Mumajeri emazuva ano eRussia, chiratidzo chesero yakabudirira uye ine zvinhu zvakawanda ndeyekuvapo kweterevhizheni, inowanzopiwa pamwe chete nefiriji. Kwandiri, terevhizheni haisati iri manyuko omufaro panzvimbo pokutambudza, sezvandatotsanangura kanoverengeka. Manzwi akashata, ane utsinye evanoparadzira mashoko anobaya chaizvoizvo munzeve dzangu, nepo kusetsa kwakashata kunondiita kuti ndinzwe kuda kurutsa. Asi terevhizheni, iyo inogara yakabatidzwa, zvisinei ine mhedzisiro yakanaka zvakare. Mune mazwi esainzi, inopa hwindo muhurukuro huru.
Mune izvi, ini ndinonyanya kufarira [Andrei] Norkin's "Nzvimbo yekusangana" paNTV chiteshi. Pano iwe wakatsanangura kwauri, nehungwaru, zvakadzikama, uye pasina hysterics iwe yaunonzwa pane mamwe mapurogiramu, nei zvakarurama uye zvakakodzera kuuraya vanhu, kutora nyika yevamwe vanhu, uye kuvatorera pfuma yavo, vachirambidza kodzero dzevanhu vose vasingabvumirani nemasimba aripo. Zvese zvinhu zvine hunhu hwakanaka, zvinopihwa nekunyemwerera kunofadza, zvine ruremekedzo uye zvine hushamwari.
Panguva yekutepfenyura kwakadaro mumwe wevakakokwa nyanzvi akatsanangurira vanogamuchira uye vataridzi kuti "nyika yakawanda" ndeyei. Mukuona kweiyi nyanzvi inoremekedzwa, nyika ine nyika dzakasiyana-siyana ndeye apo pasina mitemo inowanzogoverwa kana miganhu yetsika, tsika kana nheyo, uye apo munhu wose anoita zvaanoda uye anozvitsvakira zvakamunakira kusvika pamwero unobvumirwa nemasimba avo. Vamwe vatori vechikamu munhepfenyuro vakanyemwerera zvine hunyoro uye vakagutsurira kutendera kwavo. Zvinhu zvose zvakapedzisira zvave panzvimbo yacho.
Chero ani anoziva uzivi anogona kuona nyore kuti iyi rondedzero yenyika ine mativi mazhinji inopindirana chose neizvo Thomas Hobbes mubhuku rake ra1651. Revhiatani yakanzi “hondo yavose inorwisana navose.” Aya ndiwo akanga ari mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akatekeshera mukutanga kweEurope yemazuva ano, uye vafungi vomuzana remakore rechigumi nenomwe havana kuona kuponeswa kubva munyonganyonga yakazoguma yavapo kunze kwokuisa utongi hune utsinye hwechiremera chimwe chete, chinokwanisa kuisa nhevedzano kunyange pamutengo wokuganhurira rusununguko rwechimwe. munhu kana mumwe.
Hegemoni uye changamire, "Revhiatani" iyo yakaraira kurongeka kwayo, ingaratidzika kunge isinganzwiri tsitsi, asi Hobbes haana kuona imwe nzira kune iyo. Zvikasadaro, nyika yaizonyura munyongano ine ropa. Kubva panguva yaHobbes, kudiwa kwekuchengetedza kurongeka kwave kuchishandiswa muhukama hwepasirese kururamisa hutongi hwemasimba anotungamira, uye sezvo budiriro yakafambira mberi, mitemo iyi yakagadziridzwa muchimiro chezvibvumirano netsika dzinonzi kwete kungovimbisa. kodzero dzevane simba, asiwo kuchengetedza vasina simba uye nekuona kuti vanhu vezvematongerwo enyika vanoita. Muchokwadi, sezvatinonyatsoziva, masimba anotungamira anozvitorera iwo mabasa ekuchengetedza kurongeka uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengeta kwayo kuchityora nguva dzose, uku achirota marudzi ese ezvikonzero zveunyengeri. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuva nemitemo inotyorwa nguva nenguva kuri nani pane kusava nemitemo zvachose. Izvi zvinoratidzika sezviri pachena uye zvave zvichizivikanwa nemunhu wese.
