Iko hakuna kuraira zviratidzo zvedzidzo yeruzhinji kubasa muUnited States. Idzi inguva dzerima dzedzidzo, vadzidzisi, vachengeti veraibhurari, Vechidiki vatema, vanhu vanochinja, vechidiki uye misimboti inogonesa yerusununguko rwedzidzo, kufunga kwakadzama, kushinga kwevagari, uye pfungwa yakagovaniswa yeugari. Kubva kuma1950, uye kunyanya kubva kuma1980 nekusarudzwa kwaRonald Reagan seMutungamiriri, kwave nekunetsekana kwakanyanya kuita kuti zvikoro zveveruzhinji zvive pachena uye kubatanidza dzidzo yepamusoro.[1] Mushanduro yaro yakagadziridzwa uye yakawedzera, vatsigiri vebato reRepublican Party vari kurwisa vasina kupfeka "pakuvapo chaiko kwedzidzo yeruzhinji."[2] Muhafu yekutanga ye makumi mavirith zana remakore, iyo yakagadzwa inochengetedza njere yakashanda kubva pafungidziro yekuti chinangwa chepakati chedzidzo chaive chekugadzirira vadzidzi pamatanho akasiyana echiteshi chavo munzvimbo yebasa kana mune yakakura corporate order. Imwe vhezheni yekurudyi yebato reConservative yakaramba ichipokana kuti pfungwa yechikoro sechinhu chinozivikanwa neruzhinji chaive chinyangadzo. Zvikoro zvino zvakanga zvashorwa sezvikoro zvehurumende kana kuti zvakatoipisisa, “misasa yerovedzo yesocialist.”[3]Maererano nevaurayi vedzidzo yeruzhinji ava, zvikoro zvakanga zvave chibereko chehurumende yaizvishandisa kusimbisa pfungwa ine chepfu yokuva vagari venyika inotsanangurwa noukoshi hwokuenzana, rusununguko, kururamisira, uye kuenzana.[4]
Muhurukuro iyi inopesana nedemocracy, basa rehurumende raiva rekushandira misika uye kurayira kwevakuru vezvemari, kwete zvido zvevanhu. Sezvo Pinochet-anoda neoliberal economist Milton Friedman akajekesa mune imwe chinyorwa cha1970 mu. New York Times, mutoro wemagariro evanhu rakanga riri basa remaoko emasocialists nemakomonisiti uye rakanga risina nzvimbo mungave munyika yebhizimisi kana kuti mudzidzo.[5] Misika yakava mainjini edzidzo, uye hunhu hwemakambani zvino hwakaumba dzidzo mumufananidzo wekutengesa, purofiti, kushandiswa kwevatengi, kudzikisira, uye privatization. Zviitiko zvehupfumi uye zvedzidzo zvakabviswa girama yekuongorora kwehutsika uye mari yemagariro, pasinei nekuvapo kwekutambura kwevanhu vakawanda uye kusuruvara kwevanhu.
Muchiitiko chechipiri, 21st zana remakore, kunyanya makore gumi apfuura, rakaratidzwa neproto-fascist inofambiswa neGOP iyo yakawedzera kurwisa kwayo dzidzo yeruzhinji nekusunungura masimba anotyisa enativism, xenophobia, misogyny, uye tsika yakapararira yehutsinye, manyepo, uye kutya kunoshamisa pamusoro. kuvapo kwevanonzi “vamwe” vanokwanisa kuraswa* Mukutonga kwevane zvematongerwo enyika vane ushingi uye vane mari yakawanda vakadai savaimbove Mutungamiriri wenyika, VaTrump, Gavhuna weFlorida GOP. Ron DeSantis, uye GOP Gov. Abbott muTexas, vachidzidza kubva zvakapfuura zvakapa nzira kune simba rinoita chiveve remagariro uye nhoroondo amnesia. Rusaruraganda rwakarongeka, kusarurana kwevanhu, kusaziva kwakagadzirwa, uye kufa kwepfungwa zvino kupembererwa semisimboti yekuronga yedzidzo. Pamusoro pezvo, simba rekudzidzisa retsika yakafararira rakasimbisa kurwiswa uku padzidzo yeruzhinji kuburikidza neruvengo runotungamirwa nevezvenhau, conservative cable nhau, uye mamwe midhiya mapuratifomu anokurudzira 24/7 hondo yekurwisa kusazivikanwa kwevakadzi, kuita zvepabonde, nhoroondo dzekuramba, uye pfungwa dzine njodzi dzakadai sedzidziso yedzinza rakakosha uye zvidzidzo zvekuenzana nekuenzana. Kubata kwakashata kwezvematongerwo enyika efascist, tsika, uye dzidzo kwasimuka kubva kumahombekombe kuenda pakati pehupenyu hweAmerica nesimba.
