Kupondwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva inyaya yakakomba. Hachisi chinhu chinokurumidza kukanganwika. Ibasa redu kukoshesa ndangariro dzavo.
- Mahatma Gandhi
Nhanganyaya: Hunhu Hwakarambana Nezvematongerwo enyika
Hondo inokonzera kushata uye zvikumbiro zvisina kujeka kutsika zvinotora nzvimbo kune zvematongerwo enyika zvakanyura muropa uye kuparadza.[1] Kazhinji kazhinji ndivo vasina mhosva zvikuru vanobhadhara mutengo. Muenzaniso wezvino uno uye unosuruvarisa rufu nechisimba zvakaitirwa vana vaIsraeri neGaza. Maererano neUnited Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, apo mhirizhonga yakatanga kuputika musi waOctober 7th neHamas's hutsinye uye kurwisa kunotyisa kwevarwi veIsrael nevanhuwo zvavo, 29 vana veIsrael vakaurayiwa.[2] Kuurayiwa kwevana vasina mhosva kwakaenderera mberi nenhamba dzinokurumidzira zvinoshamisa nemutemo weIsrael wekuranga vanhu vose. Pakazosvika November 26th, vana vanokatyamadza 5500 vePalestine vakanga vaurawa muGaza, vamwe 1800 vasipo, uye zviuru zvipfumbamwe zvakakuvadzwa.[3] Inenge hafu yevanhu vane mamiriyoni maviri nemazana matatu eGaza vana.
Kune vana vakaurayiwa muIsrael neGaza, nhoroondo haina kutanga muna Gumiguru 7th. Nhoroondo inojekesa kuti kusikwa kwemakuva evana kune nhaka yakarebesa uye yakadzika midzi mumutauro wehondo, mauto, kuvharirwa nechisimba, basa, kuvharirwa, uye mhirizhonga.[4] Mutauro unosundira parutivi kutaura uye kukosha kwechiremera chemunhu, mutoro wemagariro, tsitsi kune mumwe, uye democracy pachayo. Kupondwa kwevana muhondo kunofuratirwa apo kuremekedzwa kwomunhu kunotera kukudisa zvenyika nemichina yechisimba ine chisimba.
Mukati mehondo yazvino yeIsrael neHamas, mifananidzo yevana yakafukidzwa neropa, makumbo asipo, mitumbi yakabirwa upenyu inokanganwika pakati pekudanidzira kwechengeteko nokutsiva “kwakagadzirwa nokuchengetwa nendege nezvombo zvehondo.”[5] Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kuvana veGaza. Mumigariro yakadaro, ndangariro inokundikana, uye nhau haisati ichashanda senyevero nouchapupu hwetsika pamusoro poushati hwokubayira vana kuutsinye hwokuisa pamberi pehondo pamusoro porugare. Kana nhoroondo, tsika, uye ruremekedzo rwechiremerera chevanhu zvinopera mukuronga mhirizhonga, kunyanya maererano nekuuraiwa kwevana, kunyarara kunova zvose zviri zviviri chimiro chekunyengera uye chiwedzerwa chekusaziva nechisimba.[6] Kunyangwe neHamas kana Israeri, Uye kuuraya nekukuvadzwa kwevana kuchaenderera mberi, uye kunofanira kupiwa mhosva.
Sekutaura kwakaita Martin Luther King Jr. mukutaura kwake kwakakurumbira muna 1967 Riverside Church achishora Hondo yeVietnam, nguva dzemhirizhonga nehondo dzinoita kuti zvinyanye kukosha kubvunza mubvunzo wekuti ndiani achataurira vana.[7]Mashoko aMambo anoorora anokosha nhasi mukati mehondo yaIsraeri neHamas sezvaakanga akaita muna 1967. Kuna Mambo, mutoro wehana, ruramisiro, uye tsitsi unoda mufungo womutoro wenzanga unogonesa munhu “kutaura nokuda kwevasina simba; vasingatauri [uye] vana vanotambura uye vasingagoni kuzvibatsira.”[8]
Vana havana mhosva. Havagadziri mamiriro ezvinhu ehondo; uye havarwa nevamwe. Kufa kwevana vese mukurwisana uku kunosiririsa uye sekutaura kwakaita Judith Butler "Hakugone kuve nekusaenzana pano."[9] Tinganzwisisa sei hondo yeIsrael-Hamas panguva munhoroondo apo michina mikuru yerufu isingaite kuuraya vana chete, asi sekutaura kwakaita David Theo Goldberg, zviito zvakadaro "zvinofanorongerwa kubvuma kuti kune kumwe kuzvidzivirira. kodzero yokuuraya vanhukadzi, vana nevarume pose pose” kuitira kuti vachengetedzeke kuburikidza nemabhomba, matangi, ndege, uye kuuraya vanhuwo zvavo vasingasaruri.[10] Ehezve, kusimbaradza pamusoro pechengetedzo uye kutya handizvo chete nharo huru dzehondo asi dzakabatana nekuona kwaRebecca Gordon kuti "Hondo inogona kunge isina hutano kuvana nezvimwe zvipenyu, asi yakanakira indasitiri yezvombo."[11]
Nhau, hutsika uye zvematongerwo enyika zvingaitwe sei kuti zvipe mutauro wekupikisa zviito zvehutungamiriri hweHamas uye mutungamiriri weIsrael, Netanyahu. Iyi inyaya inonyanya kukosha, kunyanya maererano neNetanyahu ane hurongwa hwehondo hunoramba huri pamutemo mumashoko akajeka ehutongi hwekutaura kaviri "kukuvadza," "kudiwa kwemauto," "kuzvidzivirira," "nhoo dzevanhu," uye " masimba ehutsinye.” Sekuona kwaJason Stanely, kuuraiwa kwevanhuwo zvavo hakugone kurevererwa muzita rekuzvidzivirira nechero divi muhondo iyi. Chinofanira kubvumwa ndechokuti chishuvo cheIsraeri chokutsiva, pamwe chete nokushandisa kwayo simba kukuru kwechiuto paHamas, kunoita kuti kusagamuchirwe kururamisa idi rokuti iri “kuita kuuraya kukuru [kusingaenzaniswi] kwavagari vemo vasina mhaka, zvikurukuru vana.[12]
Mune izvi zvechisimba kunyangwe zvakanyanya asymmetrical ehondo muchina akaitwa neHamas nenyika yeIsrael, "kururamisira kwakaenzana nekusarongeka" uye kune vana vanobatwa mukurwiswa kukuru uku nemauto ekudzivirira eIsrael, hapana nyika yekutamba, kururamisira, kana mufaro. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanorarama munyika umo muine chokwadi chisingashivirirwi chokudeura ropa, kuparadzwa kwezvipatara nedzimba, uye musina upenyu hunopfuura mitemo yehondo yokutsiva.[13] Ndeipi imwe nzira yekutsanangura vana vadiki vaviri, mumwe wemakore gumi nemashanu uye mumwe wemakore 15, achiurayiwa nemauto eIsrael muWest Bank inobatwa? Zvinowedzera kuipa.
Chokwadi, tichifunga kuti pamusoro pe15,000 vagari vafa, vazhinji vavo vakadzi nevana, semhedzisiro yehondo yaNetanyahu yekutsiva, zvine musoro kuputsa runyararo nekubvunza kana huwandu hunoshamisa hwekuparadzwa nerufu muGaza "zvinowedzera kusvika mhinduro inonzwisisika kune kutyisa kweHamas yaGumiguru 7th kurwisa."[14] Judith Butler anoenderera mberi achiti kunanga vanhuwo zvavo, asi kunyanya vana, zvakaenzana nezvaanodaidza kuti "genocide seti yemitemo."[15] Mukutaura uku, anodzivirira kodzero yekushoropodza nyika yeIsrael nekutaura kuti "hazvisi antisemitic kushoropodza nyika yeIsrael kana nyika yeIsrael iri nyika inogarwa nekoloni iri kuita mhirizhonga yemhando inoshamisa. Mumwe anoramba kusaruramisira. Zvirokwazvo, somuJudha, unosungirwa kuramba kusaruramisira. Ungadai usiri muJudha akanaka kana usingarambi kusaruramisira. Kuva mukubatana nePalestine hazvireve hazvo kubvumirana nezvose zvakaitwa nemauto eHamas, asi kumira nevanhu vari kunangwa nenzira yekuparadza rudzi. "[16]
Nzvimbo dzinouraya dzerunyararo dzinoshungurudza nekuumba nhepfenyuro nedzimwe masangano edzidzo maererano nekutaura kwavo nezvehondo yeIsrael-Hamas. Chiuto chakabatanidzwa nesimba chinoburitsa kudzvinyirirwa kwenhoroondo, kupokana, uye kushinga kwevanhu. Chokwadi chinobairwa kuparaganda uye kushanda kwemuchina mukuru wekurasa uyo usina ndangariro, tsika, pfungwa yekururamisira, kana ramangwana. Kusvika kwechisimba uye rufu muIsrael neHamas kunotyisa mukushata kwayo uye yakanyatso kuziviswa munhau dzakanyanya uye mune mamwe maitiro etsika. Kushambadzwa kumwe cheteko hakupiwe kutambura kunowanikwa nevana nevagari vemuGaza kunoitwa nenyika yeIsrael, izvo zvinowana kuburitswa kushoma sezvo vezvenhau vachisimbisa huwandu hukuru hwenhoroondo nemagariro amnesia.
