Mumamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika fascism iri kuwedzera, uye tyisidziro yedemocracy iri mungozi zvese seyakanaka uye vimbiso. Vezvematongerwo enyika vakati wandei vari kumhanyira mahofisi akasiyana siyana ezvematongerwo enyika vanotenda mudzidziso dzekurangana, vanombundikira zvinhu zvehutongi hwevachena, vanotsigira pfungwa dzeantisemitic. vanoramba sarudzo, uye vanopokana nezvenyika yevachena yechiKristu uye mitemo inotsigira kudzvanywa kwevavhoti uye kurambidzwa kwemabhuku, pakati pemamwe matanho ekudzvinyirira. Zvese izvi zvinzvimbo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa sezvinhu zvine muchetura zve rhetoric zvinokurudzira neo-fascism inombundirwa nevazhinji veRepublican Party - rhetoric yekudzima nhoroondo, ruvengo, rusarura uye zvematongerwo enyika zvekurasa. Fascism muUnited States haisisiri chinhu chisingagoneki. Nepo Mutungamiriri wenyika Biden akataura mukutaura nguva pfupi yadarika kuti sarudzo dziri kuuya dzinoisa demokrasi padanho, anorerutsa zvakanyanya danho rekuti bapiro rerudyi rakamuka ringakurumidza kuunza zvematongerwo enyika zvefascist muUnited States.
Chisingafaniri kukanganwa ndechekuti vezvematongerwo enyika vari kutsigira zvinzvimbo izvi zvinopikisa demokrasi, zvehudzvanyiriri havasi vanhu vakatsauka; asi, ivo zviratidzo zvetsika yakafararira yefascism inobvumira uye inogadzirisa hutsinye hwavo nekukurudzira mhirizhonga. Ndivo huso hutsva hwezvematongerwo enyika hwefascist hunotyisa US Fascist rhetoric haisisiri pasi pevhu muU. Uhwu hutsinye huzere mumutauro wevanodzvinyirira, hunokurudzira vaya vanotengeserana nenhema nekusaziva, uye kushandisa pfungwa dzeveruzhinji mukushandira vadzvinyiriri nechisimba. Iyi nzira yakadzokororwa yezvematongerwo enyika echiFascist nevamiriri vayo musarudzo dziri kuuya vanogovana kuputsika kwehana yakasimbiswa neimwe nzira yekudzima nhoroondo inokanganwa kuti mutauro wavo unodzokorora nhoroondo yakakonzera kuurayiwa kwevanhu, kufa kukuru uye kurwiswa kwehunhu hwevanhu.
Iyi rhetoric inodarika uye inonangana kupfuura chero boka rimwe chete chairo. Izvo zvinoenda kure nekukwira kuri kuratidzwa kweantisemitism pakati pevakakurumbira vakaita saKanye West uye nekupfuura kwevachena chiKristu chenyika yaDoug Mastriano. Iyi rhetoric ikozvino chikamu chemutauro wakakura wekurasa wakanangana nevanotama, vanhu vane ruvara, vapoteri, nevamwe. Chinofanira kushorwa pano hachisi zviito zvavo chete asiwo nzanga yakabvumira iyi fascism kuti ive zvakare yakajairika. Izvo zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa nekubvunzurudzwa muzera re rebranded fascism ndiko kurwiswa kwakakura-kwakavakirwa nemauto anopikisa demokrasi muRepublican Party uye vanobatana navo pane iwo akakosha ezvematongerwo enyika, etsika uye emagariro masangano anoedza kugadzira vanodzidzisa uye vanobatikana zvakanyanya vagari.
Sezvo masangano anotsoropodza egutsaruzhinji anouya achirwiswa, maitiro esangano rinotsoropodza anonyangarika mumhute yehucheche hwezvematongerwo enyika, achigadzira nzira yekutenda kweveruzhinji mukutaura kwekuchena kwerudzi, kukoshesa kwechitendero, magariro emanyepo, kubviswa mumutauro wekutarisira magariro. , kunyanyisa kupara mhosva uye kurangwa, uye kuzivikanwa kwevavengi sevavengi vehurumende. Isu tave kurarama muhurongwa hwekunyengedza, kutya kwakarongeka uye kusaziva kwakagadzirwa kunopedza chero chisaririra chekusatenda kusatenda, kukahadzika uye kuzvitsoropodza pachako. Dambudziko repfungwa, kutsoropodza uye zvinangwa zvakakonzera dambudziko rehana uye kuparara kwedemocracy yezvematongerwo enyika. Mhepo yefascism ikozvino inosvika zvakadzika mumapapu ehutano hwemagariro evanhu, inokanganisa kukwanisa kwayo kufema, kuishandura uye neruzhinji iyo inoshumira kune chimiro chevakafa vanofamba.