Pakati penzanga iri kuwedzera kuratidzwa nehuwandu hunoshamisa hwekusaenzana, rusaruraganda, uye kusava nesimba, zvikoro kubva kumakumi masere kusvika pakutanga kwe21.st zana ramakore rakatsanangurwa zvakare zvakanyanya seinjini dzerusarura ganda, mafekitori ekuranga uye nzvimbo dzekuyedza. Vadzidzi veruvara vakawedzera kuzviwana vasina kuenzana nepombi yechikoro-ku-jeri nepo vachena vanoshanda- uye vechidiki vekirasi yepakati vaiiswa pasi pedagogy yekudzvinyirirwa yakasimbiswa kuburikidza nedzidziso yekufa-yekupedzisira yakajairwa curricula inobvisa nyaya dzemamiriro, nhaurirano, nekuziva kwakadzama. Murangariro waPaulo Freire wedzidzo yokubhengi wakava muitiro sezvo vadzidzi vaibatwa se“zvinhu,” umo vadzidzisi vaidurura zivo mazviri.[6] Kuwedzerwa kune iyi pfungwa ine chepfu, inodzvinyirira yedzidzo yakanga iri chido chakabvumirwa nehurumende chokuti vadzidzisi vezvikoro zvehurumende vadzidzise bvunzo. Maindasitiri ekuyedza uye zvigadziriso zvakawedzera kutsanangura nzvimbo yekudzidza. Panguva imwecheteyo, pfungwa yechikoro sechinhu chakanaka cheruzhinji chine chinangwa chekudzidzisa vechidiki kuti vave vagari vemo vanotsoropodza, vane ruzivo, uye vanobatanidzwa yakarambwa sepfungwa yechinyakare, kana isiri ine ngozi. Dzidzo yakanga isisiri nzira yekuzvitsvakira wega, hwaro hwekuwedzera munhu uye sangano remagariro, uye nzvimbo yekushamisika, kusika, uye kudzidza kwakadzama kunogumira kune izvo mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira, John Dewey, akatsanangura sechinhu chakakosha kuruzhinji. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai, dzidzo yeruzhinji yakava muzinda wekusarudza marudzi nemapoka, nzvimbo yekunze yedare redzimhosva, uye nzvimbo yekuomesera iyo chinangwa chayo, muchidimbu, chaive chekuuraya fungidziro uye kuderedza chero mari inogoneka muvechidiki. Kudzidza sesangano reiyo Jacque Derrida akambodana kuti "democracy inouya" yakava nzvimbo iyo democracy yakakandwa mugomba rehuori hwekudzidzisa. Tinogona kutenda vese maReaganites pamwe neWall Street democrats yenhoroondo iyi. Funga zvikuru pamusoro pemitemo yedzidzo inotyisa yaGeorge W. Bush, Bill Clinton, naBarack Obama—ose ayo neimwe nzira akanga ari mufananidzo wegirazi wepfungwa dzakashata dzedzidzo.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura muzera rakacherechedzwa nesarudzo yaDonald Trump pachigaro chemutungamiri wenyika, zvipoko zveudzvanyiriri zvakabuda zvakare munzanga yeAmerica, kunyangwe zvakanyanyisa hutsinye kupfuura kare. Dzidzo yeruzhinji ikozvino yakakomberedzwa nezviuru zvevachena vevachena vechiKristu nyika, neo-fascists, vachena supremacists, uye gaggle yemabhirioni emakambani. Vachibatsirwa nevezvematongerwo enyika vekurudyi, izwi rekuranga revachena vepamusoro uye musanganiswa wakashata wevanorangana theorists, anti-vaxxers, vanoomerera mune zvechitendero, uye vanopokana neveruzhinji vakangwara vava kuumba mutemo wedzidzo mumatunhu akati wandei eGOP. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, pfungwa yefascistic yedzidzo yakabuda ichitsanangurwa neruvengo rwakadzama rwekufunga kwakadzama, kururamisira munzanga, kuenzana, rusununguko, uye democracy - zvese zvakaunganidzwa pasi pehupenzi uye kubatwa kusina chinhu - zvese zvisirizvo "zvakamuka."
