiri kutanga. VaSaudis vakabata vadyidzani vavo veYemeni nhapwa dzekutsamira kwavo kuSaudi yemari, yezvematongerwo enyika uye nerutsigiro rwemauto pasina izvo vaisagona kurarama mukati.
Kucherechedzwa kweUN neArab League sevamiriri veYemen zviri pamutemo kwaipesana. Ivo vanoonekwa nevakawanda veYemenis sezvidhori zveSaudi pane vamiriri vepamutemo vevanhu vavo.
Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, anozivikanwa neUN neSaudi - mubatanidzwa unotungamirwa semutungamiri wenyika yeYemen, akasvika muAden svondo rapfuura ari mundege yeuto reSaudi uye kuchengetedzwa kwake kwakachengetedzwa mukati memazuva matatu ekugara ikoko nevarindi vemauto kubva. United Arab Emirates. Kuuya kwemutungamiriri wake Khaled Bahah svondo rapfuura kwakanga kusina kusiyana.
Kupa kodzero dzeUN neArab League pavari zvinongoshanda chete kushandura masangano ese ari maviri kuti ave mapato akarerekera kumagakava kana asiri vadyidzani nawo kana kuti vanopindirana uye kukanganisa magwaro avo semuyananisi.
MaHuthi anofananidzirwa neSaudi - anotungamirwa anonyepa sebato remapato uye vanopinda nechisimba munharaunda yeYemeni kana sevamiriri veIran vari kurwa hondo yemumiriri muYemen, asi vaHuthi havasi vatorwa. Madzitateguru avo akatonga Yevarume fomakore ane chiuru. Vanomiririra chinopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chevagari venyika. Basa ravo ringadai rakasimbiswa nerutsigiro rweIran uye kuneteswa nekutaura kwavo kwechitendero, asi zvisinei ivo havana kupokana vakaberekerwa munhoroondo yenyika yeYemen nenharaunda.
Saizvozvo, mubatsiri wavo mukurwa neSaudi - yakatungamirwa hondo kuYemen, aimbove mutungamiri Ali Abdullah Saleh, chikamu uye chikamu cheYemeni zvematongerwo enyika. Anopfuura makore matatu - gumi mubatsiri weSaudi Arabia, Saleh paakaramba hurongwa hweshanduko yeSaudi haana kumbopona bhomba reminamato yake yeChishanu. Zvisinei nekutonga kwake uye nehuwori hwakapararira hwehutongi hwake, anorumbidzwa nekuvaka zvivakwa zvehurumende, uto renyika, hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika hunogoneka uye rusununguko rweruzhinji rwaive godo kuhama dzake dzechiArab dziri kuchamhembe. vachiri kurarama pasi peMiddle Ages masisitimu ehurumende uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kuita kubatana kweYemen chokwadi chehupenyu. Kana magwaro ake emumiriri achibvunzwa nevaimbova shamwari dzake dzeSaudi zvakakosha kuvayeuchidza kuti bato rake re "al-Mutamar" richiri kutonga ruzhinji rweparamende yekupedzisira yakasarudzwa nedemocracy yeYemeni.
Kupindira kwe "kunze" kweIran muYemen uye nerutsigiro rwechitendero cheIran che "Shiite" Yemenis, mukuwedzera kune yakazvizivisa basa rekudzivirira hutongi hwegakava hwemutungamiri weYemeni, ndiyo raison d'รชtre huru yakataurwa naRiyadh secasus. belli yeSaudi inoenderera mberi nemwedzi mitanhatu hondo yeYemen.
Zvisinei nhoroondo uye realpolitik chokwadi chinoramba zvirevo zveSaudi zvakadaro uye zvinozviita sezvishoma - zvakafukidzwa zvikonzero zvekuisa hutongi hwechipopi muSanaa nechisimba uye chine hutsinye simba rekupinda kunze.
Hondo yeSaudi yemazuva ano kuYemen inogona kunge iri "tsika yekupfuura" yeGulf Cooperation Council (GCC), kunyanya United Arab Emirates (UAE), asi kwete Saudi Arabia sezvakataurwa naRami G. Khouri (1).