Tsika nematongerwe enyika zvinoratidzika kuva nemigumisiro isingakoshi kubva kuavo vanodaidzira rugare kumativi ose ari maviri erwisano. Zvakare, kugadziridzwa kwehunhu maererano nehutsinye hwakaitwa nevagari veIsrael kune kukanganisa zvematongerwo enyika nekuti zvinovharira "kusaenzana kwemasimba makuru, ayo anoumba dambudziko riripo."[17] Iyo isingabvumirwe asymmetry yesimba, mhirizhonga, uye kudzvanyirira munhau dzakanyanya kushanda kuvharisa nhaurirano ine zvibereko uye yechokwadi pakati pevaIsrael nePalestine maererano nenhoroondo, midzi, uye shanduko yehondo uye kucherechedzwa kwekutambura kwenguva refu kwevatorwa. Vanhu vePalestine. Zvakare, kusimbirira-kwedivi kune vakabatwa neIsrael kune njodzi yekupa izvo Noura Erakat anoti "rutsigiro rusina kupokana rwechiuto cheIsrael" uye mukuita izvi kunoisa pasi chero hurukuro yemhinduro inogona kuitika yezvematongerwo enyika kudambudziko retsika.[18]
Mutauro waNetanyahu wekubvisa vanhu unotsinhirwa mukutaura kwake kuti "Handife ndakabvumira nyika yePalestine….Tichaita kuti Gaza isazotyisidzira zvakare." [19] Uku kutaura kwakanyanyisa kunopa tarisiro yezviri kure-vezvematongerwo enyika calculus inotyaira kubhomba kukuru kweGaza uye mazinga anokatyamadza ekutambura kwaakakonzera. Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiJudha, Seth Anziska anoti mune imwe rondedzero muna Iyo New York Ongororo yeMabhuku kuti pane zvakawanda zviri kushanda pano kupfuura kuparadzwa kunorwadzisa uye kunooneka kwakakonzerwa nokupamba kwemauto eIsraeri. Anonyora kuti:
Nyanzvi Raz Segal yakadana kutsamwa kuri kubudiswa muGaza 'nyaya yemabhuku ekuuraya rudzi, nepo munyori wenhau dzakaitika Omer Bartov akanyevera kuti 'ngozi yekuuraya rudzi iri ipapo' - kushanduka kwemazwi kunokatyamadza kune isu tose takanzwisisa. izwi iri kuburikidza nezvakaitika kuEuropean Jewry muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Asi vanyori vePalestine neArab vakayambira kare pamusoro pekuedza kwazvino kwekubvisa vanhu vePalestine, sezvakaita vatsoropodzi vechiporofita mukati metsika dzemaJuda uye manzwi anopikisa mukati meIsrael pachayo. Nekuramba mhedzisiro yehunhu hwesimba rehurumende nehuchangamire, vatungamiriri veIsrael nevazhinji mukati menzanga yeIsrael — pamwe nevatsigiri vakasimba vari kunze kwenyika — vanoramba kubvuma kuti vanogona kuve vari vaviri vanyajambwa nevapari vemhosva.[20]
Kubata kwenguva refu kwehutongi hwemakoloni kudivi reIsrael kunongedza kudikanwa kwekupfuura hunhu kuongorora nekuramba zvematongerwo enyika, hukama hwemasimba, uye mamiriro akakonzera kunetsana kwazvino. Muchiitiko ichi, pane chido chekupfuura mutauro wekutongerwa tsika, iyo inodarika zvingareva kune zvose zvinopa kuchengetedzwa kweIsrael uye kusunungurwa uye rusununguko rwePalestine.[21] James Baldwin akataura zvine hungwaru kuti rusununguko rwezvematongerwo enyika pakupedzisira rwuri pamusoro pesimba pane tsika; iri pamusoro pesimba mubasa rekupikisa kwevanhu vose. Zvichitevera kurudziro yaFrederick Douglass yekuti "simba haribvumire chinhu pasina chinodiwa," akapokana kuti "Kuti simba rinzwe richityisidzirwa, rinofanira kuzviona riri pamberi perimwe simba - kana, zvakanyanya, simba - iro rinaro. hazvizivikanwi matsananguriro uye naizvozvo haazivi chaizvoizvo kudzora.” [22] Iri isimba rekutsoropodza kufunga, kudenha, uye kuramba.
Nhoroondo uye Mamiriro ezvinhu
Hondo yeIsrael-Hamas yakaona kushandiswa kwezvombo zvedzidzo sechikamu chechombo chikuru chekuparadzira uye kudzima. Kudanwa kupi zvako kwekuongorora nhoroondo uye kushanduka kwehukama hweIsrael-Palestine kunorambwa zvakanyanya nenyika zhinji dzekuMadokero, vezvematongerwo enyika, vezvematongerwo enyika, vezvenhau, social media, uye masangano edzidzo senzira yekupokana kana kukumbira ruregerero nekuda kwehutsinye hweHamas. zvechisimba. Zvakatonyanya kuomesesa ndezvekuti Hamas nevanhu vePalestine vanofanana. Muchiitiko ichi, Israel inoshandisa hugandanga hweHamas kuranga maPalestine ese. Sekupokana kunoita Fintan O'Toole mu New York Review of Books:
Iyi pfungwa yakagara yakasimbiswa inoenderera mberi muIsrael ikozvino. Avo vanoita mhosva dzehugandanga vanozivikanwa (sezvavanoda kuva) nevanhu vavanoti vanomiririra. Kuti vanhu vanobva vaderedzwa kuhutsinye hunoitwa muzita rayo uye vanofanirwa kubhadhara mutengo wehasha idzi. Murangariro unowedzera panguva imwe cheteyo kumira kwemagandanga uye unoderera kusvika pakusaoneka kwevamwe vanhuwo zvavo vari muboka rakapara mhosva. Ipfungwa yakashandiswa, nguva nenguva munhoroondo yose.[23]
Pakati pekutaura kuti zviito zveHamas zvinopa rondedzero chete yekunzwisisa hondo yeIsrael-Hamas kushora kune divi rimwe chete uko kunoda kuramba kunzwisisa ... uye kukanganisa [s] kugona kutonga."[24] Sokucherekedza kunoita Nicholas J. Davies, “Kusavapo muuyu murangariro kwave kuri kuzivikanwa kwenhau ipi neipi yakakutungamirira.”[25] Iyi rondedzero yekudzikisira zvakare inopa zvikonzero zviri nyore zvechisimba cheIsrael kuvana, vakadzi, uye vanhuwo zvavo. Izvo zvakakosha kuti chero ongororo yegakava reIsrael-Hamas rivepo uye rigadziriswe kuburikidza nenhoroondo uye midzi zvikonzero zvakaiumba; zvikasadaro, kutsvaka rugare kunoparadzwa mukudanidzira kwehondo kwehondo. Semuenzaniso, Tal Schneider akashuma mune Times of Israel kuti chero kushorwa kweHamas kwaizove kusina kukwana pasina kuita nhoroondo yekuti Netanyahu "akatora nzira yakakamura masimba pakati peGaza Strip neWest Bank-Kuunza Palestinian Authority Mahmoud Abbas pamabvi ake achiita mafambiro akatsigira boka remagandanga eHamas."[26] Mune mamwe mazwi, Netanyahu akaita basa rakasimba mukuunza Hamas pachigaro uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti vakaramba vachitonga Gaza.