Muchinyorwa chake, "The Atomization of Man," chakatanga kuburitswa muna Commentary musi waNdira 1, 1946, Leo Lowenthal anonyora nezve atomization yevanhu pasi pekutya kunosvika rudzi rwekuvandudzwa kwehugandanga hwefascist. Atomization yeLowenthal inoreva vanhu vanogara munharaunda yavanogurwa kubva munzvimbo dzenharaunda, vakaderedzwa kuva vamiririri vasina muviri vanotambura nekuzviparadzanisa uye kuzvikoshesa. Vakabatwa mutsika yemakwikwi akashata uye pfungwa inodzokororwa yekuzvisarudzira ivo pachavo, vanonzwa vasina simba uye vanowanzoita nguva dzekushora uye kupererwa. Kune avo vanoshaya chero pfungwa yekubatana, nzvimbo yesocial inonyungudika, isingasiyi chimwe chinhu kunze kwekusava nehanya kwekuzvifarira uye kuzviraramisa. Chinokosha kumamiriro avo ezvinhu ipfungwa yokusava nomusha, rudzi rwokusava nemidzi yomudzimu. Izvo Lowenthal anowana, kunyange mu1946, ndeyekuti demokarasi haigone kuvapo pasina dzidzo, zvematongerwo enyika uye tsika dzekugadzira uye masangano anoita kuti zviitike. Uye anonzwisisa kuti vanhu vane maatomu - vakarambana nenharaunda - havangotarisirwi nemasimba ekubvisa zvematongerwo enyika chete asiwo kune hunyengeri hwenhema nemweya wevapambi, hurukuro dzeruvengo uye dhimoni reumwe.
Isu tinorarama muzera rekufa-kusurukirwa, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye nemauto atomization. Kana iwe uchitenda pepanhau rakakurumbira, kusurukirwa kuri kusvika pamwero wedenda munharaunda dzakasimba dzemaindasitiri. Anowanzo fungira iinternet, iyo inoteedzera vanhu mukudziya kwekupenya kwekombuta uku vachisimbisa yavo yekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe uye pfungwa yekusurukirwa. Mafungiro e "shamwari" uye "vanoda" vanova mapoka asina hunhu umo vanhu vanonyangarika mugomba dema rezvivharo uye zvisina chinhu zviratidzo. Asi kupa mhosva padandemutande kuri nyore kwazvo kana munhu achigara munharaunda umo pfungwa dzekutsamirana, tsitsi, kuwirirana, kutarisira mumwe uye magariro zvinodzikisirwa neoliberal ethic umo kuzvida kunova musimboti wekuronga wehupenyu hwemunhu. Kurarama-kwe-the-fittest tsika iyi inobereka tsika inosimudzira kusava nehanya nenhamo yevamwe uye pakaipa inosimudzira tsika yakapararira yehutsinye uye kuzvidza varombo. Simba ikozvino riri mumaoko evakuru vezvemari vanodzora nzira dzekugadzira ruzivo, tsika uye ese makuru makuru emari.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mhirizhonga yave yakajairika sechikamu chekutaura kwezvematongerwo enyika, dzimwe nguva zvine njodzi kana zvisiri zvinouraya. Zvichikuchidzirwa neaimbove mutungamiri wenyika, chikwata chemauto chiri kukura muUS, uye vezvematongerwo enyika vari pamatunhu akakwirira ehurumende, kutyisidzira kwemhirizhonga kana kutyisidzirwa kwave kunangana nevadzidzisi, vezvematongerwo enyika, nhengo dzebhodhi rezvikoro, vashandi vemuraibhurari, vakuru vesarudzo, uye chero chero munhu inoshora nhema dzakarongwa uye pfungwa dzekurudyi dzinosimudzirwa neboka rakasiyana-siyana revachena vepamusoro-soro, neo-Nazis, maNativist, evangelical ane hasha, uye vamwe vanonyanyisa.
