Zvematongerwo enyika neTsika dzeHutsinye
Hutsinye hwakagara huine nzvimbo yakakosha mune zvematongerwo enyika efascist. Harina kungobatanidza nhauro yoruvengo, rusaruro, uye kudzora, rakavambawo muitiro wesimba routsinye kuti ribvise pfungwa idzodzo, vashori, uye vanhu vanorangarirwa sevasina kukodzera. Nhaka dzefascism muHitler's Germany, Pinochet's Chile, Franco's Spain, uye Mussolini's Italy, pakati pevamwe, vakavhenganisa mutauro wekutya, kutya, nekuzvidza nemaitiro akapararira ekudzvinyirira uye kudzvinyirira simba rehurumende kuitira kubvisa chero chakarurama. pfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika uye mamiriro ezvimiro uye ideological mukana wekusimudzira nharaunda uye democracy.
Pasi pehutongi hwechiFascist, zvisinei nekusiyana, hutsinye uye kushandurwa kwayo kuita mhirizhonga yakanyanyisa zvakatora musimboti wehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Hutsinye semhando yemhirizhonga yakanyanyisa hwakagadzirwa muhukama hwekutonga uye kutengeswa mukutya, kusachengeteka, huori, kumanikidzwa kuchengetedzeka, uye kugadzira izvo Etienne Balibar anodana "nzvimbo dzerufu." Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, zvematongerwo enyika nechisimba zvakapindirana, uye mukuita kudaro zvakashandura zvisaririra zvemagariro evanhu kuva mamiriro ekuranga. Zvematongerwo enyika zvechiFascist zvaimiririra hondo yairwirwa kwete chete nedemocracy, asi ichipokana nechibvumirano chemagariro evanhu, zvinhu zveveruzhinji, uye zvisungo zvese zvemagariro zvakadzika midzi mu "mafambiro erusununguko ane chinangwa chekushandura zvimiro zvekutonga." Kugarisana kwevanhu hakuperi mumamiriro ezvinhu aya asi kunongobviswa kubva kuhutongi hwehutongi uye kuzviisa pasi pekushanda kwemari.
Hutongi hwechiFascist hadzina kungobvisa zvematongerwo enyika chero zvazvinoreva, dzakaisundira kukuparadzwa kwayo, kuchidzikisira kurudzi rweutsinye. Tichitarisa kumashure, hutongi hwechiFascist hwakaita kuti tsika yekuomarara uye hutsinye huve pakati pezvematongerwo enyika- zvematongerwo enyika zvaityisa nharaunda yese, ichishanda semuchina wekuparadza waparadza tsika dzevagari, chero pfungwa inogoneka yekubatanidzwa mugari, uye kufunga kwakadzama. Mufaro mukusuwa uye kutambura kwevamwe waive wakajairika sechikamu chehondo yakafararira pamusoro pemitoro yemagariro uye masangano akakosha, kugadzira mamiriro anodiwa mukukunda kwekusaziva, kusanzwisisa, uye kubvumidzwa kwezvandinodaidza zvematongerwo enyika zvekuraswa.[6]Kubatanidzwa kwemhirizhonga nezvematongerwo enyika kwakapfuura kuyedza miganhu yedemocracy uye kururamisira kwevanhu, kwakasundirawo pamiganhu yezvisingafungidzirwe uye zvisingafungidzirwe. Sezvo chivharo chekushivirira veruzhinji uye kururamisira munharaunda chanyangarika, imwe nzira yehudzvinyiriri yakabuda umo mapoka akaiswa chiratidzo chekusabatanidzwa, kusiiwa munharaunda, uye mune yakaipisisa mamiriro, kuparadzwa. Imwe mhedzisiro yekumbundirwa kwehutsinye hwetsika nehurumende dzechiFascist yaive iyo iyo French Philosopher Etienne Balibar anodana "kugadzirwa kwekubvisa." Akakodzera kutaura kwenguva refu:
Mukutarisana nekuwanda kwemhedzisiro yemhando dzakasiyana dzemhirizhonga yakanyanyisa kana hutsinye inoratidzwa mune yandakadaidza kuti "nzvimbo dzerufu" dzevanhu, tinotungamirwa kubvuma kuti ikozvino nzira yekugadzira uye kubereka yave nzira yekugadzira. kubviswa, kuberekana kwehuwandu hwevanhu husingazogone kushandiswa zvine pundutso kana kushandiswa asi hunogara husina kusimba, uye nekudaro hunogona kubviswa chete kuburikidza ne "zvamatongerwe enyika" kana "zvakasikwa" -izvo dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu dzeLatin America dzinodenha kuti poblacion chatarra, " vanhu vanorasa marara,โ kuโraswaโ kure, kunze kweguta renyika yose. Kana izvi zviri izvo, mubvunzo unomuka zvakare: chii chiri chikonzero cheizvozvo? Kana kuti tinotarisana nokukunda kwakakwana kwokusafunga here?