Hazvina kukwana kungoshora chete mhirizhonga yakashata yeHamas sekutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Kushandura ziso rakakosha pamhirizhonga yakaitwa neIsrael paGaza kwakakosha, kunyanya panguva iyo mhirizhonga yakadaro inogona kunge iri kutyora mutemo wenyika dzakawanda, kunyanya kubva muna Gumiguru 7. Semuenzaniso, mabhomba eIsrael muGaza aisanganisira kurwisa kwemhepo kune mupoteri weJabalia. Kambi, iyo yakanzi neBritish-based watchdog Airwars yakakonzera "kufa kwenhengo dzemhuri dzakawanda, nhatu dzacho dzinonzi dzaisanganisira kutsakatika kwemhuri. Nhamba inofungidzirwa kuti yevanhuwo zvavo vakafa [ye] 126-136, inosanganisira[d] vana 69.”[27] Mukuwedzera, uye sokushuma kwakaita Brett Wilkins “vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 1.7—kana kuti inenge 70 muzana yevagari vomuGaza—vakadzingwa nechisimba muhondo iyo nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakadana kuti “kuparadza rudzi.”[28]
Kuenzanisa vese maPalestine neHamas inzira yekudyidzana kwepasi rose kweIslamophobia uye ruvengo. Panguva imwecheteyo, kudzikisira kwakafanana kunoshanda kuenzanisa mitemo yaNetanyahu yehutsinye yemumba neyekunze nemaJuda ese pamwechete. Mafungiro ekupedzisira ekupomera mhosva kunopa antisemitism. Chiri kushaikwa muakaundi ese ari maviri inzira dzakaomarara idzo dzinotyisa dzehondo dzinombundirwa nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzekurudyi, mapoka uye vanhu uye zvavanogovana mukutsigira kwavo mutemo waNetanyahu wekuranga pamwe chete. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, maJuda ese haagone kupihwa mhosva yekuparadza kwaNetanyahu kweGaza uye maPalestine haagone "kubatwa pamwe chete uye mumwe nemumwe ane mhosva yezviito zveHamas."[29]
Kuramba kubata mativi ese muhondo iyi kune zviyero zvemutemo wepasirese kutyorwa kwechiremera chemunhu, kururamisira, uye nheyo dzedemokrasi. Sezvo vanyori vakadai saAdam Tooze, Samuel Moyn, Amia Srinivasan, naNancy Fraser vakapokana, pane hurukuro shoma yekutyorwa kwemitemo yenyika muhurukuro iripo. Mhirizhonga inoitirwa veruzhinji nevana kumativi ese inofanira kushorwa pasi pemitemo yepasi rose. Kana vasipo, kuurayiwa kwevana hakuchave chinhu chisingafungidzike, inova hutsinye hunoramba husingaverengeki. Tooze Mony, Fraser, et. al. zvakakodzera kutaurwa. Vanonyora kuti:
Isu tinonetsekana kuti hapana kutaurwa kwekusimudzira mutemo wepasi rose, uyo unorambidzawo mhosva dzehondo uye mhosva dzinoitirwa vanhu sekurangwa pamwe chete, kutambudzwa, uye kuparadzwa kwezvivakwa zvevanhu zvinosanganisira zvikoro, zvipatara uye nzvimbo dzekunamatira. Kutungamirwa nemisimboti yemitemo yenyika dzepasi rose, kubatana uye kuremekedzwa kwevanhu kunotimanikidza kubata vese vatori vechikamu mukukonana kusvika pachiyero chepamusoro ichi. Hatingabvumiri kuti utsinye huchitimanikidzira kusiya nheyo idzi.
Israeri yakapinda mukubhomba kwakazara kweimwe yenzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda panyika; yakabhomba zvipatara, yakauraya vatori venhau, yakagura mvura, magetsi nezvokudya zvinokosha pakurarama kwevaPalestine vane mamiriyoni 2.3, ichibudisazve izvo masangano akawanda epasi pose nevatsinhiri vakadana nezvazviri se“guva rakazaruka.” [30] Pakati pekurwiswa kuripo nemauto eIsrael, “Munyori Mukuru weUN, António Guterres, akasimbisa kuti Gaza yakanga yava “guva revana.”[31] Mhirizhonga iri kuitirwa kuGaza ine nhoroondo refu uye kubata kuti nhoroondo yakakosha kune chero kunzwisisa kunogoneka kwekushandiswa kwetsika kwesimba uye hukama hwayo nemisimboti yekururamisira uye rusununguko. Kuparadza kusingagumi, kutambura uye hasha dzemhondi dziri pamidzi yehondo yeIsrael-Hamas uye dzakadzika munhoroondo inofanira kugadziriswa kana mubvunzo werunyararo nerusununguko uchitsiva maitiro ehondo anouraya. Judith Butler akarurama mukukakavara kuti chimiro chetsika chomunhu pahondo hachifaniri kutyisidzirwa nokudzidza pamusoro penhau. Anonyora kuti:
Hazvifanirwe kutyisidzira hunhu hwedu kuti titore nguva yekudzidza nezve nhoroondo yemhirizhonga yekoloni uye kuongorora mutauro, rondedzero nehurongwa hwave kushanda kuzivisa nekutsanangura - uye kududzira pachine nguva - zviri kuitika mudunhu rino. Rudzi irworwo rweruzivo rwakakosha, asi kwete nechinangwa chekurerutsa mhirizhonga iripo kana kubvumidza imwe mhirizhonga. Chinangwa chayo ndechekupa kunzwisisa kwechokwadi kwemamiriro ezvinhu pane kusapikiswa kuumbwa kwezvino chete kunogona kupa.[32]
Kudhimoni Mutauro uye Kudzvinyirirwa Kwekupokana
Chero kutaura pamusoro perunyararo pakati pemaJuda nemaPalestine uye zvazvinoreva kudzivirira kuurayiwa kunotyisa kwevana nevagari vemo kunofanirwa kugadzirisa kuti mutauro wakashandiswa sei mukukonana uku kuita madhimoni zvachose maPalestine nemapoka aya echiJuda nevanhu vanotaura nezvekupedza hondo uye. nokuda kwerusununguko rwePalestine. Vazhinji vezvenhau vemazuva ano vakashuma kana kupa nguva yekutaura kumutauro wekuzvidza, izvo zvinopa nzara yekurudyi yekutsiva, hondo, nemhirizhonga. Somuenzaniso, mukupindura kurwiswa kunotyisa kwakaitwa Hamas musi wa7 October, gurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika reIsrael, Yoav Gallant rakataura kuti “‘tiri kurwisana nemhuka dzevanhu uye tichaita maererano nazvo’.”[33] Wezvematongerwo enyika weIsrael, Moshe Feiglin, akadana Dresden paGaza, achitaura nezveHondo Yenyika II yekuputira moto muguta reGermany reDresden, kuuraya vamwe vanhu ve25,000. Paakabvunzwa nezvekuurayiwa kwevanhuwo zvavo vePalestine, "aichimbova mutungamiriri weIsrael Naftali Bennett akaudza mutori wenhau weSky News. 'Dambudziko rako nderei? Tiri kurwisana neNazi.’”[34]Mutungamiriri wehurumende Benjamin Netanyahu anoshandisa ashandisa mutauro woudhimoni, sezviri pachena mukutaura kwake kwokuti “Hamas ndiyo maNazi matsva” uye kuti hondo yokurwisana navo yaimirira “hondo yebudiriro yokurwisana noushati.[35] Mashoko aya haasi kungokanganisa kwehutsika uye kwehungwaru kune vatungamiri vezvematongerwo enyika, vanoshandisa mutauro uyu weabsolutist kuratidza chero munhu anotsoropodza nyika yeIsrael seyakaoma anti-Semites, kana vasiri magandanga vanobatana.