Hazvishamisi kuti kutyisidzira kukuru kwechisimba muUnited States maererano neFBI uye mamwe masangano ehurumende, ikozvino anobva kune vanonyanyisa. Semuenzaniso, saAmy Goodman naDenis Moynihan note: โMhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika iri kuwedzera ropa uye zvinoshungurudza muUnited States.โฆ Kubva pakakundwa VaTrump muna 2020, kutyisidzirwa nevakuru vesarudzo kwawedzera. Brennan Center for Justice yakapa mushumo muna 2021 iyo yakadzama mishumo kubva kumatunhu ese munyika, yekunetsana kwakawanda nekutyisidzira vashandi vesarudzo - vazhinji vane rusaruraganda uye anti-semitism. "
Kuchiva kwemasimba nevezvematongerwo enyika vane uori, makambani makuru uye vezvemari vanokwevera zvakananga kubva mubhuku rekutamba rezvematongerwo enyika efascist. Umberto Eco mune yake 1995 chinyorwa "Ur-Fascism," yakaburitswa mu New York Review of Books, akanga akarurama mukutaura kuti zvematongerwe enyika zvefascist zvinotora nzira dzakawanda, zvichitiyeuchidza kuti zvinhu zvinotevera zvinowanzouya zvakanyura muzviratidzo netsika dzenzanga dzinozvigamuchira. Ndaza yake yakafanira kududzira nokudonongodza pamusoro pe: 1) gamuchidzanwa rorudzidziso nechishuvo chemazuva iwayo apo varume vachena vane simba vaitonga nzanga; 2) kurambwa kwenyika yemazuva ano uye kutendeukira kune zvisina musoro; 3) yakadzika-yakadzika anti-intellectualism; 4) kutenda kuti kusawirirana kupi nekupi nesimba rakagadzwa kunosvika pakupandukira; 5) kutya kwekusiyana; 6) kukwidza kutya, kuzvidya mwoyo uye kusava nechokwadi 7) pfungwa yekuti ndiani akakodzera kuva mugari wehurumende inobva pane pfungwa yakakombwa yesangano uye chiziviso; 8) hunhu hwehurudzi hunogona kupa rudzi ruve nerudzi; 9) kuzvidza vasina simba; 10) kumbundirwa kwe hyper-masculinity inofananidzwa nekuzvidza uye kuzvidza vakadzi; 11) kusarudzwa kwepopulism umo pfungwa yekuva vagari venyika inongogumira kune vashoma vakasarudzwa - avo vane pfungwa yerudzi, yechitendero uye yezvematongerwe enyika; 12) kushandiswa kwemazwi eurombo, kuvenga chokwadi uye kubvundirwa pachena kwenhema; uye 13) kuparadzwa kwendangariro yenhoroondo uye kupupura kwetsika.
Ese hunhu uhu huri kushanda mune yakagadziridzwa fascist zvematongerwo enyika inotyaira yemazuvano Republican Party. Ivo havangopa chete kutyisidzira kunoramba kuripo kune hutongi hwemagariro, demokrasi, kuenzana uye rusununguko, asi zvakare vanopa mufananidzo wekare fascist - ingave yakafuridzirwa nekupondwa kwevanhu veMarudzi uye huranda muUnited States kana nhaka yeNazi Germany - inoita. zvakajeka kuti kuguma kwevanhu kunoratidzika sei. Kuratidzwa kwemisangano yeNazi kunobata kutyisa kwakafanana nemisangano yeRepublican iri kuitwa pamberi pesarudzo dza2022. Vezvematongerwo enyika kubva kuDoug Mastriano naKari Lake kuenda kuBlake Masters naJD Vance pakati pevamwe vanoburitsa manyepo, vachiramba zvakabuda musarudzo, vachiramba njodzi yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, vanorumbidza simba revakuru vezvemari uye dhimoni kodzero dzevakadzi kune ruzha rwemhomho yevanhu. Mutauro wavo wakazadzwa nemanyepo, muridzo wembwa dzerudzi, kubatwa nemadhimoni kweavo vavasingabvumirani navo, kumbundirwa kwekutaura kwekutya uye kudanwa kusingawanzo kunyengera kwechisimba, zvese mukushandira fascism inoshamisa.