Tsika dzehutsinye dzine nhoroondo refu muUnited States. Adam Serwer, achinyora mukati The Atlantic, inotiyeuchidza nezvemabhuku ehutsinye anoratidzwa muMuseum yeAfrican American History and Culture. Anonongedza kuzvigadzirwa zvehutsinye zvinosanganisira macheni evaranda anopfekwa nevana, miviri yakachekwa yevarume vatema, uye mapikicha evachena vainyemwerera vakafarira zvikuru kurwadziswa kwemitumbi iyi yaionekwa seyasina kukosha, isingakoshi, uye zvinhu zvinoshorwa nerudzi. Mune imwe nguva yazvino, tine mienzaniso yemitumbi yakapambwa, yakashungurudzwa, uye yakasungwa mumakomba matema nekutonga kweBush. Hongu, zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti mutungamiri weTrump akaita hutsinye hutsika hwepakati mukubata kwayo nevanoenda kune dzimwe nyika, vanhu vemavara, nekuparadzanisa vana pamuganhu kubva kuvabereki vavo. Chiitiko chekupedzisira muhutsinye husina kukodzera, chinopfekwa sebheji rerukudzo, chinobva kune akati wandei magavhuna eGOP, kunyanya Ron DeSantis weFlorida, vari kurwisa vana vanotapukira, vachishandisa vanoenda kune dzimwe nyika semapato ezvematongerwo enyika, uye kumutsiridza tsika yehutongi hwevachena. .
Hutongi hwaTrump hwakagadzirawo huwandu hwemitemo yaifarira kushushikana kwevamwe kuri pachena mukuchekwa kwemambure ekuchengetedza uye zvirongwa zvaisanganisira kutsigirwa kweHabitat for Humanity, vasina pekugara, chirongwa chekudya pamavhiri, rubatsiro rwesimba kune varombo, zviri pamutemo. rubatsiro, uye huwandu hwezvirongwa zvekurwisa urombo. Nekupinza mhirizhonga mune zvematongerwo enyika, vachiibvisa kubva kumahombekombe kuenda pakati pemasimba, VaTrump nevateveri vake vakasimudzira kudzika kweUS muhubharu. Mhirizhonga ikozvino yakadzika midzi mutsika dzeAmerica zvekuti zvinoita sekunge dzakagadziriswa. Zvinoenderana nedata kubva kuGun Violence Archive, kwave nekupfura mazana matanhatu ekupfura pagore muUS kubva 600. Kupfura kwevanhu vakawanda ikozvino kunoitika zuva nezuva uye hazvibvumirwe, uye kana zvikacherechedzwa, zvinenge zviri zvemunhu, zvakaderedzwa. kuongorora hupenyu hwevapari vemhosva nevakabatwa. Zvikuru zvehurongwa zvinokonzera mhirizhonga hazvisisiri chikamu chekuongorora. Mhirizhonga yava kuita zvechimbichimbi uye isina mufungo zvekuti haichadi kuti tifungisise pamusoro pezvinokonzera kana migumisiro yacho. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya maererano nemhirizhonga, yekufananidzira uye chaiyo, inoitwa muzita rehukuru hwevachena neRepublican Party ine rusaruraganda uye nehutongi. Chisimba, seizvo Jonathan Schell akadeya kucherekedza, โchakawana nzvimbo yakatsiga pamwe chete nokutenda kunokura musimba sechigadzikiso chechinenge chinetso chipi nechipi, mungava pamba kana kuti kunze kwenyika. Kuda kuuraya chiratidzo chisingarambiki choutsinye.โ
Kashoma uku kudzika kwazvino mutsika yehutsinye yakabatana nenhaka yefascism uye yakagadziridzwa vhezheni yehutongi hwehutungamiriri kana chandakadaidza neoliberal fascism. Chii chitsva munguva yazvino yenhoroondo ndeyekuonekwa uye kujairana kwemhirizhonga yakanyanyisa uye hutsinye-kuonekwa kunogadzirwa musocial media, kuburitswa kwenhau, uye mune zvese zveindasitiri yevaraidzo. Mhirizhonga yave chikamu chemaitiro uye maitiro emitambo yezvematongerwo enyika inodzokera kumubatanidzwa wefascist weaesthetics muchiratidziro chinotyisa chemhirizhonga uye auras yakasimba uye kuratidzwa kwehutsinye. Mhirizhonga yava apocalyptic uye inoshamisa. Theatre yehutsinye nechisimba zvino inoshanda kukubatanidza simba, kuputsa zvisungo zvekubatana, uye kugadzira tsika yehutongi hwevachena uye yekunyanyisa kwechiKristu.
Zvipoko zvefascism zvadzoka.