Zviratidzo zvekutendeuka kweAmerica kune pfungwa yefascist yedzidzo iri kwese kwese. Mabhuku ari kurambidzwa mumatunhu mazhinji anodzorwa neGOP, trans vadzidzi uye nhoroondo yavo iri kudzimwa kubva muzvidzidzo zvechikoro ukuwo rutsigiro netsitsi dzevanochengeta, vanotsigira varaibhurari, nyanzvi, uye vadzidzisi vachipara mhosva. Nhoroondo yeAfrica yeAmerica inodzimwa uye inocheneswa, nepo vadzidzisi, fakaroti, uye vashandi vekuraibhurari vanokwikwidza kana kuramba ichi chifascist script vari kudzingwa, kubatwa nedhimoni, uye mune dzimwe nguva vachipomerwa mhosva. Kuratidzira kurwiswa kwevanhu vanochinjika kwakafanana nekwakaitika mumakore ekutanga eTatu Reich, vezvematongerwo enyika vekurudyi uye vachena vepamusoro vari kurwa hondo inotyisa neve trans youth, vadzidzisi, uye vatsigiri vavo.[7] Sezvinozivikanwa, LGBTQ vanhu vava kubatwa nedhimoni, vana vanotapurirana vanoonekwa se "vapandi" uye vezvemagariro evanhu apo vatsigiri vavo vachinyombwa sevanorara nevana. Zvinowedzera kuipa. Trans mabhuku nenhoroondo zvakarambidzwa, uye kuzivikanwa kwevangochani vadzidzi vari pasi pekusekwa, kutya mongering, uye kurwiswa kwekugona kwengochani uye trans folk kurarama zvinoenderana nehunhu hwavo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mapoka ari kure kure akadai sePatriot Front neProud boys “anoratidza hasha dzawo pakusawirirana kwevakadzi nechisimba.”[8] Izvo izvo zviri kure nekurudyi uye vachena supremacists havagone kuwana kuburikidza nemhirizhonga yemumigwagwa yavanoda kuwana kuburikidza nemhirizhonga yenyika. Sezvakataurwa naTalia Lavin:
Zvinoziviswa nevekurudyi kuburikidza nemhirizhonga yemumigwagwa iri pachena yavanoda kusimbisa nemhirizhonga yehurumende. Mabhiri anotsvaga kudzvanyirira dzidzo inopokana nerusaruraganda, mutemo unopesana neshanduro unotsvaga kubatanidza mabasa echikadzi ekare, uye kurambidzwa kwakasimba uye kunoramba kuchirambidzwa kwekodzero dzekubvisa pamuviri mumatunhu ane mapapiro emutemo anomiririra nzira dzekuvenga kusaenderana kwevanhukadzi, chishuwo chekudzora. miviri yevakadzi, uye rusaruraganda runopindirana.[9]
Ino inguva inotyisa kune vechidiki vanoenda kuzvikoro izvo zvavari kutorwa sevasingazivikanwe uye "vakaiswa munzvimbo yekusabatanidzwa."[10] Sezvinotaurwa naNancy Braus, "Avo vari LGBTQ+ vanokodzera kuve nemhando dzekutevedzera vanokwanisa kuvabatsira kukunda matambudziko epamberi pemakore ekuyaruka uye pwere. Kudzinga vadzidzisi vengochani, kudzika mitemo yefascist senge “usataure ngochani,” uye kurwisa zvine chisimba zviratidziro zvekukwevera hazvifi zvakatungamira kunzanga ine hutano.[11] Iyi idzidziso yakadzika midzi mukuwirirana, ruvengo, uye rusarura. Izvo hazvidi basa rekufungidzira, hapana tsika yekubvunza. Panzvimbo pezvo inotengesa mukusaziva kunomanikidzirwa, kudzora kwechirango kunodzvinyirira, uye tsika yehutsinye, kuraswa, uye kuvenga. Kurudyi-bapiro repfungwa uye mitemo yekudzidzisa yave chikamu chemuchina wekufa munharaunda uye inomiririra magumo eiyo proto-fascist pfungwa yedzidzo iri kuiswa pamamirioni evechidiki vekuAmerica - zvese zvakaitwa pasi pehupenzi hwekuda rusununguko nekudzivirira vana.[12]