Kubva pakarwiswa neHamas, mutauro wekuparadza uye wekubvisa wasvika pakupisa. MuIsrael, yakawanda yacho inoburitswa nevakaomarara, verudyi vanonyanyisa mudenderedzwa rekutsigira raNetanyahu. Ishaan Tharoor, munyori we The Washington Post, inopa muenzaniso unokatyamadza weiyi hurukuro yokuderedza hunhu, masimba masimba, uye kuparadza dzinza. Anonyora kuti:
Funga nezvekutaura kweGurukota rezvekudzivirirwa kwenyika, VaItamar Ben Gvir, avo, vachikurudzira mhirizhonga muWest Bank, vakatiwo chero munhu anonzwira Hamas tsitsi anofanirwa "kubviswa." Kana avo vaAmihai Eliyahu, mubatanidzwa wekurudyi weNetanyahu uye Gurukota rezvenhaka reIsrael, avo vakati kudonhedza bhomba renyukireya paGaza ingave sarudzo. Kana kuti kudana kwakabva kuGalit Distel Atbaryan, munguva pfupi yapfuura (asi isisiri) mushumiri wezveruzivo waIsraeri, wokubvisa “Gaza yose panyika” ndokudzinga vaPalestine vayo nhapwa muEgipita.[36]
Mutauro wekubvisa hunhu kunyangwe uchibva kuIsrael kana Hamas unoshungurudza zvakanyanya. Vateveri veHamas vanodana vese veIsrael neo-Nazis vanobvisa chiremerera chevanhu nezvematongerwo enyika muhurukuro yeruvengo rusingaperi. Chinonyanya kukosha kugadzirisa ndechekuti simba mukukonana uku riri kudivi rekurudyi-bapiro reIsrael nyika ine propaganda yemuchina uye hurukuro yekubvisa humanization inotonga zvematongerwo enyika muUnited States uye mazhinji emarudzi ekuMadokero. Sezvakataurwa nenhamba yevadzidzi veHolocaust mu Iyo New York Ongororo yeMabhuku, kutaura kwakadaro kunokurudzira "nhoroondo dzerusarura pamusoro pePalestine ... kupatsanura [s] dambudziko iri razvino kubva muchirevo chakabuda [uye kubvisa] makore makumi manomwe neshanu ekutamiswa, makore makumi mashanu nematanhatu ekugara, uye makore gumi nematanhatu eGaza. blockade."[37] Pakupedzisira, mutauro woudhimoni nemhedziso, unowedzera “kupengereka kuri kuramba kuchiipa kwechisimba [uye] rondedzero umo “uipi” hunofanira kukurirwa nechisimba zvinongopfuuridzira bedzi mamiriro ezvinhu anodzvinyirira ayo atogara kure. kureba.”[38] Hakusi chete mutauro wakadaro, zvisinei kuti kwakabva kupi, unoita mhirizhonga musimboti wekuronga wekukurukurirana, asi unosimudzira hondo seyo chete mhinduro kune 70-year-old Israel-Palestinian gakava.
Semuyenzaniso, mwero wepamusoro wepro-Israel propaganda uye disinformation isimba rine simba mukuratidza maPalestine sevasingasviki vanhu, vasina kufanirwa neruremekedzo rwevanhu, uye vari pasi pekuumbwa kwerusaruraganda kunodzokorora pfungwa yekoloni. Humbowo hwuzere pamabatiro akaita hurukuro iyi muIsrael padanho repamusoro resimba. Somuenzaniso, gurukota rehurumende yeIsrael, Bezalel Smotrich (uyo anozviti mungochani anodada) akadana vanhu vokuPalestine soumhutu, achiwedzera kutaura kwake kwokunyomba nemashoko okuti “Ndiro dambudziko reumhutu. Ukarova mosquito ukarova maybe 99, inenge iri ye100, yausina kutsveta, inokuuraya. Mhinduro chaiyo ndeyekuomesa machakwi.”[39] Victor Grossman anoonesa kuti “Apo akabvunzwa kana ikoko kuchigona kureva kuparadza mhuri dzose dzine vakadzi navana, Smotrich akapindura, kuti: ‘Hondo ihondo.’”[40]
Mutauro wekubvisa hunhu unova zvese chivharo chekubatwa kwehutsinye kwevaPalestine uku uchipa kupukunyuka kuri nyore kubva pabasa rekudzidza kubva munhoroondo, kupa mamiriro akakwana ekunzwisisa mamiriro akatungamira kuhondo, uye nekushinga kurwira runyararo. Uyezve, mutauro wakadaro hauna kuganhurirwa kuvanyanyisi vorudyi, unewo simba rokuumba tsika dzakakurumbira, uchizadza mirangariro yechizvarwa chepwere dzine ruvengo rusaruraganda. Muchiitiko ichi, tsika yakakurumbira inogadzirisa mutemo wekuranga pamwe chete uye kutsamwa kwevanhu vose pasina miganhu, pasinei nekutambura kunoitwa. Imwe nzira yekutsanangura sei, hondo ichiri kuitika, chiitiko umo vhidhiyo yakaonekwa paIsrael state TV chiteshi Kan News umo vana vakaimba: "Mukati megore tichabvisa munhu wese…. Mune rimwe gore hapazovipo. Uye tichadzokera kudzimba dzedu zvakachengeteka…IDF inoyambuka muganhu kuti ibvise vatakuri veswastika…Tichavabvisa vese…[41] Indoctrination inokurudzirwa nekutaura kwekubvisa hunhu kunoburitsa zvematongerwo enyika zvekuraswa umo, mune iyi nyaya, hupenyu hwePalestine hunoonekwa sehusina maturo, hwakawandisa, uye hwakakodzera kuparadzwa. Inosimbisawo nekukurumidzisa kudzvinyirirwa kwevatsoropodzi vanodana, pamberi pekurwiswa kunoshamisa kweIsrael paGaza, nekuda kwerunyararo kana kumisa moto.[42]
Militarized McCarthyism
Kutaura nokuda kwevana vanotambura, vanodzvinyirirwa, vasina betsero, uye vasina mhaka avo vari kurwiswa nokuurawa noutsinye muiyi hondo kwazova kune ngozi zvikuru. Vanhu nemapoka muIsrael nekune dzimwe nyika vanopikisa hurongwa hwaNetanyahu hwekubvutwa kwePalestine, uye hutsinye hwevhu nemhepo, kana vanodaidzira kumisa-moto, vari pasi pemushandirapamwe wakapararira wekushungurudza, kuongororwa uye kusungwa. Marsha Gessen achinyora mukati New Yorker inoti kuti vanhu vari kusungwa muIsrael vachipomerwa mhosva yekukurudzira hugandanga kune zvigaro zvekuda kumisa moto. Anoti kushorwa kwehondo kunosangana “nekukanganisa kutaura, kunosanganisira kusungwa, kubvunzurudzwa nemapurisa, uye dzinonzi hurukuro dzekunyevera dzinoitwa neShabak, vezvekuchengetedzwa kwenyika.”[43] Israeri yapasisa mutemo unodzvinyirira unogonesa uye unobvumidza kushandiswa kwakawedzera kwekutarisa, censorship, uye kusungwa kwemanzwi anopikisa, kunyanya maPalestinian Jerusalemites, kunyangwe achikwanisa kushandiswa kurwisa vese vanopikisa muIsrael. Kunyora mukati +972 Magazini, Sophia Goodfriend anoratidza maitiro ekudzvinyirira emutemo. Anonyora kuti:
Musi waNovember 8, Knesset yakapasisa chigadziriso kuMutemo weCounterterrorism, kuunza mhosva itsva - "kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvegandanga" - inotakura chirango chikuru chegore rimwe mujeri. Vatsigiri vayo vanovimbisa kuti chiyero ichi chicharwisa "kupwanya pfungwa kunogona kuunza chishuwo kana chinangwa chekuita hugandanga," asi vatsigiri vekodzero dzevanhu uye nyanzvi dzezvemitemo vari kuzvitsanangura sekuda "kuranga pfungwa nemanzwiro" uye imwe yeanonyanya kupindira uye anodzvinyirira. matanho akambopasiswa neparamende yeIsrael. Sangano rekodzero dzevanhu muIsrael (ACRI) rakayambira kuti mutemo uyu hauna muenzaniso mune chero demokrasi kune imwe nzvimbo pasi rose.[44]
MuUnited States, kuedza kudzvinyirira kushorwa uye kushorwa kwehondo kwave kuri kukurumidza uye nehasha.[45] Pasi pemhosva yakakwira uye isina tsananguro yekuramba dzidziso dzakaoma, kwave nedanidziro yakapararira pakati pemayunivhesiti, nzvimbo dzebasa, uye munhau dzesocial kunyaradza vanopikisa vanodaidzira kuti kurwa kana kudzivirira kodzero dzePalestine.[46] Mamwe mayunivhesiti, anosanganisira Brandeis neColumbia, atora matanho ekudzvinyirira kuratidzira kwaIsraeri, uye akabvisa masangano evadzidzi akadai se -Students for Justice muPalestine zvitsauko. Ron DeSantis, gavhuna wemuFlorida anopandukira hurumende "akarayira zvikoro kuti zvibvise zvitsauko zvekambasi yeboka revadzidzi rinotsigira Palestine raanoti rinopindirana mukutsigira magandanga."[47] Mune dzimwe nyaya dzekudzvinyirirwa chaiko, vadzidzi vakadzingwa basa kana kutarisana nezvirango zvekuratidzira rusununguko rwePalestine. Pamusoro pezvo, vatapi venhau nevadzidzisi vakapokana kuti kusvika kwenzvimbo yeIsrael yekumisikidza uye masangano ehukama neveruzhinji kune simba zvekuti zvakabatsira mukuita kuti misangano mikuru ibviswe, kuburitswa uye kubvunzurudzwa kwenhau kudhonzwa, [uye kuti] rutsigiro rwePalestine rwakakoka a yakaparadzirwa, stochastic reprisal, yakaoma kusvika pakuti inogona, pasina kuwedzeredza, kufananidzwa ne'McCarthyite backlash'.[48] Kuita hutsinye, kudzora, kutyisidzira, uye kupara mhosva kwevanopokana vakawana simba guru mukudzikamisa kudana kweruramisiro uye rusununguko rwePalestine.