Nekuonekwazve kwefascism, democracy inoshanduka kuita seyakasviba uye yakasviba, uye vanhu vekuAmerica vakatarisana nedenda rezvematongerwo enyika rakazara neruvengo nezvematongerwo enyika zvinouraya uye zviri kuwedzera zvekurasa - zvematongerwo enyika umo vamwe vanhu nemapoka vanoonekwa sevasiri vanhu, vanobatwa. sekunyanyisa uye tsvina yevanhu, inoratidzwa sezvisina huso, zvisingakodzeri, uye zviratidzo zvekutya, zvirwere, zvisingagadzirike, uye zvisingakodzeri kodzero nechiremera chevanhu. Kana hunhu hwefascism hwaparadzaniswa uye hukabviswa munhoroondo, hapana ongororo pano yehukama hwesimba rehurongwa, hapana kupindirana, kana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti zvematongerwo enyika echifashisti ari kubuda chikamu chekuumbwa kutsva kwakazara kunopinda chikamu chese chehurongwa hwemagariro. Kutevera basa raAdorno naHorkheimer, hapana nzira yakazara yekubvunza; ndiko kuti, hapana ongororo yakadzikama inofamba kupfuura kutarisa kune dzakakosha nyaya, matambudziko ega, uye zviitiko zvega-sekubvisa kurwiswa kwechisimba kwemurume waNancy Pelosi kubva kutsika yakakura yechisimba inopa mamiriro ekuti zviitiko zvakadaro zviitike. . Kana ongororo yakazara inoenderana nemhirizhonga yakadai nekupomerwa kwegangster capitalism zvakazara. Zvakasara ndezvekutaura kwega uye kusabatanidzwa kwehudzvanyiriri, mafambiro emagariro asina hukama, uye nzira dzakatetepa dzekuongorora dzakabatwa nenzira inoremadza uye inomisa yekubvunza. Nzira dzakadai dzakadimburwa uye dzakatsemuka dzinodzivirira uye dzinowanzoramba kuongorora kuti nguva iripo yenhoroondo inotakura sei huremu hwenhoroondo, inoda hurongwa hwematongerwe enyika hwakakura, uye inoda kuumba maturusi edzidziso uye ezvematongerwo enyika akakosha kuramba uye kuparadza kutyisidzira kweramangwana refascist. Matambudziko enguva yedu ari kuwedzera akajairwa nekuramba kwevazivi, vadzidzi, pundits, uye akasiyana media mapuratifomu kuti ape chero yakazara nhoroondo yekugadzira akakosha mazwi uye analytics yekunzwisisa kuti matambudziko makuru emagariro anodyidzana sei, maonerwo aanoitwa. muhukama kune dzimwe nzira dzekudzvinyirirwa, uye kuti dzinopindirana nekusimbisana sei, uye kuti rudzi urwu rwekutyisa runorevei panguva ino neramangwana.
Neoliberalism sechikamu cheGangster Capitalism
Munguva pfupi yapfuura United States yakapinda mune apocalyptically dystopian nhoroondo nguva. Inguva inotaridzwa nechikamu chitsva chehutsinye hwehupfumi-iyo kubva kuma1970s yakagamuchira pfungwa yekuti hupenyu hwese hwemagariro hunofanirwa kuumbwa nemasimba emusika, uye kuti chero sangano rezvematongerwo enyika, remagariro, kana hupfumi rinoisa nzira kumakambani uye. zvido zvepachivande, misika isina kudzorwa, kuunganidzwa kwehupfumi hwevanhu, uye kodzero dzemunhu nemidziyo dzisina kutariswa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, muvengi werusununguko. Pasi pehutongi uhwu hwehudzvinyiriri hwehupfumi, zvinodikanwa zvemagariro uye mutoro wemagariro zvakabatwa mukuzvidzwa pamwe chete nehurumende yehutano, kunaka kwevose, uye nzanga pachayo. Izvi zvakatsinhirwa mumashoko aimbove Mutungamiriri wehurumende, Amai Margaret Thatcher, ekuti โHakuna chinonzi nzanga. Pane munhu chete nemhuri yake [sic]." Ndizvo chaizvo izvi zvinodzoreka fungidziro yemunhu ega-hood nemafungiro ayo asina kuvharwa ekuzvifarira, agency, uye rusununguko runotsanangura neoliberalism. Zvinetso zvenzanga, kusatya, kuparadzaniswa, kupererwa nezano, kutambura, uye nhamo zvino โzvavanhu zvomunhu oga, uye zvinozivikanwa senguva dzose uye zvisingadzivisiki.โ Zvakare, kudonha kwetsika kwakazara mune yakakosha neoliberal pfungwa yekuti chero kunetsekana nezvemitengo yemagariro muvengi wemusika.
Mutauro wakacheneswa, wakashandurwa kuita nhandare yekushambadzira kwevatengi, wakachatiswa kuchiratidziro chemitambo yemitambo, wakaitwa mbeveve netsika dzemukurumbira, wakashongedzerwa nezvombo sechikamu chehondo yekutarisira magariro evanhu, uye kuongororwa muzvikoro nevanoparadzira mapapiro ekurudyi vakachata. kushandisa mhirizhonga senzira yekuzadzisa zvinangwa zvezvematongerwo enyika. Mutauro wezvematongerwo enyika wakanyorwa mumutauro wemari, kwete tsika, kururamisira, uye tsitsi, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kubatanidza mhirizhonga nekushanda kwakanyanya kwesimba. Mhirizhonga iko zvino yave kufambiswa nekuwanda kwekusaziva kwakagadzirwa, kunowedzera kuburikidza nekuderedzwa kwemutauro. Muzera rekuderera kwekutarisisa, mutauro unonyura kutsika yakapindirana yekukasika, matweets, uye inosvibisa tsika yekutengeserana inodzikamisa fungidziro, zvematongerwo enyika, hupenyu hweveruzhinji, uye democracy pachayo. Munguva yerebranded fascism, tsika yezvematongerwo enyika haisisiri tsika yakakomba, uye ikozvino inoshanda kukanganisa iyo masangano ehurumende uye akakosha uye nzvimbo umo anti-capitalist consciousness inogona kuvandudzwa.