Pasi pechimiro chakadzokororwa chefascism, dzidzo yave kutsanangurwa semuvengi wekurangarira kwenhoroondo ukuwo chiitiko chekufunga uye kuziva kwakadzama sezvinoonekwa sekutyisidzira kune zvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika, zvetsika uye zvepfungwa zvido zveRepublican Party uye chiono chavo chenzanga yeAmerica. . Muchinyorwa ichi chepfungwa uye chedzidziso, rusarura haruchafukidzwi kana kutariswa zvisizvo sezvakagadziriswa munharaunda yeAmerica, chave mhere mhere, bheji rerukudzo runonyadzisa, uye chombo chekudzidzisa kusimudza pfungwa yevachena yeChristu yehutongi hwevachena. . Mumaoko eGOP inofambiswa nefascist, simba rinoshanda kwete mukuda kwesimba rine hutsinye asiwo kuda kuranga kusateerera mutemo nemhirizhonga mukushandira mukana wezvematongerwo enyika. Zvimwe zvingatsanangure kusateerera mutemo kwaTrump, kutyisidzira kwake kubvarura bumbiro uye zvombo zvake zvebazi rezvemitemo, vimbiso yake kana akasarudzwazve kuregerera mbavha dzakapara mhosva dzakawanda mukurova kwavo Capitol. Kana kuti yambiro yake kana akasarudzwa semutungamiri wenyika kuti achashandisa simba rake nemweya wekutsiva nekutsiva kune vevateveri vake vanenge vatadzirwa.[13] Trumpism mupfungwa yedimikira inogona kunzwisiswa sekufamba kubva mukupemberera kukara, kunoratidzwa nenzira yakaipa mufirimu. Wall wall, kune yakakuvadzwa uye yekutsiva mafungiro emuzvinabhizinesi akazvinyudza ari pakati pefirimu, American Psycho. Muchiitiko ichi, mutsara uri pakati pekupengeswa nemakaro unokurumidza kutendeukira kune mafaro, chitarisiko, uye zvinonyadzisira zvechisimba - kupfupika kwekurarama munzanga yeneoliberal fascist. Trumpism ndiyo chiso chefascism itsva.
Zvichienderana nezvakaitika kare uye zvazvino, National Assessment of Educational Progress yakaburitsa mushumo muna Chivabvu 2023 uyo wakawana kutariswa kukuru. Yakadaidzwa kuti “The Nation’s Report Card” yakataura nekutya kukuru kuti vana vegiredhi rechisere vakanga vachidzikira zvakanaka mukunzwisisa kwavo nhoroondo, magariro, nemisimboti yehurumende, kutora chikamu kwevanhu, uye demokrasi pachayo. Somuenzaniso, yakashuma kuti 13 muzana chete ye8th magiredhi aive nehunyanzvi munhoroondo uye chete 22 muzana vaive nehunyanzvi mune zvechivanhu. Kunyange kukwira kwekusagona kuverenga nekunyora kwenhoroondo kunotyisa, chiri kutyisa zvakaenzana ndechekuti chirevo hachiendi mberi mukuongorora zvikonzero zvekutadza kwakadaro pane kusimudzira kudiwa kwezvimwe zvakafanana uye kuyedza - zviri pachena nenyaya yekuti dambudziko. inogona kungotarisa pane zvibodzwa zvebvunzo uye hapana chimwe. Zvinojekeswa nemushumo uyu, pamwe chete nezvakawanda zvemataurirwo ari kuitwa dzidzo nhasi munhau dziri kure-kurudyi, dzinochengetedza, uye dzemazuva ose, ndezvekuti tsika yega yega ine nzvimbo yekufungidzira umo nyaya dzepakati dzisingabatanidzwe, dzakaiswa munzvimbo isingaonekwe. Iyi inzvimbo inofanirwa kunge iri munhoroondo, kurangarirwa, uye kubvunzurudzwa zvine mutsindo.