Uku kudzvanyirira kwakanyanya uku kunosundwawo nepesvedzero yemabhirioni ane simba-bapiro rekurudyi vanotungamira mafemu ezvemitemo ane mukurumbira, vachibvisa mabasa ekupa vadzidzi vezvemitemo vakasaina zvichemo zvekurwira kodzero dzePalestine. Imwe nyaya yakaita kuti nyika itariswe yakanangana naRyna Workman mudzidzi wepaNYU akarasikirwa nebasa rake pafemu yezvemitemo ine mukurumbira nekuda kwekupikisa kwake hondo.[49] Vapfumi nevane simba vakashandisawo kutonga kwavo pamusoro pezvinobudisa nhau zvakaita seFacebook, Instagram, uye X kuongorora nhoroondo dzepro-Palestine. Vatyisidzirawo kuti vachabvisa mari dzavanopa kumayunivhesiti ayo akatendera kuti vanhu vasingawirirane nehondo iitike pazvikoro zvavo. Boka rebhirioni rinotsigira mauto aNetanyahu rakadzingawo vanyori nevapepeti vaipikisa kurwisa kweIsrael paGaza. Izvi zvinosanganisirawo David Velasco, mupepeti-mukuru we Artforum, uyo akadzingwa naJay Penske, Mutungamiriri Mukuru wePenske Media Corporation, nokuda kwekudhinda tsamba yaaipikisa mutemo weIsrael wakapisa hondo yepasi.[50]
Tsika yehondo yaNetanyahu inobudirira muUS uye pakati penyika zhinji dzekuMadokero mukudzvinyirira kupokana. Pakati petsika dzechiuto ndiko kuputika kwemanzwi anopikisa kuitira kuti pave nekusaziva kwakanyatsotarisirwa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, hondo dzinorwiwa muzita rechengeteko, matsive, uye ruvengo zvinovamba kurwisana kworudzidziso. Maindasitiri etsika, masangano edzidzo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvetsika senge zvakajairwa magariro enhau zvinotungamirwa nevezvematongerwo enyika nevaridzi vemabhiriyoni nevatsigiri vavo kuti vagadzire hwaro hwezvematongerwo enyika, hwedzidzo, uye hwetsika kwete kungodzvanyirira kupokana asi kukanganisa kodzero dzakakosha kune chero demokrasi inoshanda.
mhedziso
Vana vave vari vaviri vanyajambwa uye vanyajambwa vasina mhaka muhondo yeIsrael-Hamas uye zviratidzo zvokutambura zvisina basa, rufu, uye kuparara kwetsika apo hondo nemichina yayo yechisimba inotonga zvematongerwe enyika. Hamas yakauraya vana makumi maviri nevapfumbamwe muna Gumiguru 7, 2023. Somugumisiro weIsrael airstrikes uye kuputika kwebhomba vana vanopfuura 5500 vePalestine vakaurayiwa kubva pakutanga kwehondo. Maererano neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose, mamiriyoni 1.7 evagari vomuGaza vane mamiriyoni 2.3 vakatamiswa, vazhinji vavo vari vana.[51] Sokucherekedza kunoita munyori wenhau dzeHolocaust Omer Bartov, ose ari maviri “mativi muhondo iyi akanangidzira ngwariro parufu nokubiwa kwavana vachigoverana mapikicha nemavhidhiyo evana soufakazi hwoutsinye hworumwe rutivi.”[52] Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti nyika yeIsrael yakauraya nhamba yakakura kwazvo yevana kupfuura Hamas.
Chii chinobatanidza vose Hamas neIsrael ndechokuti chisimba chinoitirwa vana chinoshandiswa sechigadziro chepamutemo uye kuenderera mberi kwehondo uye kufa nekutambura kuri kuitika kwevana, vakadzi, uye vanhuwo zvavo. Vana havana kungova vanyajambwa bedzi muiyi hondo, asi vakave vakashongedzerwawo kudanidzira kutsiva, kutsiva, uye chisimba, kumativi ose ari maviri ehondo.
Chokwadi basa remayunivhesiti rinofanirwa kuve rekupandukira munyika yatambudzwa nehudzvanyiriri huri kukura hwehudzvanyiriri. Nderipi rinofanira kuva basa revadzidzi, vakangwara, maartist, vadzidzisi, uye vamwe vanofambira mberi munguva yehondo inodyiswa neIslamophobia, antisemitism, uye mhirizhonga yakawanda? Hondo yeIsrael-Hamas yakadzika midzi munhoroondo yekolonialism, rusaruraganda stereotypes, uye tsika yekutya, uye iri munzvimbo yakakura yekumbundira kupenga kwechiuto. Mutauro, zvematongerwo enyika uye rusarura rune muchetura runozivisa hondo iyi runofanira kuratidzwa kuburikidza nenhoroondo yaro, uye kuedza kwehurumende dzine masimba akaita senyika yeIsrael kuvhara simba rekuongorora kwakadzama mukutsvaga kururamisira kwevanhu kunofanira kurambwa.
Masangano anovhara nzvimbo dzekudzivirira apo nhaurirano, gakava, nekutsinhana zvine ruzivo zvinogona kuitika, semuenzaniso, pakati pemaJuda nemaMuslim zvinofanirwa kupikiswa. Hunhu hunofanirwa kudzoserwa mune zvematongerwo enyika kuti ticherechedze nekushora kuuraiwa nekuremadzwa kwevana vasina mhosva nevanhuwo zvavo. Mitemo inotorera vanhu nyika yavo, inorambidza nhaurirano dzekuparadza, kudzika mutauro wemhosva pamwe chete, uye kuita dhimoni kuvanhu vese inofanirwa kupikiswa munzvimbo dzese dzeveruzhinji uye dzedzidzo umo hunhu hwekutaura kwakasununguka uye democracy inogona kubudirira uye kuburikidza ne kukura kwemasangano epasi anodaidzira runyararo, kuenzana nerusununguko.