Pasi pezvematongerwo enyika echiFascist, mhirizhonga haichavindiki kuseri kwemadziro ekunyarara, yapfekwa sebheji reruremekedzo nevanopfurikidza mwero mubato reRepublican Party pamwe chete nevatsigiri vavo. Kudzidza kusabatsira muAmerica kwachinja kuva hutsinye hwakadzidza uye kudzoka kubva muhurukuro yetsitsi, hanya, uye chokwadi. Zvisungo zvemagariro zvinonyangarika munyika yeneoliberal yekuderera kwekubatana, zvidzidzo zveatomu, nharaunda dzakaputsika, kudzvanywa kwendangariro dzenhoroondo, uye kuparara kwevanhu. Kutarisana nematambudziko ehupenyu ikozvino inyaya yega yakasimbiswa nezvose zvirikuitika kurwiswa kwebapiro rekurudyi pakurangarira kwenhoroondo uye kuderera kwayo kuri kuwedzera. Rachel Kaadzi Ghansah, mutsanangudzo yake ine rwiyo uye nerudo rwe "The Mystic of Mar-a-Lago," anotora dhizaini inoputsika yekudonha uku kwekuziva, kuvimbika, uye hukama hune revo munharaunda. Anonyora kuti:
Mazuva ano, vazhinji vedu vanotaura mutauro wekukurumidzira, asi mutauro wekuvimbika, wekuvimbika, uye kuzvipira uripi? Kwapera kugona kutera, kufunga kupfuura isu pachedu, kunyangwe munzira dzakanyanya kukosha. Pane kudaro, isu takasiiwa kuti tifambe nedenda rinoremadza isu pachedu, nevakanyanya kutambudzika vakasiirwa zviwanikwa zvavo. Isu tave kuita nyika inoregedzerwa kune vanhu vachiti, "Ndinotyira hupenyu hwangu." Hondo yokurwisana inoda kuti tisamira kuti tibvunze kuti, โMunotyireiko?โ asi kuti titakure kodzero yedu yokuva vakaoma mwoyo uye kuti tirambe tichitsungirira. VaTrump vakapa vanhu chimwe chinhu chekuti vabatane sechirairo chekuzvidza, asi hapana chazvaireva mukupera kwezuva.
Chakachinja kubva pakaoma hupfumi hwenyika hwa2007-2008 ndechekuti neoliberalism yakawira mudambudziko remutemo. Asi nzanga yeAmerica yakasangana nedambudziko rinopfuura, rapinda mune inonzi naStuart Hall chiitiko chitsva chenhoroondo. Ndiko kuti, inguva apo masimba akasiyana emagariro, ezvematongerwo enyika, ezvehupfumi, uye epfungwa anoungana munzanga achiipa chimiro chakasiyana uye chakasiyana. Mubatanidzwa mutsva uyu wakakosha kudoma nekunzwisisa kuti urambe. Semhando yezvematongerwo enyika yakadzokororwa, inoita zvinopfuura kupa hutongi hwemahara pasi rose kuti iwane mari, zvakare inoburitsa zvinhu zvekare zvefascist nenhaka yayo yekucheneswa kwemarudzi, kuvenga vakadzi, mhirizhonga yakawanda, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvekurasa. Iyi nguva nyowani yenhoroondo kana kusangana inomiririra kupera kweimwe nguva uye kusimuka kweimwe, iyo yandinoti neoliberal fascism. Ichi chiziviso chitsva chine hutsinye uye mukwende wehupfumi unomiririra kutendeuka kutsva uye kusingadzoreki kubva kudemokrasi, uye inoratidza kuti nguva yekare yenharaunda yemagariro, kondirakiti yemagariro, uye kusimbisa kodzero dzebumbiro haisisiri iyo inotsanangura zvematongerwo enyika yeAmerica. . Muchokwadi, parizvino chiri chinangwa chehondo yevachena yekubvisa iyi nguva yakasununguka yenhoroondo yeAmerica nezvematongerwo enyika. Sirogani yeTrumpist Ita America Mukuru zvakare [MAGA] inonyatso tora iyi nhoroondo nyowani nguva.
Neoliberalism haichafadzi hupfumi hwekare hwekusikwa kwehupfumi hwega uye kuderera-kudzika mabhenefiti kururamisa kusaenzana kwehupfumi kana zvipikirwa zvekufamba munharaunda. Harina zvigadzikiso zvourombo hwakawanda, kudzorerwa mari kwezvinhu zvinokosha zvehurumende zvakadai sezvikoro, dambudziko remabasa avanhu, kuderera kwebazi rezveutano, kuparara kwemitengo yezvinodhaka, kana mwero unoshamisa wokusaenzana muupfumi nesimba. Chero kukura kwehupfumi kwakaitika kwakabatsira vezvemari. Nguva yese iyi, simba rehupfumi rakashandurirwa musimba rezvematongerwo enyika, richiwedzera kukanganisa hwaro hwehutongi hwegutsaruzhinji nekutonga.