Vanhu vakazviparadzanisa nevamwe havaumbe nzanga ine gutsaruzhinji ine utano. Mumutauro waMarx wedzidziso, kuparadzaniswa kuparadzaniswa nezvibereko zvebasa remunhu. Kunyangwe izvo zviri zvechokwadi kupfuura nakare kose, kupatsanurwa nekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe kwawedzera - kutonga hupenyu hwese hwemagariro munharaunda inotungamirwa nevatengi inotungamirwa nezvinodiwa zvekutengeserana uye mari yezvese. Kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, privatization uye inotonhora logic yehungwaru yakavakirwa pamusika-inotungamirwa fungidziro yekubudirira, kukosha uye kutengeserana kuchinjana kwakagadzira hurongwa hutsva hwemagariro uye kurongeka kwemagariro umo zvinova zvakaoma kuumba zvisungo zvemunharaunda, hukama hwakadzama, pfungwa yehukama uye. zvisungo zvenguva refu. Chekutanga kukuvadzwa kweudzvanyiriri ndevaya vanochipikisa. Muzera umo dzidzo pamativi akawanda yachinja kuva muchetura uye kudzvanyirira, zvichibva zvaita kuti mapoka makuru evanhu aite zvematongerwo enyika, zvematongerwo enyika zvashanduka zvinouraya uye masangano erudyi anotyisidzira kuparadza tsika nezvematongerwo enyika muUnited States.
Neoliberalism yakagadzira nzanga yezvikara izvo zvinorwadza uye kutambura zvinoonekwa sevaraidzo, hondo inoonekwa sehupenyu hwechigarire, rusaruraganda rwunogamuchirwa senheyo yekuronga yenzanga uye mauto anonangidzirwa sesimba rine simba guru rinoumba murume. Zvematongerwo enyika zvakatora kubuda kwehutsika uye nokudaro nyaya yemitengo yemagariro inorambwa kubva kune chero nzira yekupindira munyika. Aya ndiwo maitiro ekufungidzira ezvematongerwo enyika zombies. Izwi rakakosha pano nderekuti atomization, uye ndiko kutukwa kwevese neoliberal nzanga uye democracy pachayo. Neoliberal capitalism iko zvino yatora kutya kwevakaparadzaniswa, vanotya, vari vega uye vasina ruzivo rwekudira peturu pamoto werusaruraganda, ruvengo nerusarura.
Pamwoyo wemhando ipi neipi yezvematongerwo enyika inoda kupikisa kutiza iyi mune zvematongerwo enyika efascist haisi kungozivikanwa kwehupfumi hwekutonga, asiwo chimwe chinhu chakadzama. Ndiko kuti pane kudikanwa kwekutora zvakakomba izvo masimba epfungwa uye edzidzo anobatsira pakuvakwa kwezvimwe zvitupa, hunhu, hukama hwemagariro, kana zvakanyanya, agency pachayo. Pakati pekuzivikanwa kwakadaro ndeyekuti zvematongerwo enyika hazvigone kuvapo pasina vanhu vanoisa chimwe chinhu chavo pachavo muhurukuro, mifananidzo uye zvinomiririra zvinouya kwavari zuva nezuva. Panzvimbo pekutambudzika kwega, kukwezvwa mukupenga kwemanzwiro eruvengo, vanhu vanofanirwa kukwanisa kuziva - kuzviona ivo nehupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva - mukati mekushoropodza kunofambira mberi kwemaitiro aripo ehutongi, uye kuona kuti vangagadzirisa sei nyaya dzakadaro kwete ega asi pamwe chete. Iri idambudziko rakanyanya kuoma nhasi nekuti denda reatomization rinosimbiswa zuva nezuva kwete chete nekurongeka neoliberal kurwisa chero pfungwa inoshanda yemagariro, asiwo nehutongi uye hupfumi-hwakavakirwa tsika iyo inoroora yakaomesesa fungidziro yekubhururuka nendege. kubva mupfungwa ipi neipi yemutoro wemagariro netsika.