Nhoroondo refu yekupindira kwemauto eSaudi
Kare kusati kwave ne "kutyisidzira kweIran" kana "kutyisidzira kweShiite," mhuri inotonga yeSaudi haina kumbozeza kupindira muYemen nemauto kana neimwe nzira apo Yemenis yairatidza zviratidzo zvekubuda kubva kuSaudi hegemony kuenda kune rusununguko rwekusarudza hupenyu hwavo vakazvimirira.
Mumakore ekuma1930 maSaudis akapinda muhondo yeMutawakkilite Imamate yeYemen uye akabudirira mukutora matunhu eYemeni eAsir, Jizan neNajran kuumambo hwavo, nokudaro vachigadzira gakava remuganho rakanga risina kugadziriswa kusvika 2000, asi hondo yeSaudi iripo. Yemen inoita kunge ichaitonga.
Ipapo, vakatora chiteshi cheYemeni cheHodeida paGungwa Dzvuku uye vakarwisa guta guru reYemeni Sanaa. Yemen panguva iyoyo yaive yakafanana "umambo" yakasungwa, seSaudis, nezvibvumirano neBritish colonial simba.
Kubva 1962 kusvika 1970 maSaudis akapindira muchiuto kudivi re "Shiite" Yemeni "vamambo" vavakarwa muma1930s vachipokana nemarepublican vaitsvaga kupinza Yemen muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri kubva kuMiddle Ages. Kupindira kwemauto eSaudi kwakatungamira mutungamiri wePan - Arab weEgypt Gamal Abd al-Nasir kuti akurumidze kununura maRepublicans eYemeni, nokudaro achiisa nyaya yemukati meYemeni muhondo yeEgypt - yeSaudi pakati pe "Sunni."
Nhoroondo inoratidzika kunge iri kuzvidzokorora mazuva ano, asi maSaudis kusvika parizvino atadza kusanganisa Iran muYemen sezvavakaita neEgypt panguva iyoyo. Pane kudaro, humambo pachahwo huri kunyura mukati mejecha reYemeni.
"Muna 1977, saka, Saudi Arabia yakarangana (pamwe chete naSalih) kuurayiwa kweMutungamiriri wemazuva ano Ibrahim al-Hamdi, akange akatsunga kusunungura humambo pamusoro pezvematongerwo enyika yeYemeni," Tobias Thiel (2) weLondon School of Economics nePolitical Science (LSE) yakanyora musi waApril 2 wapfuura.
Mumashure mekubuda kweIslamic Republic yeIran munzvimbo yedunhu, "Imba yeSaud yakadzinga vashandi vangangosvika zviuru mazana masere ezviuru zvevaenzi veYemeni kuti varange nyika ichangobva kubatana nekuda kwechimiro chayo muHondo yeGulf ye800,000 (Kuwait war), ichinyudza nyika. mudambudziko rehupfumi" uye "umambo panguva imwe chete hwakatsigira mativi ese - maSunni Islamists uye Marxist separatist - muhondo ye1991 yekuzviparadzanisa," Thiel akawedzera. Zvose izvi zviitiko zvakanga zvisina chokuita neinonzi "Iran kutyisidzira" kana "Shiite - Sunni" makwikwi emapoka; ese ari maviri ainetsana pakati pemaArab neYemeni.
"Pakupedzisira," maererano naTiel, "Riyadh yakatsigira hutongi hweSalih vachipokana nekuratidzira kwakawanda muna 2011 uye yakaedza - sekune dzimwe nzvimbo - kumisa kuvhurwa kwedemokrasi. "
Kutangisa hondo yeSaudi kuYemen munaKurume wapfuura kwakaisa mhirizhonga yemukati meYemeni, kupfupisa nhaurirano yenyika yeYemeni yakabudirira yakatsigirwa neUnited Nations, yakakanganisa kubatana kwenyika, iyo yakazokanganiswa chete neAl-Qaeda muArabia Peninsula. (AQAP) iyo yaive yakasarudzika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweYemen, yakaparadza zvivakwa zveYemeni nyika, yakagadzira dambudziko rekunaya kwechando uye rakapa mukana weYemeni - Yemeni mhinduro yezvematongerwo enyika basa rakaitwa kuti risagoneke nekudeurana kweropa pamwe chete. kuomerera kweSaudi pakuumba nechisimba hutsinye hutongi hwekutonga muYemen maererano nemitemo yeSaudi.