Neoliberalism inofuratira urombo nekusaenzana uye haichape dziviriro yemafungiro ayo anouraya. Sezvakataurwa naPankaj Mishra, haigone "kuvandudza mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuunza kuenzana munharaunda nehupfumi." Kusakwanisa uye kusada kudzivirira nhamo yainoisa kuruzhinji rweAmerica, iko zvino kunokwidza rusaruraganda uye ultra-nationalism, ichiti hutongi hwejekerere hunokonzeresa matambudziko arikuenderera mberi ehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika anosvika "gomba rakadzikadzika rekutadza magariro." Ichiita serudzi rwehutongi hwejekerere, neoliberal fascism inoramba democracy "sekugovana kusingaenzaniswi kwehupenyu kunoita kuti zvematongerwo enyika zvigoneke." Pane kudaro, vakanyura mu "zvinonyadzisira zvesimba," nhamo inogadzirwa nevakawanda, uye fungidziro yenhema yekusazvidavirira, neoliberalism inozvivandudza, isinganyadziswi ichizvibatanidza nemasimba anopokana nedemocracy pasi rose anokonzera dhimoni, anoshora, uye anoranga rudzi, murume kana mukadzi, chitendero. , uye vashoma pabonde. Kudzikisira vanhu, kucheneswa kwerudzi, uye kudzvanyirira ndiwo maturusi matsva epamutemo eiyi fomu yakagadziridzwa yeneoliberal fascism. Paul Mason anotora iyi kurongeka kutsva kweneoliberalism uye fascism. Anonyora kuti:
Kupunzika kweNeoliberalism kwabvisa chimiro chezvino checapitalism chezvinoreva zvese neruremekedzoโฆ.vacuum iri kuzadzwa nemafungiro anovenga kodzero dzevanhu, kune pasi rose, kune murume kana mukadzi uye kuenzana kwemarudzi; pfungwa inonamata simba, inoona democracy sechinyengeri, uye inoshuvira kugadzikazve kunotyisa kwehurongwa hwepasi rose. Zvakatonyanya, chombo chekutanga chekodzero yeUS ndeche "huzivi hwemuzana ramakore regumi nesere" idzo [dzinonzi] dzakanga dzapa vanhu vekuAmerica kudzivirirwa kubva muhutongi hwehudzvanyiriri: kuzvisarudzira kwavo, izvo zvakapikiswa kwavari mukati memakore makumi matatu ehutongi hwemusika. , uye kudavira kwavo kuti chisarudzo chezvemari chinoumba rusununguko.
Rusununguko rwave rusina kunaka muAmerica. Michael Tomasky anoona nenzira kwayo kuti rusununguko muhurukuro-yekurudyi rwakabviswa sei kubva kune chero pfungwa yemagariro. Anoratidza poindi iri kupokana kuti imwe nhanho yekusununguka kubva mukuita basa revanhu inogona kunge iri mukupokana kunonyadzisa neanochengetedza bapiro rekurudyi pamwoyo wedenda "kuti rusununguko rwaisanganisira kodzero yekukosora vanhu vausingazive muchitoro chegirosari." Zvinei, Josh Shapiro, Gavhuna akasarudzwa weDemocratic wePennsylvania (kure nekuva kuruboshwe) anopa mutsauko wakashata werumwe rusununguko rwakashata rwunotsigirwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vebato reRepublican Party, vakaita seChristian nationalist, Douglas Mastriano, kure. -kurudyi anonyanyisa akakunda munhangemutange, uye pfungwa yake yezvaanodaidza kuti "rusununguko chairwo." Shapiro akanyora kuti:
Hakusi kusununguka kuudza vakadzi zvavanotenderwa kuita nemiviri yavo. Hakusi rusununguko. Hakusi kusununguka kuudza vana vedu mabhuku avanotenderwa kuverenga. Haisi rusununguko kana [Mastriano] awana kusarudza waunotenderwa kuroora. Ndinoti rudo rudo! Haisi rusununguko rwekutaura kuti unogona kushanda kwemaawa makumi mana ekushanda vhiki, asi iwe haugone kuve nhengo yemubatanidzwa. Hakusi rusununguko. Uye ichokwadi nekuti gehena hausi rusununguko rwekuti unokwanisa kuenda kunovhota, asi anotora anokunda. Hakusi rusununguko. Hakusi rusununguko. Asi unozivei? Munoziva zvatiri kuita? Tiri kusununguka chaiko. Uye regai ndikuudzei, regai ndikuudzei chinonzi rusununguko chairwo. Rusununguko chairwo ndipo paunoona iye mwana mudiki kuNorth Philly uye iwe unoona kugona maari, saka unodyara muchikoro chake cheveruzhinji. Ndirwo rusununguko chairwo. Ndirwo rusununguko chairwo. Rusununguko chairwo runouya kana tikaisa mari munharaunda yemwana mudiki iyeye kuti tive nechokwadi kuti yakachengeteka, saka anosvika pakuzvarwa kwake kwegumi nemasere. Ndirwo rusununguko chairwo.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti ticherechedze dzimwe pfungwa dzepakutanga dzepfungwa yeusununguko yerusununguko uye nemabatirwo avakaitwa nevanonyanyisa veRepublican Party. Semuenzaniso, Friedrich Hayek, nyanzvi yezvehupfumi yeAnglo-Austrian ane simba uye neoliberal-arch theorist, akapokana mukutanga kwema1960 kuti rusununguko rwemunhu rwunogona kuenzaniswa nerusununguko rwemusika. Rusununguko muhurukuro iyi inobereka pfungwa yokuti kururamisira kwevanhu uye tsika hazvina basa, kana zvisina ngozi kune rusununguko rwekutengesa. Rusununguko runobviswa papfungwa dzipi nedzipi dzekuva mutoro wevanhu kana kubatana. Rusununguko rwakabatana runonyangarika kana kuti runonzi pathological kana ngozi. Yakaderedzwa kusvika kune yakasarudzika yehumwe uye zvido zvevakuru vezvemari, aya ekutanga neoliberal pfungwa dzerusununguko anorwa hondo achipokana nechero pfungwa dzakabatanidzwa dzezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro agency uye masangano anovagonesa. Yakabatana nemaonero aya ndeye iron-clad neoliberal maonero ekuti hapana chiitiko chinofanirwa kuve chine chekuita nemitengo yemagariro nehupfumi. Somumwe wevaapostora veAmerica veneoliberalism, Milton Friedman, akambotaura, asingadembi kana kuseka, kudanwa kumutoro wezvemagariro evanhu kwakafanana neโkuparidza socialism yakachena uye isina kusvibiswa [uye] kushandiswa kwejasi rekuita basa revanhu, uye upenzi hunotaurwa muzita rayo navanamuzvinabhizimisi vane simba uye vane mukurumbira, hunokuvadza nomutoo wakajeka hwaro hwenzanga yakasununguka.โ Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, dambudziko rehutano hwemagariro evanhu rakabatana kune zvose dambudziko resangano uye dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika.