Vedzidzo nevamwe vanofanirwa kusimudza mubvunzo nevadzidzi vavo uye neruzhinji rwevanhu kuti rugare, kuenzana kwechokwadi uye rusununguko zvingaratidzika sei mudunhu. Judith Butler anopa nzwisiso yakakosha mukugadzirisa iyi mibvunzo. Akakodzera kutaura kwenguva refu:
Ini ndinodemba mhirizhonga zvisina tsarukano panguva imwe chete ini, sevamwe vazhinji, ndinoda kuve chikamu chekufungidzira uye kurwira kuenzana kwechokwadi uye kururamisira mudunhu, rudzi rwunomanikidza mapoka akaita seHamas kunyangarika, basa kupera, uye zvimiro zvitsva zvorusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika nokururamisira zvichakura. Pasina kuenzana uye kururamisira, pasina kupera kwemhirizhonga yenyika inoitiswa nenyika, Israeri, iyo pachayo yakavambwa mumhirizhonga, hapana ramangwana rinogona kufungidzirwa, hapana ramangwana rerunyararo rwechokwadi - kwete, ndiko kuti, 'rugare' sechirevo che. normalization, zvinoreva kuchengetedza zvimiro zvekusaenzana, kusarurama uye rusarura panzvimbo. Asi ramangwana rakadaro harigone kuuya pasina kuramba wakasununguka kutaura, kutsanangura nekupikisa mhirizhonga yese, kusanganisira mhirizhonga yenyika yeIsrael mumhando dzayo dzese, uye kuzviita pasina kutya kudzorwa, kupara mhosva, kana kupomerwa zvehutsinye…. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, tinoda vananyanduri vedu nevaroti vedu, mapenzi asina kubatwa, rudzi runoziva kuronga.[53]
Kubviswa kwezvakaitika kare, kuenderera mberi kudzvinyirirwa kwekupokana, kuparara kwetsika, uye kumbundirwa kwehondo nehondo sezvo mitemo inotonga yezvematongerwo enyika yakabvisa vanhu vePalestine kubva muhurukuro yekubatana nekuremekedzwa kwevanhu. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kutambura kwenguva refu kwevanhu vePalestine kunodzimwa, kuderedzwa, kana kumiririrwa zvisiri izvo. Nekusiiwa kweakakosha mamiriro enhoroondo, hondo yeIsrael-Hamas inounzwa kuburikidza neyakakura propaganda midziyo inoda kutsiva, kurangwa pamwe chete, mauto, uye hondo. Kudzvinyirirwa kwekupokana maererano nerusununguko rwePalestine hakuna mhosva; inozvidza chiremera chavanhu, inonetesa zvinodikanwa zvehana, uye inotorera demokrasi ukoshi hupi nohupi. Inoshandawo kudzivirira mibvunzo isina kugadzikana nezve basa renyika yeIsrael, mhirizhonga yevagari, uye kuuraya vana. Adam Shatz anosimudza mumwe wemibvunzo ine hungwaru maererano nekupokana kunodzikisira kuzviti kweIsrael kune democracy. Anonyora kuti, “Nemashoko aAmira Hass, mutori wenhau weIsrael uyo akapedza makore akawanda achishuma kubva kuGaza, 'Gaza inomiririra kupokana kwepakati penyika yeIsrael - demokrasi kune vamwe, kutorera vamwe nyika; itsinga yedu yakafumurwa. VaIsraeri havati ‘endai kuhero,’ ivo vanoti, ‘endai kuGaza.’”[54]
Hondo yeIsrael-Hamas muenzaniso unotyisa wehondo yakapfuura ichizvimutsa mumutauro wechisimba nekudzinga uye inotyisidzira vanhu netarisiro yehondo isingaperi, iyo ine mukana wekupararira semoto wesango kuMiddle East. Zvinotaurwa nezvapfuura ndezvekuti sekugamuchirwa sekumisa-moto, hazvina kukwana. Israeri haigone kudzima kuramba kwePalestine uye kudanwa kwavo kurusununguko; uyewo maPalestine haakwanisi kubvisa nyika yeIsrael. Adam Shatz akarurama mukupokana kuti maJuda eIsrael nemaPalestine maArabu vakanamatirana, uye kuti mhinduro chete yezvematongerwo enyika ndeye "inoziva vese sevagari vakaenzana, uye inovabvumira kugara murunyararo nerusununguko, ingave mune imwechete demokrasi. , nyika mbiri, kana mubatanidzwa. Chero bedzi mhinduro iyi ichidziviswa, kuderera kunoramba kuchiitika, uye dambudziko rakakura, zvese zvakavimbiswa. ”
Tiri kurarama munguva yekutsinhira mashoko aMartin Luther King, Mwana apo “kunyarara kuri kutengesa.” Mukurwisana nokunyarara kwakadaro, iye akataura kuti pane kudikanwa kwechinjo yetsika, kurambwa kwemasimba anopindirana o“rusaruraganda, kunyanyodisa zvenyika nehondo.”[55] King zvaive pachena kuti hapana democracy pasina kupokana chaiko nesimba rakakosha. Kutaura munguva yehudzvanyiriri ndihwo hwaro hwekupikisa masimba ari pasi apa anopa simba, hupenyu, uye mweya kumichina yekuuraya uye nyika dzinovagamuchira. Hatina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekusimudza pfungwa kuitira kuti tiite zvinopesana nehudzvanyiriri muzita remutoro wemagariro, hunhu hwevanhu, uye kururamisira. Michelle Alexander akarurama mukutaura kuti tinofanira kutaura muzita revakadzvinyirirwa. Anonyora kuti:
Tinofanira kutaura. Apo vanodzvinyirirwa, varombo, vasina simba vanorwiswa, apo misha yavo inobiwa kana kuputswa, apo ivo vanomanikidzirwa kutama uye kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu asingatauriki, mumatorongo asina mhepo, uye mumisasa yechibharo, nguva dzose sevapoteri vari pasi pekugara, tinofanira kutaura. Isu tinofanirwa kutaura kana vana vechiJudha vauraiwa zvine hutsinye muzita rerusununguko, apo antisemitism neIslamophobia inotsvedza nepamusuwo wekuseri wenzvimbo dzinonzi dzinofambira mberi. Kana vana vePalestine vari mumisasa yevapoteri vanobhombwa nekuurayiwa, kana zvikoro nezvipatara nenzvimbo dzese dzakaparadzwa, tinofanira kutaura. Kana mutemo wepasi rose uchibatwa senge zano risina musoro, tinofanira kutaura. Hongu, zvingava zvakaoma. Hongu, tichaita zvikanganiso. Tiri vanhu. Uye hongu, tinogona kutya. Asi tinofanira kutaura. Hupenyu husingaverengeki uye kusunungurwa kwedu tese kunotsamira pakuti isu tiputse kunyarara kwedu.[56]
Dzidzo yepamusoro inogona kunge iri imwe yenzvimbo shoma dzasara uko nyaya dzakakosha dzinogona kuongororwa, kubatikana, uye zvichienderana nekuoma kwenhoroondo, kuongororwa kwakadzama, uye humbowo hwakakodzera. Inofanira kuva nzvimbo iyo vadzidzi vanopiwa ruzivo rwekuita zvisarudzo zvine ruzivo, kubata nezivo isingagadziki, uye kuita maitiro ekudzidzisa umo kutsvaga chokwadi kunofananidzwa nepfungwa yehutsika uye mutoro wemagariro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inofanira kunge iri nzvimbo iyo tsika dzekuva vagari vemunyika uye dzakakosha dzinofanira kubvumidzwa kutumbuka. Sezvakataurwa mutsamba yakasainwa nemapurofesa zana nemakumi mashanu epaYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, dzidzo munguva yenhamo inofanira kuramba kuedza kwekuongorora uye kuramba kutiza nyaya dzine gakava, kunyanya munguva yenhamo, hondo, uye kutambura kwevanhu vakawanda. Panzvimbo pokuramba kutaura nyaya dzakadai mukirasi, vakadana vadzidzisi kuti vave vazivi vakabatikana vanopa zvinhu zvakanakisisa zvedzidziso dzinotsoropodza. Vanonyora kuti:
Sevanyori vezvakaitika kare, tinochengetedza kuti pakati pezvipo zvedu kunharaunda yegutsaruzhinji uye nyika ine runyararo kudzidzisa vadzidzi hunyanzvi hwekuongorora maonero akasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nehumbowo, kubvunza kwakasimba, maitiro akanakisa ekudzidzisa, uye ongororo-yakaongororwa scholarship isina kukanganiswa kwekunze. uye dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Chokwadi, iyi ndiyo nheyo chaiyo yehunyanzvi hwedu hwese uye musimboti werusununguko rwedzidzo.[57]
Kana tikaramba takanyarara pamberi pehondo iyi uye tikaramba kuita mumwe nomumwe uye pamwe chete kuti tiipedze, vana vakawanda vachafa, uye mabhomba uye mhirizhonga inotsanangura zvematongerwo enyika ekodzero dzerusarura, antisemites, uye Islamophobes ichakunda. . Pasina nguva refu, denda nerima rezvamatongerwe enyika zvoudzvanyiriri zvichabvisa tariro ipi neipi iri muchipikirwa choutongi hwezvido zvevanhu hwakasimba nezvikumbiro zvorugare. Kupondwa kwehutsika kwevana muIsrael neGaza chimwe chedambudziko rakakura rinoshungurudza nguva yazvino: kubatanidzwa kwekolonialism uye neoliberal capitalism. Pasinei nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana aanoita mumativi akasiyana-siyana enyika, izvematongerwe enyika zvinonyadzisa zvemakaro, kuraswa, uye kuparadza. Kuvimbika kwaro hakusi kuchiremera chemunhu asi kune mibairo yehondo, hondo, mhirizhonga yenyika, kubviswa, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwevanopokana uye kurwira kwakawanda kwekutonga kwehupfumi nemagariro. Kutsikirira zvichemo zvezvimiro zvakadaro zveruramisiro hakusati kuchisirizve chinangwa chezvamatongerwe enyika; chinhu chinodiwa panguva iyo demokrasi pasi rose iri kunetseka kurarama.