Hapana chiri mushumo chinomutsa mibvunzo yakakomba pamusoro pekuramba kuri kubviswa kwedzidzo yeruzhinji nevezvematongerwo enyika. Kurwiswa kwakashata kwezvikoro kubva kuma1980 uye kwakawedzera mumakore gumi apfuura hakuna kucherechedzwa. Kuongororwa kwemabhuku, kuwanda kwekuongororwa, kurwiswa kwenhoroondo, ndangariro, kuzvitonga kwevadzidzisi, mibatanidzwa yevadzidzisi, makirasi akazara vanhu, zvishongedzo zvekirasi uye kukwira kwehondo yevatema, vanobva kune dzimwe nyika, uye vechidiki vanodarika hazvitarisirwe. Kuregeredzwa ndiko kurwiswa kwehuviri neoliberal uye fascistic iko zvino kurwiswa nedzidzo yeruzhinji. Zvose zvakasara idambudziko rakabviswa kubva kune chero mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye ezvakaitika kare anoita zvakawanda kusimbisa kuderera kwedzidzo yehurumende uye nekutadza dzidzo yepamusoro pane kugadzirisa nyaya idzi. Dzidzo haigone kurambwa kubva pamasimba nezvematongerwo enyika uye inofanirwa kugara ichinzwisiswa senzvimbo yakakosha yekurwira pamusoro pezvakakosha, nhoroondo, manzwi, uye vechidiki mudzidzo yavo sevagari vanotsoropodza uye vanobatikana.
Mutemo wekutanga wehutongi hwejekerere ndewekuti hapana hutongi hwejekerere pasina vagari vane ruzivo rwakanyanya. Uyezve, dambudziko rekudzidzisa uye reruzhinji harigone kuvapo pakudzidzisa bvunzo kana mafekitori ekudzidzisa edzidziso umo musina nzvimbo yekutsinhana zvine hungwaru, pfungwa dzakasiyana siyana, nzvimbo dzekuti vadzidzi vanzwe manzwi avo, uye kwavanodzidza. kuti vabatanidze zvavanodzidza nekurwira nyika ine kururamisira. Dzidzo yeruzhinji inofanira kuva nzvimbo inodzivirira umo kurwisana nekusaruramisira hakugoni kubviswa kubva padzidzo inopa hwaro hwehurumende yedemokrasi. Izvo zvazvisingafanirwe kuve inzvimbo yekusiiwa kune avo vadzidzi vanoonekwa senjodzi, inoraswa, uye isingakosheswe. Dzidzo yakadai inofanira kupa kwaniso, ruzivo, pfungwa yekutarisira magariro evanhu, uye hunyanzvi hunogonesa vadzidzi kutaura, kunyora, uye kuita kubva pachinzvimbo cheumiriri nekugonesa. Inofanira kuita rimwe basa rekubatanidza pakati pezvikoro nenharaunda yakafara, pakati pezvako nevamwe, uye matambudziko epachivande uye kufunga kwakakura kwehurongwa.
Mubvunzo mukuru pano ndewekuti basa redzidzo muutongi hwezvido zvevanhu nderei uye kuti ndechipi chinzvimbo chinopokana naDavid Clark i“democracy… dzidzo inosimudzira kugona kwedu kwedemocracy, uye yekugovana masimba pane kushingirira kana kuzviisa pasi pechiremera.”
Hapana tariro pasina gadziriro yedzidzo inotungamirirwa nedemocracy, uye tariro iyoyo inogara muzviuru zvevadzidzisi, vechidiki, uye vadzidzisi vari kuramwa mabasa, vachiratidzira, vachitaura uye kurwisana uku kurwiswa kunotyisa kwedzidzo yeruzhinji. Zvavari kujekesa ndezvekuti kukundikana kunokonzerwa nedzidzo 8th magiredhi nevamwe vanogashira muAmerica hazvisi zvevadzidzisi vasingashande, mibatanidzwa inodzvinyirira, vadzidzi vane usimbe. Zviri pamusoro pemafungiro ehutongi uye zvematongerwo enyika efascist anotenda kuti zvikoro zviri kutadza nekuti ndezveruzhinji, vadzidzisi havana kukwana nekuti vanoramba kuita zvidhori zvekunyepa-bapiro rekurudyi, vadzidzi vari kudonha nekuti vanoramba marobhoti ekuyedza zvirongwa, akajairwa pedagogies, uye reactionary. pfungwa dzedzidzo dzinosimudzira kusaziva, rusarura, uye kubvisa pwere dzose kunze kwevakasarudzwa kubva mune remangwana. Kuongorora kwakasununguka uye kwekuchengetedza pamusoro pedzidzo yeruzhinji kunovhara kurwira kwezvematongerwo enyika kwefascist kushandura zvikoro kuita nzvimbo dzevachena dzekudzidzira nyika. Maechoes enhoroondo yechifashisti ari mupenyu zvakare muhondo yekurwisa democracy zvichiratidza kuti dzidzo iri musimboti wezvematongerwo enyika, asi sesimba rekupa simba kwete kudzvinyirirwa. Uku hakusi kungonetsana chete pamusoro pezvinorehwa nedzidzo uye zvikoro zveveruzhinji. Iko kurwisana pamusoro pekugona kwehutongi hwegutsaruzhinji uye remangwana pacharo.