Pasi peneoliberalism, kuroora kwehupfumi hwevanhu uye zvisungo zvemakambani zvisina muganhu ndizvo zvine basa. Sezvakataurwa naCaleb Crain, tichivimba neruzivo rweemigrรฉ Hungarian akangwara Karl Polanyi, neoliberalism yachinja kuita chimiro chefascism icho "chinobvisa zvematongerwo enyika zvegutsaruzhinji kubva munzanga yevanhu kuitira kuti 'hupenyu hwehupfumi chete hurambe huripo,' skeleton isina nyama." Nedambudziko recapitalism uye kusimuka kwezvematongerwo enyika efascist muUS, kunyanya pakati pevatungamiriri veRepublican Party, kufunga nezvehunhu, magariro, uye hunhu kwave zvinhu zvinoshorwa zvakanyanya, zvichisimudzira tsika yehutsinye uye mhirizhonga kusvika kumusoro kusingafungidzirwe. chombo chezvematongerwo enyika uye musimboti wekuronga wenharaunda.
Pamwoyo wemhirizhonga yatekeshera muUnited States kuzvidza kodzero dzevanhu, kuenzana, uye kururamisira. Mupfungwa iyi, tsitsi kune vamwe dzinonyangarika, hukama hunosunganidza vanhu hunoshorwa, uye masangano anopa mukana wekuti kuve nenzanga yakarurama anobviswa. Kuzivikanwa uye zvishuwo zvino zvinotsanangurwa kuburikidza nemusika logic inofarira kuzvifarira, kurarama-kwe-iyo-yakakodzera ethos uye kusingatariswe kuzvimiririra. Pasi peneoliberalism, makwikwi ehupenyu uye kusingaperi ipfungwa huru yekutsanangura hukama hwevanhu, kana isiri rusununguko pacharwo. Munzanga yevakundi nevakakundwa, kufamba kubva paruvengo rwemumwe kuenda kumhirizhonga kune mumwe kunogadziriswa nyore nyore. Rudzi urwu rweneoliberalism haruna kudzika midzi muchimiro chefascistic kana kusanzwisisa, rinombundirawo mafungiro ehudzvinyiriri ayo ari pamutemo uye anoburitsa zviito zvisingadzokeri zvemhirizhonga yakawandisa uye mhirizhonga yemazuva ese nekusuwa kunoitwa pasi pehutongi hwematsotsi capitalism.
Muzera rehufashiro hunotyisa, mhirizhonga inoonekwa isina miganhu uye inopinda pane zvese zvaungafungidzira zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kwete mukungobata-bata, kupfura kusingaregi kupfura. Haisi kungoburitsa mwero mukuru wekutya, kusachengeteka, uye hutsinye, zvakare, nekuda kwehuvepo hwayo hwakazara uye hunowanzo shamisa, yakatsausa pfungwa kubva kune izvo zvinoigadzira. Yakabatana nehondo yekusingaperi tsika, neoliberal fascism ikozvino inobatanidza varaidzo nemitambo yezvematongerwo enyika. Mukuita izvi, inowedzera nharaunda yechinyakare yezvematongerwo enyika kuitira kuti iwedzere kuwedzera miganhu yevachena vayo vepamusoro-soro uye ultra-nationalist ideology uye ruvengo rwedemokrasi. Udyire nemakaro zvino zvava kubatanidzwa nechisimba chehondo umo kutambura uye kufa kwevanorangarirwa kuva zvakanyanyisa uye zvinoraswa zvinova manyuko evaraidzo nemafaroโchitubu chinonyadzisa chokunakidzwa, chinovanza mitemo yokuzvidza. Pasi peneoliberal fascism, iyo aestheticization yezvematongerwo enyika yave yakakwana.