Zvishandiso zvetsika zvinodzorwa ne1 muzana ndiwo masimba edzidzo ane simba munzanga uye ave muchina wekubvisa - midziyo yekusaziva, upenzi uye hutsinye. Collective agency ikozvino yave atomized, haina kana kumbundiro inogoneka yesocial. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kutonga hakungodzvanyiriri kuburikidza nemidziyo yayo yekutyisidzira uye mhirizhonga, asiwo sekupokana kunoita Pierre Bourdieu kuburikidza neaya maitiro ehungwaru uye ekudzidzisa, "anorara parutivi rwekutenda nekunyengetedza." Vazhinji vanofambira mberi uye vamwe vari kuruboshwe vakatadza basa guru rekucherechedza chimiro chekudzidzisa chezvematongerwo enyika uye kupikisa rudzi urwu rwekutonga - kushanda kushandura pfungwa uye kuita kuti dzidzo ive pakati pezvematongerwo enyika pachayo.
Trump uye vabatsiri vake vezvematongerwo enyika, kusanganisira Elon Musk, vanovimba nevezvenhau semichina yekudzivirira uye injini dzemashoko asina kunaka nokuti vanowana zvose izvi; vanonzwisisa kuti nedzidzo inokurudzira kuongorora kwakadzama, kufunga uye kutonga zvine hungwaru kunouya mukana wemugari ane hunyanzvi anoda kuita kuti masimba azvidavirire achirwira kusimbisa democracy pachayo. Dzidzo yakakosha muvengi wedemagogue. Ivo havadi kushandura kuziva asi kuiomesa mukati memafashama ezvinovhundutsa, manzwiro uye zviri nyore izvo zvinoda kusafunga kana uchidzima ndangariro, kufunga uye nhaurirano dzakakomba. Kuna VaTrump nechirimo chavo chekusawirirana mune zvematongerwo enyika vari kukwikwidza musarudzo, kusadzidza ndiko kwakakosha pakusarudzwa.
Vatungamiriri veRepublican Party yemazuva ano vave kutaura kuti havana mhosva, sezvakataurwa naJames Baldwin, nekuzvivharira โmukati menhoroondo yavo.โ Pane kuti vasununguke pakubata kunopfungaira kwenhaka dzehumambo hwevachena, vazhinji vavo nevateveri vavo vakagamuchira chimiro chekukanganwa kwenhoroondo uye kudzima iyo inodzvinyirira nekunyorazve nhoroondo kuti ienderane nezvematongerwo enyika uye kutevedzera, pasina kukumbira ruregerero. nhoroondo dzefascist dzakapfuura. Kusava nemhosva kwave kuita zvinouraya sezvo zvinomiririra zvengano zvenhoroondo zvinongogadzira nzvimbo yevachena vanozviona mukati mehurukuro yevachena nyika, xenophobia uye hutsinye hwekuzvarwa, izvo zvese zvinovateya mukubata kwefascist zvematongerwo enyika.
Progressives uye kuruboshwe vakatadza kutora dambudziko riripo zvakanyanya nekushanda nesimba kugadzirisa zvimiro zvekufananidzira uye zvekudzidzisa zvekurwa. Zvese izvi zvinodikanwa kuitira kuti padiki pave nekuita kuti vanhu vakwanise kushandura matambudziko epachivande kuita nyaya dzakakura dzemagariro. Iri rekupedzisira rinogona kunge riri dambudziko guru rezvematongerwo enyika uye redzidzo rinotarisana nevaya vanoramba kubvuma kuti sarudzo dza2022 hadzisi chete dzeavo vanotenda mudemokrasi nevasingatendi, asiwo nezve mukana wekuti United States ishanduke kuita fascist. state. Kana sarudzo dzikasave referendamu yedemocracy, vanhu vekuAmerica vachafanira kutakura mutoro wekugara mumatunhu akawanda eGOP ayo anogara achiranga chero munhu asiri muchena muKristu werudzi, murungu mukuru kana mutsigiri wezvematongerwo enyika. .
Husiku hunotyisa hwekutora kwefascist hauchagari mumabasa enganonyorwa yedystopian - iri pano parizvino, ichishanda sengano inouraya inotsanangurwa nekuzvidza demokrasi uye kuzivisa kuparara kwezvematongerwo enyika. Kutyisidzirwa kwefascism haisisiri nyaya yekufungidzira. Yave kuda kuvhoterwa musarudzo inogona kutakura zvisingafungidzirwe kubva pakuva ngano inomutsa kuenda kuchokwadi chinoshungurudza.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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