Riyadh yakapindira muchiuto muYemen apo Saudi - yakatungamirira GCC chirongwa che "shanduko" pamashoko avo muYemen yakaputsika mu 2014. VaSaudis vakaronga "shanduko" muYemen kuti ive nyaya yekuratidzira inogona kudzokororwa muSyria kwavanenge vaita. ndanga ndichipa zvombo uye nekutsigira "shanduko yehurumende" yakafanana kwemakore mashanu apfuura. Kukundikana kwe "show case" yavo muYemen kwakaparadza hurongwa hwavo hweSyria.
Nhoroondo, Sanaa uye matunhu ane makomo ane hutsinye ekuchamhembe akakundikana varwi veArab nevasiri maArabu. Humambo hweOttoman pakukwirira kwahwo hahuna kukwanisa kuhukunda. Ndiyo nheyo yekusununguka kweYemen uye kuzvisarudzira. Ikoko kuomarara kweYemeni anti-Saudi kurwiswa kwakadzika midzi uye ipapo kupindira uku kungangosangana nekukundwa.
Iko-kunonzi "kusunungurwa" kweAden neSaudi neUAE kupindira kwemauto kunogona kushanda chete senzira yekuenderera mberi kwehondo yevagari vemo uye guta redunhu reYemen yakakamurwa. Hadi haakwanisi kuendesa muAden izvo zvaakatadza kuita paakanga ari muSana'a.
Musi waKurume 22 wapfuura, aimbove mumiriri akasarudzika weUN, Jamal Benomar, achitaura neUN Security Council kuburikidza nevhidhiyo musangano, akayambira kuti, "mamiriro ezvinhu ari kukurumidza kudzika" izvo "zviri kutungamira nyika kubva mukugarisana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kumucheto hondo yevagari vemoโ. Mamiriro ezvinhu "anokoka kunetsana kwenguva refu mumutsara weIraq-Libya-Syria yakasanganiswa mamiriro," akaudza musangano wekukurumidzira weUNSC. Benomar akasiya basa rake reUN achibvuma kutadza kwaro. Mutsivi wake angangosvika pamhedziso yakafanana nokukurumidza kupfuura gare gare.
Kuvapo ikozvino kunonzi pakati pe5 - 10 zviuru zvemauto eGCC muYemen chiratidzo chekuti kurwiswa kwemuchadenga kwakundikana uye kuti izvo zvinonzi mauto ehurumende anongori Yemeni kuita - tenda kero yevatete - vakafukidzwa Saudi - inotungamirwa nekunze. kupinda.
Kuunzwa kweGCC pasi mauto muYemen kunoratidza kukundikana kweiyo - inonzi Yemeni pro - pamutemo uye pro - mauto eSaudi pane kuratidzwa kweGCC kugona kwemauto.
Zvakataurwa neQatari News Agency (QNA) musi waGunyana 18, Gurukota rezvekunze reSaudi Adel al-Jubeir, vachibvuma kutadza kwenyika yavo muYemen, vakati "pachangu ... Highness King Salman akaisa chikumbiro ichi mberi kuti chitariswe. "
Kubvisa chero mupiro wakavhurika weIsrael kuhondo inotungamirwa neUS kumauto eIraq muKuwait muna 1991, kurwisa kweUS muIraq muna 2003 uye US "inotungamira kubva kumashure" muhondo irikuenderera mberi yeSyria chiyeuchidzo chakasimba chekuti chero basa reIsrael. muSaudi - inotungamirwa hondo kuYemen ingangove yakatorerwa kunze zvakare, zvirinani paruzhinji, nekuti zvingave zvisingaite.
Yasvika nguva yekuti UN ifambe kufambisa zano rekubuda kuSaudi Arabia kubva kuYemen.
Nicola Nasser mutori wenhau weArab anogara muBirzeit, West Bank yenzvimbo dzePalestine dzakatorwa neIsrael.[email inodzivirirwa]).
(1) http://america.aljazeera.com/, September 16, 2015. Rami G. Khouri mukuru mukuru wehurumende paIssam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs paAmerican University of Beirut uye mumwe mukuru weHarvard Kennedy School.
(2) Tobias Thiel ari PhD Mumiriri kuLSE's Dhipatimendi reInternational History. Dissertation yake ndeyezvematongerwo enyika anopokana, ndangariro dzakaungana uye mhirizhonga mumashure mekubatana Yemen. Akapedza makore matatu apfuura muYemen achiita tsvakiridzo yemumunda.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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