Iyi ecology uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemufananidzo-kwakavakirwa ruvengo-zvematongerwo enyika zvinopa mamiriro ekuti vakurumidze kumukira kumhirizhonga yechiuto nevanopfurikidza mwero. Chimwe chinhu chinosiyanisa neoliberal fascist mhirizhonga mashandisiro ayo ekare uye matsva midhiya senzira yetiyeta inoshandura manzwiro nemanzwiro evanhu pamwe chete nekutya kwavo uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Vezvenhau vebapiro rekurudyi vave makamuri echo anoshanda senzvimbo yekumisikidza uye kugonesa kuwedzera kwemhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika, kupfura kwevanhu vakawanda, uye mauto eAmerica. Sezvo nharaunda yemagariro inopwanyika, zvematongerwo enyika zvinosangana nekuparadzwa kwayo, zvichiperekedzwa nekusimuka kwemapoka emhirizhonga uye veruzhinji vanokweverwa kune rusarura uye xenophobic rhetoric nezviito. Muchiitiko ichi, mhirizhonga iri kuramba ichienderana nezvematongerwo enyika ekucheneswa kwetsika nemarudzi. Sezvo mhirizhonga ichibviswa kubva mukufunga kwakadzama, hunhu hunodzoreredzwa zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kune verudyi vanopfurikidza mwero kukwidza kune yavanoti kunakidzwa uye ruzivo rwekunakidzwa nekugutsikana kunopiwa negomba rakadzika-dzika reunhu husina kunaka, kusateerera mutemo, uye kushanda kwesimba mukushandira hutsinye huzhinji.
Iyo Militarization yeAmerican Society
Kuitwa kwemauto munzanga yeAmerica kunenge kwapera, kumiririra inonzi naWilliam J. Astore imwe nzira yokupenga kwakabatana.โ Panzvimbo pekudadisa, kudada sezvo simba rakatsiva kwete chete demokrasi senge sosi huru yekupesvedzera kweUS kunze kwenyika, yakave yakajairwa semusimboti wekuronga wenzanga yeAmerica. Hapasisina mutsauko kubva kumauto anoshandiswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuhondo iko zvino kushandiswa kumba. Tsika yezvombo yakatsiva tsika yehunhu hwegutsaruzhinji. Chengetedzo inodzokororwa yakabatana nechengetedzo yemunhu, maindasitiri ekutarisa, uye kodzero dzepfuti dzisina kudzorwa. Jeri netsika dzaro dzekuvhara zvino zvinopa modhi yezvikoro zveveruzhinji, masevhisi emagariro, nhandare dzendege, uye kuwedzera mall, machechi, masupamaketi nemasinagogi. Kurudyi-bapiro maRepublicans anoona iyo Social Security manejimendi uye zvirongwa zvayo nekuzvidza panguva yekupemberera miganhu yakafemerwa nenativistic uye Homeland Security.
Iko hakuna nzvimbo dzekudzivirira dzasara muAmerica. Magandanga ekunze ayo US akarwa kunze kwenyika auya kumba. Sokutaura kwakaita sangano reAnti-Defamation League, โmumakore gumi apfuuraโฆ mhondi dzinosvika mazana mana nemakumi mashanu dzemuUS [dzakaitwa] nevapanduki vezvematongerwo enyika. Pakuuraya uku mazana mana nemakumi mashanu, vane mhirizhonga yekurudyi vakaita zvikamu makumi manomwe nezvishanu kubva muzana. MaIslam anonyanyisa ndiwo aikonzeresa zvikamu makumi maviri kubva muzanaโฆInenge hafu yemhondi dzaive dzakasungirirwa kune vachena vakuru. Vanyanyisi vekumusha vava kutyisidzira zvakanyanya mhirizhonga kuvanhu vekuAmerica. MuAmerica ane mauto uye ane chisimba zvino anozviratidza semushonga wakachena wehukuru hwevachena, urudzi hwechiKristu hwakanyanya, uye rusarura.
Tsika yehondo yechigarire yakaputsa mutsetse pakati pehugandanga hwemumba nechisimba chinogadzirwa muzita rehondo yehugandanga kunze kwenyika. Zvombo zvehondo zvava mumaoko emapurisa. Magandanga emumba kwete magandanga ekunze anomiririra kutyisidzira kukuru kwemhirizhonga muUS Hondo yekurwisana nepasi uye kutyisidzira kwehondo yenyukireya haigone kuparadzaniswa nemafungiro ehondo echigarire ayo zvino anoumba zvese zvemukati nekunze. War fever inotonga fungidziro yeruzhinji uye yave hugamba. Inosanganisirwa kwete chete mumutauro wekurudyi-bapiro ultra-nyika asiwo muhutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hwakambundirwa nevekure-kurudyi neo-Nazi, hutungamiriri hweRepublican Party, vachena hukuru, uye vachena vechiKristu vanoomerera.