Notes.
[1] Chris Hedges, Huipi Hukuru iHondo (New York: Nhau nomwe Press, 2022).
[2] Saranac Hale Spencer, “Dzimwe Dzevana Vakafa muHamas’ Oct. 7 Attack on Israel, Contrary to Online Claim,” Factcheck.org (November 16, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.factcheck.org/2023/11/dozens-of-children-died-in-hamas-oct-7-attack-on-israel-contrary-to-online-claim/
[3] Mohammed Haddad, "Njodzi yeZuva Revana reNyika: Gaza 5,500 hupenyu hwakarasika nekurwiswa kweIsrael," Aljazeera(November 20, 2023). Pamhepo:
[4] Panhoroondo yekunetsana kweIsrael nePalestine uye zvakaitwa kuGaza, ona Chris Hedges, "'Hapana Sanctuary': Hondo Yerefu yeIsrael paGaza. Scheer Post,” (Gumiguru 21, 2023). Pamhepo: https://scheerpost.com/2023/10/21/the-chris-hedges-report-no-sanctuary-israels-long-war-on-gaza/; onawo, Norman G. Finkelstein, Gaza: Inquest In It's Martyrdom (Oakland: Yunivhesiti yeCalifornia Press, 2018).
[5] Fintan O'Toole, "Hapana Endgame muGaza." Kuongorora kweNew York [Gumiguru 31, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/31/no-endgame-in-gaza
[6] Linda Dayan naMaya Lecker, "Maitiro eHaaretz Inoverenga Vakafa veIsrael Kubva Kurwiswa kwaGumiguru 7 Hamas," nyika (November 23, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-23/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-haaretz-is-counting-israels-dead-from-the-october-7-hamas-attack/0000018b-d42c-d423-affb-f7afe1a70000?lts=1701031597083
[7] Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. "Kunze kweVietnam: Nguva Yekuputsa Kunyarara," American Rhetoric (Yakabudiswa Kubvumbi 4, 1967). Pamhepo: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
[8] Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. "Kunze kweVietnam: Nguva Yekuputsa Kunyarara," American Rhetoric (Yakabudiswa Kubvumbi 4, 1967). Pamhepo: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
[9] Judith Butler, Iyo Radical Equality yeHupenyu, " Kuongorora kweBoston (Ndira 2020). https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/brandon-m-terry-butler-int/
[10] David Theo Goldberg, "Muzita redu rekubatana," Zvakashata (Chikunguru 15,2014). Pamhepo: https://truthout.org/articles/in-our-collective-name/
[11] Rebecca Gordon, "Inguva here (Kamwe Zvakare) yeKupandukira Kusina Kupandukira? Pakugumisa zviroto zvekutsiva muIsrael, Palestine nekumwewo," TomDispatch (Mbudzi 28, 2023). Pamhepo: https://mailchi.mp/tomdispatch/tomgram-rebecca-gordon-the-hamster-wheel-of-war?e=5101a5c41c
[12] Jason Stanley, "Hupenyu hwangu hwakatsanangurwa nekupondwa kwevanhu vechiJudha. Ndinotarisa Gaza ndichinetseka. " The Guardian [Mbudzi 11, 2023]. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2023/nov/11/my-life-has-been-defined-by-genocide-of-jewish-people-i-look-on-gaza-with-concern
[13] Fintan O'Toole, "Hapana Endgame muGaza." Kuongorora kweNew York [Gumiguru 31, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/31/no-endgame-in-gaza
[14] Thom Hartmann, "Rebecca Gordon, iyo Hamster Wheel yeHondo," TomDispatch (November 28, 2023). Pamhepo: https://mailchi.mp/tomdispatch/tomgram-rebecca-gordon-the-hamster-wheel-of-war?e=5101a5c41c
[15] Amy Goodman, "Palestinian Lives Matter Too: Mudzidzi wechiJudha Judith Butler Anoshora "Genocide" yeIsrael muGaza. Dememocracy Zvino [Gumiguru 26, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/26/judith_butler_ceasefire_gaza_israel
[16] Amy Goodman "Judith Butler paHamas, Kuranga kwakabatana kweIsrael kweGaza & Nei Biden Achifanira Kusundira Kumisa Kurwa." Dememocracy Zvino [Gumiguru 26, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/26/judith_butler_on_hamas_israels_collective
[17] Deborah Chasman naNoura Erakat, "Mhosva Dzakawanda" Kuongorora kweBoston [Gumiguru 13, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-crimes-are-plenty/.
[18] Deborah Chasman naNoura Erakat, "Mhosva Dzakawanda" Kuongorora kweBoston [Gumiguru 13, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-crimes-are-plenty/
[19] Yakanyorwa muAlon Pinkas, "Hondo yeIsrael-Gaza Inopinda Muchikamu Chitsva: Kuponesa Yakavanzika Netanyahu," nyika (November 23, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-30/ty-article/.premium/how-do-you-gaslight-an-entire-nation-ask-netanyahu/0000018c-1f93-db78-adcc-bfffdcbf0000
[20] Seth Anziska, "Ngatirege Kukurumidzira Kuparara Kwedu," Iyo New York Ongororo yeMabhuku, (Mbudzi 9, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/11/09/let-us-not-hurry-to-our-doom-israel-gaza/
[21] Ibid. Deborah Chasman naNoura Erakat.
[22] Yakanyorwa muna Blair McClendon, "Kuna James Baldwin, Kurwira Rusununguko rwevatema Kwaive Kurwira Democracy," Jacobin, [piri]
Pamhepo: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2021/06/james-baldwin-civil-rights-struggle-democracy
[23] Fintan O'Toole, "Vazhinji uye Vashoma." Kuongorora kweNew York [Gumiguru 21, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/21/the-many-and-the-few-israel-gaza/
[24] Judith Butler, "Compass of Mourning." London Review of Books [Gumiguru 19, 2023]. Pamhepo:https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n20/judith-butler/the-compass-of-mourning
[25] Nicolas JS Davies, "Mhosva dzeHondo yeIsrael uye Propaganda Tevera US Blueprint." Counter Punch [Mbudzi 16, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.counterpunch.org/2023/11/16/israeli-war-crimes-and-propaganda-follow-us-blueprint/
[26] Tal Schneider, "Kwemakore, Netanyahu akatsigira Hamas. Ikozvino yaputika kumeso kwedu,” Times of Israel(Gumiguru 8, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-years-netanyahu-propped-up-hamas-now-its-blown-up-in-our-faces/; Adam Raz, "Nhoroondo Pfupi yeNetanyahu-Hamas Alliance," nyika (October 20, 2023). Online: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-20/ty-article-opinion/.premium/a-brief-history-of-the-netanyahu-hamas-alliance/0000018b-47d9-d242-abef-57ff1be90000
[27] Jessica Corbett, "Probe Inoratidza 126+ Veruzhinji Vakaurayiwa neIsrael Airstrike Vakananga 'Guy Mumwe chete'." Nharo Dzose [Mbudzi 16, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.commondreams.org/news/israel-bomb-refugee-camp-
[28] Brett Wikins, "Yakawedzera Israel Airstrikes Push Gaza Rufu Kupfuura 13,000," C.ommonDreams (November 19, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.commondreams.org/news/jabalia-
[29] Rowan Wolf, Chinyorwa cheMupepeti, "Kufunga Kusingawanzo (Mbudzi 28, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.uncommonthought.com/mtblog/archives/2023/11/28/authoritarianism-anti-jewish-racism-and-the-israel-hamas-war-an-open-letter-to-the-left.php
[30] Adam Shatz, "Kutsiva Pathologies." London Review of Books [Gumiguru 19, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies
[31] Steve Coll, "Kutora-Kutora uye Kushandiswa Kwevana uye Vanotambura muHondo." The New Yorker [Mbudzi 15, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/hostage-taking-and-the-use-of-children-and-the-vulnerable-in-war
[32] Ibid. Judith Butler, "Compass of Mourning."