Ichi chinyorwa chinogona zvakare kuverengerwa senge sumo kubvunzurudzo mbiri dzine hukama dzandakapa maererano nekurwiswa kuri kuramba kuchiitwa nevapanduki vekurudyi padzidzo yeruzhinji muUnited States. Ona:
Ian Masters Hurukuro paHenry Giroux pa "40% ye8th Graders Ari Pazasi Avhareji muNhoroondo uye 31% Ari Pazasi Hunyanzvi Hwekutanga muCivic Dzidzo..” Pamusoro Pekupfupisa.
Allen Ruff anobvunzurudza Henry A. Giroux pa“Kurwiswa PaDzidzo uye Ruzivo Kubva Kurudyi.” Pamusoro pePublic Affairs.
References
[1] Henry A. Giroux, Hondo yeNeoliberalism paDzidzo yepamusoro (Chicago: Haymarket, 2019).
[2] Kathryn Joyce, "MaRepublicans Haadi Kuchinja Dzidzo Yeruzhinji. Vanoda Kuzvipedza.” The New Republic (Gunyana 30, 2021). Pamhepo:
[3] Will Bunch,"Kubvisa 'zvikoro zvehurumende' yaimbova pfungwa iri kure kure. Hapasisina." Iyo Philadelphia Inquirer [Chikunguru 26, 2022]. Pamhepo:
[4] Thom Hartmann, "MaAmerican Aishandiswa Kunzwisisa Zvikoro Zveruzhinji uye maCommons." Hartmann Report [Gunyana 22, 2022]. Pamhepo:
[5] Milton Friedman, "Basa reSocial Responsibility yeBhizinesi ndeyeKuwedzera Profit yaro, " New York Times Magazine, [September 13, 1970]. Maonawo yake Kuita zvemabhizimusi neRusununguko yakanyorwa pamwe naBhinyamin Appelbaum (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020).
[6] Ona, kunyanya Paulo Freire, Dzidzo yeVadzvinyirirwa (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 3rd edition, 2000), uye yake Pedagogy yeRusununguko (Lanham, Md: Rowman naLittlefield, 2000).
[7] Talia Lavin, "Sei Transphobia iri pamwoyo weWhite Power Movement. " The Nation [Nyamavhuvhu 18, 2021].
[8] Ibid., Talia Lavin, "Nei Transphobia iri paMwoyo weWhite Power Movement."
[9] Ibid., Talia Lavin, "Nei Transphobia iri paMwoyo weWhite Power Movement."
[10] Joao Biehl, Vita: Hupenyu munzvimbo yekusiya Social (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005), p.14.
[11] Nancy Braus, "Mudzidzisi weLGBTQ Anogona Kuponesa Upenyu Hwemwana Wako, " Nharo Dzose (Mai 7, 2023).
[12] Jamelle Bouie, "Republican Party Inoti Inoda Kudzivirira Vana, Asi Kwete Vana Vese, " New York Times (Kurume 31, 2023). Online: . Uyewo ona Michael Bronski, "Kushambidzika uye Zvematongerwo enyika zvechiKristu zvekusava nemhosva. " Kuongorora kweBoston [Chivabvu 3, 2022].
[13] Maggie Haberman naShane Goldmacher, "Trump, Kupika 'Kudzorera,' Inofanotaura Nguva Yechipiri yeKukanganisa, " New York Times (Kurume 7, 2023).
[14] David L. Clark, "Chii chinonzi Democracy?,” NFB Blog (Kurume 27, 2023).
*Jonathan Chait,"Indoctrination Nation: Zvikoro zvine chokwadi zviri kushandura pfungwa dzevana kuti vave kuruboshwe, vanochengetedza vari kutora kutonga kwekirasi yeAmerica.. " New York Magazine (Chivabvu 8, 2023); Alice Markham-Cantor, Britina Cheng, naPaula Eceves, "28 States, 71 Mabhiri, uye Dzidzo Sistimu Yakashandurwa-Inomhanya Tally Yekuti maRepublican vari Kugadzirisa sei Chikoro cheAmerica., " New York Magazine (Mai 8, 2023).
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