mhedziso
Neoliberalism inowedzera muchina wehondo pamwe chete nemafungiro anoitsigira. Muchimiro chayo chakakwidziridzwa chezvematongerwo enyika efascist, inogadzira mabhomba matsva enyukireya, akadai seB-21 Raider, anotyisidzira vanhu uye anodhura mari inosvika mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu emamiriyoni emadhora. Bhajeti yemauto ichangobva kupfuudzwa inosvika 750 bhiriyoni uye chiratidzo chekupenga kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kupindwa muropa nepfungwa kumidziyo yerufu. Iyo yekupedzisira chimwe chinhu chemuchina wehondo unofuratira matambudziko akadai sehuwandu hunoshamisa hwehurombo, kushaya pekugara, kuparara kwehutano hwehutano, kuranga carceral nyika, uye kuparara kwemamiriro ekunze. Asi zvinoita zvakawanda. Inopawo muchetura hupenyu hwemazuva ese nekurambidza kubvisa nhumbu nemabhuku, kubvisa chengetedzo yemagariro uye masevhisi emagariro, kuwedzera mapurisa ane mauto akawandisa, uye inowedzera kukura kwemajeri uku uchicheka mari yezvikoro zveveruzhinji. Zvakare zviri panjodzi pasi pechiratidziro cheneoliberal policy ikodzero dzevakadzi, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kodzero dzemubatanidzwa, uye kodzero dzevanhu.
Utsinye hwava kufora senhandare yemitambo muzvinobudisa nhau hunoenderana chete nemitemo inobira vanhu nguva, chiremera, uye upenyu. Yasvika nguva yekubvisa fascism pasi, kwete chete kuburikidza nebhokisi rekuvhota, asi kuburikidza nehondo huru yemubatanidzwa uye kumukirana kunogona kuunza izvi zvinouraya zvematongerwo enyika uye gangster capitalism inotsigira kumisa. Uku kushevedzera kuzere kurwiswa kwezvematongerwo enyika efascist kunonyanya kukosha panguva iyo pfungwa dzesocialist dziri kuvandudzwa. Inodaidzira mari yepasi rose, kubvisa mapurisa mari, hutano kune vese, kucherechedzwa patsva kwechimiro cherusaruraganda, mhirizhonga yenyika, uye nhanho dzinoshamisa dzekusaenzana - zvese zvinongedza kukura kwekuziva kwesocialist muUS Capitalism irabhoritari yefascism. , uye chero nzira inogoneka yekuramba inofanira kutanga nekudaidza kubvisa pane kuigadzirisa. Asi kuita izvi, sezvakataurwa naBarbara Epstein, zvakakosha kuti chero bato rinoramba rifambe richipfuura "rakakamukana Kuruboshwe zvakabatanidzwa nekuzvipira kusina kujeka kune nyika ine ruramisiro, yakaenzana, uye yakagadzikana ... coordinated action.โ Nzvimbo yekutanga kurwisa neo-fascism iri mukuvaka patsva ruzivo rwevanhu vakawanda uye inofambira mberi yemarudzi akawanda inokwanisa kuputsa hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri uye humiro hweneoliberal fascism.
Sokusimbisa kwakaita David Harvey, zvinetso zvikuru zve<em>capitalist โzvakadzama zvamazvirokwazvo zvakadzika kwazvo zvino zvokuti hapana nzira yatichaenda nayo kupi nokupi pasina sangano rakasimba zvikuru rokurwisana noukuru.โ Ino ndiyo nguva yekubvisa neoliberal fascism pane kuedza kupfavisa marongero ayo. Pfungwa yecapitalism ine tsitsi sezvakaparidzwa naPresident Clinton aimbove Secretary of Treasury, Robert B. Reich is a oxymoron. Yasvika nguva yesangano rakasimba rinopesana neudzvanyiriri rinokwanisa kufungidzira nekuita kuti nzanga inofanira kurongeka sei maererano nemisimboti yegutsaruzhinji uye zvazvinoreva kwatiri isu nezvizvarwa zvinotevera. America inoda kumukirana kukuru, kwakasimba kunokurudzirwa nekupokana kwakawanda uye zano rekuita rakananga shanduko yakakosha yemagariro. Inoda muono wakadzama pamwe chete neizvo C. Wright Mills akambodana kuti "pfungwa huru" kuitira kuti ipe chimiro kune rimwe sangano rechimurenga rakabatana. Inoda huto hutsva hunobva mukurwisana kwekare kuitira kuti vagadzire zvombo zvakakodzera zvinodiwa kurwisa dambudziko iri re-neo-fascist munguva ino.
Fascism iri kukwira pasi rose pamwe chete neatrophy yetsika yemagariro uye fungidziro yezvematongerwo enyika. Pasina a zvematongerwo enyika sangano redzidzo nerezvematongerwo enyika kuti rirwise, hutachiona hunouraya hwefascism huchasvika kumagumo uye demokrasi, kunyangwe mumhando dzayo dzinotyisa, icharega kuvapo. Imwe tsime retariro rinobva mumashoko aJames Baldwin akanyorwa mune imwe nguva yenhamo. Anonyora kuti: โHazvisi zvinhu zvose zvinotarisana nazvo zvinogona kuchinjwa; asi hapana chinogona kuchinjwa kutozosvikira chatarisana.โ Kurumidziro yenguva inoda kuti tibvise mapofu nguva isati yanyanya uye tatarisana nekutyisidzira kwefascist kuri kuuya. Mubvunzo wekukurumidzira werudzi rwenyika yatinoda kurarama mairi hausisiri rhetorical, inoda kushevedzwa kwechimbichimbi kuita. Collective kuramba haisisiri sarudzo yakamirira kuburitsa, chinhu chinodiwa pasina nguva yekusara.
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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