[33] Yakanyorwa muna Fintan O'Toole, "Asina Ziso muGaza." Kuongorora kweNew York [Gumiguru 10, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/10/10/eyeless-in-gaza/
[34] Adam Shatz, "Kutsiva Pathologies." London Review of Books [Gumiguru 19, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies
[35] Lazar Berman, Netanyahu kumutungamiri wechiDutch: Hondo iyi ibudiriro nehutsinye,” The Times of Israel (Gumiguru 23, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-to-dutch-leader-this-war-is-civilization-vs-barbarism/
[36] Ishaan Tharoor, "Kodzero yeIsrael haingotarisiri kukunda muGaza chete, asiwo nekukunda." The Washington Post[Mbudzi 17, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/11/17/israel-government-right-gaza-endgame-conquest/
[37] Omer Bartov, Christopher R. Browning, Jane Caplan, Deborah Dwork, Michael Rothberg, et al., “Tsamba Yakazaruka pamusoro peKusashandiswa Kwechirangaridzo cheHolocaust,” Iyo New York Ongororo yeMabhuku (November 20, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.nybooks.com/online/2023/11/20/an-open-letter-on-the-misuse-of-holocaust-memory/
[38] Ibid.
[39] Victor Grossman '"Gaza uye Nyika," Berlin Bulletin Nhamba 216 (Mbudzi 3, 2023). Pamhepo: https://victorgrossmansberlinbulletin.wordpress.com/2023/11/01/gaza-and-the-world/
[40] Ibid. Grossman.
[41] Ona Sophia Khatsenkova, "Chokwadi-cheki: Vana veIsrael vakanyatsoimba nezve 'kuparadza munhu wese muGaza'?" Euronews (November 27, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2023/11/27/fact-check-did-israeli-children-really-sing-about-annihilating-everyone-in-gaza
[42] Ona, semuenzaniso, Radhika Sainath, "Iyo Yemahara Yekutaura Kunze." Kuongorora kweBoston [Gumiguru 30, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.bostonreview.net/articles/the-free-speech-exception/;Tyler Walicek, "Kutsigira MaPalestine Kwave Kwave Kupomerwa Mhosva, Anoyambira Dzidzo." Zvakashata [Mbudzi 2, 2023]. Online: https://truthout.org/articles/advocacy-for-palestinians-has-been-outright-criminalized-warns-academic.
[43] Masha Gessen, "Mukati meIsrael Crackdown pakutaura." The New Yorker [Mbudzi 8, 2023]. Pamhepo:https://www.newyorker.com/news/annals-of-human-rights/inside-the-israeli-crackdown-on-speech
[44] Sophia Goodfriend, "mutemo weIsrael 'wemapurisa ekufunga' unokwidza njodzi kune vashandisi vePalestine social media," +972 Magazini (November 24, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.972mag.com/israel-thought-police-surveillance-palestinians/
[45] Ona, semuenzaniso, Chris Hedges, "Maitiro akasviba ekudzivirira maZionist achipokana nemanzwi anotsigira Palestine," Iyo Yechokwadi Nhau Network (Mbudzi 27, 2023). Pamhepo: https://therealnews.com/the-dirty-tactics-of-zionist-censorship-against-pro-palestine-voices
[46] Tyler Walicek, "Kutsigira MaPalestine Kwave Kupomerwa Mhosva, Anoyambira Dzidzo." Zvakashata [Mbudzi 2, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://truthout.org/articles/advocacy-for-palestinians-has-been-outright-criminalized-warns-academic/
[47] Divya Kumar, Ian Hodgson, "Florida inoraira boka revadzidzi vePalestine kubva kumayunivhesiti ayo." Tampa Bay Times [Gumiguru 26, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.tampabay.com/news/education/2023/10/25/florida-orders-pro-palestinian-student-group-off-its-university-campuses/
[48] Ibid. Tyler Walicek.
[49] Amy Goodman, "Kusarudzika kwePalestine kune Kusununguka Kutaura: Censorship, Kushungurudzwa Kunowedzera paCampus Amid Gaza War." Dememocracy Zvino [Gumiguru 27, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/10/27/palestine_legal_campus_censorship_ryna_workman
[50] Alex N. Press, "Mupepeti weArtforum Achangobva Kurohwa Mushure meKudhinda Tsamba Inopikisa Kurwiswa kweIsrael paGaza." Jacobin [Gumiguru 27, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://jacobin.com/2023/10/artforum-editor-david-velasco-jay-penske-media-israel-assault-gaza-letter
[51] Yara Bayoumy, Samar Abu Elouf naIyad Abuheweila, "Kutya, Kunyadziswa uye Kupererwa: MaGazans Anotungamira Maodzanyemba Anotyisa," New York Times (Mbudzi 28, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/28/world/middleeast/gaza-evacuation-israel.html
[52] Omer Bartov, "Muhondo yeIsrael-Hamas, vana ndivo vekupedzisira pawn - uye vanopedzisira vabatwa," The Conversation(Mbudzi 28, 2023). Pamhepo: https://theconversation.com/in-the-israel-hamas-war-children-are-the-ultimate-pawns-and-ultimate-victims-216411
[53] Judith Butler, "Compass of Mourning." London Review of Books [Gumiguru 19, 2023]. Pamhepo:https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n20/judith-butler/the-compass-of-mourning
[54] Adam Shatz, "Kutsiva Pathologies." London Review of Books [Gumiguru 19, 2023]. Pamhepo: https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies
[55] Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. "Kunze kweVietnam: Nguva Yokuputsa Kunyarara," American Rhetoric (Yakanunurwa Kubvumbi 4, 1967). Pamhepo: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/mlkatimetobreaksilence.htm
[56] Michelle Alexander, "'Mitemo yehana': paIsrael, Gaza, MLK & Kutaura Kunze Munguva Yehondo," Dememocracy Zvino (Mbudzi 24, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.democracynow.org/2023/11/24/the_mandates_of_conscience_michelle_alexander
[57] Eric Levenson, "Vaporofesa veYunivhesiti yeCalifornia vanosundidzira kumashure kudanwa kwemutungamiri weUC yenhoroondo ye"maonero-asina kwaakarerekera" yeMiddle East," CNN.Com (Mbudzi 30, 2023). Pamhepo: https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/30/us/university-california-israel-gaza/index.html
Henry A. Giroux parizvino ane McMaster University Chair yeScholarship muPublic Interest muChirungu neCultural Studies department uye ndiPaulo Freire Distinguished Scholar muCritical Pedagogy. Mabhuku ake achangoburwa ndeaya America's Education Deficit uye Hondo yeVechidiki (Mwedzi Wongororo Press, 2013), Hondo yeNeoliberalism paDzidzo yepamusoro (Haymarket Press, 2014), Veruzhinji Munjodzi: Trump uye Menace yeAmerican Authoritarianism (Routledge, 2018), uye American Nightmare: Kutarisana Nedambudziko reFascism (City Lights, 2018), On Critical Pedagogy, 2nd edition (Bloomsbury), uye Race, Politics, uye Pandemic Pedagogy: Dzidzo Munguva Yematambudziko (Bloomsbury 2021). Webhusaiti yake ndeye www. henryagiroux.com.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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Wadiwa Henry Giroux,
Mwari vakukomborere! Ndakatevera basa renyu (ndinokopa uye ndinoongorora mabhuku enyanzvi mune dzidzo) kwemakumi emakore uye zvinoita sechishamiso kuti ‘makachengeta kutenda’ uye kutosimbisa kuzvipira kwenyu pachena kururamisiro. Iwe hausi izvo chete izvo John Dewey angave akakurira dai anga ari mudiki, iwe uri mugari wenhaka wechokwadi kuna ML King naFireire zvakare. Zvinotyisa (asi zvinofanotaurwa) tsitsi kuti izwi rako rakajeka rine shungu rakavharirwa mu 'mainstream'. Inhamo huru yenguva yedu kuti manzwi akaita seako nemamwe mashoma anoita seari kuchema murenje rezvinowanikwa kuvanhuwo zvavo. Zvinotyisa zvekuti hatigone kudzivirira kuti ndezvipi zvinotyisa zvichaitika.