Vanyanduri nevavengi venhevedzano vanga vari marudzi akasiyana-siyana evapanduki vakapikira kuputsa “nyika yekare yokumanikidzirwa” kuti vavake nyika itsva. Sezvatinoziva, izvi hazvina kugara zvakanaka. Izvi hazvinyanyi kukonzerwa nekuparadzwa kwenyika yekare asi nekuti nyika itsva iri kuvakwa yaratidza nguva nenguva kuva inonyumwira seyekare. Nhasi, zvisinei, tiri kuona mamiriro matsva zvachose, umo mhirizhonga uye kusagadzikana zviri kudyarwa kwete nevanopikisa uye anarchists, avo zvino vanoita sevasina kugumbura, asi nevanozvipira, vachidzivirira tsika dzechinyakare.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, rhetoric yavo inonzwika senge shanduko, sezvo isu tichigara tichinzwa zvichemo pamusoro pekusaruramisira kwehurongwa hwakasununguka - zvichemo, zvechokwadi, izvo zvakaoma kusabvumirana nazvo. Dambudziko nderekuti zvichemo izvi hazvisi kuteverwa kunyangwe nezano rekuti hukama hwakasiyana hwemagariro nehupfumi hugone kuitika. Haisi chete mitemo yakakosha ye capitalism inodzivirirwa kubva kune chero chiyero chekusahadzika, asi zvinopesana, iyi mitemo inotorwa kune yakanyanyisa, sezvo mune iyi nyaya hapana chinhu kunze kwemakwikwi.
Neiko, kunyanguvezvo, vagadziri vetsika zvino vakagadzirira kudyara nyongano pamwero uyo kunyange vanyanyisi vane simba zvikuru vezana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe nerechimakumi maviri vaigona kurota? Mushure mezvose, vanarchist havana kubata simba, nepo vapanduki mushure mekutora masimba vakatsvaga chikamu chikuru kuti vazvidzivirire (nemhedzisiro yekuti vakakurumidza kushandurwa kuita vatungamiriri vehurumende vane mwero vane chido chekutamba nemitemo, kusanganisira mitemo. izvo zvakadzivirira kodzero yavo yekuvepo). Vezvematongerwo enyika vanhasi vakasiyana chaizvo. Vane simba chairo nezviwanikwa uye nokudaro vanokwanisa kuburitsa zvinhu zvinoparadza zvisina muganhu.
Dambudziko riri pano nderekuti tsika dzechinyakare uye hunhu hunoyedzwa nevanochengetedza kana kudzoreredza zvakabvira kare zvichipokana nepfungwa yekuburitsa hupfumi hwanhasi nenharaunda. Nekuda kweizvozvo, tsika dzechivanhu hadzina kungorega kuva pfungwa inoda kuchengetedzwa kwehurongwa huripo, asi kune zvinopesana, hwakashanduka kuva chishandiso chekuparadzwa kwayo.
Sekupokana kwakaita Fredric Jameson, kusununguka kwemazuva ano kunopa zvirinani kuenderana netsika yemagariro ekupedzisira capitalism. Kana paine chikonzero chekudzivirira iyi pfungwa uye kufunga kwayo ndeimwe nyaya. Chinokosha pano hakusi kuwandisa kwehupenzi kwerusununguko rwemazuva ano, nechitendero chayo chevashoma uye kuratidzira kufuratira zvido nezvido zveruzhinji. Mamiriro ehupenyu, mikana yemagariro, uye zvinodiwa zviri kuramba zvichishanduka, uye pfungwa dzakasununguka, muchimiro chayaifungidzira mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri nerimwe, dziri munjodzi.
Sezvingatarisirwa, mhinduro yedambudziko iri haisi hutongi hwemakwikwi akazara pamwe chete nekudzvinyirirwa kwemunhu wese asina kugadzirira kutsigira "tsika dzechinyakare." Hondo yevose vachipokana nezvose zvinoparidzwa nevepfungwa dze "multipolar world" zvinoreva kuguma kwete chete kune yakasununguka budiriro, asi kune chero budiriro chero ipi zvayo. Sosaiti, uye hukama hwepasirese, hwakagara huchida shanduko dzine hwaro hunogona kungorara mutsika itsva yekubatana nekubatana, pasina izvo zvichange zvisingagoneke kugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji anotarisana nevanhu kwete chete parudzi, asiwo nhanho yepasi. .
Kubuda kweRevhiatani itsva, iko zvino kupasi rose, hakubviri kupa mhinduro kumamiriro ezvinhu aya. Mhinduro yacho inofanirwa kutsvakwa mukushandurwa kwemagariro kunoita kuti zvikwanise kukunda zvese pfungwa dzemunhu wega dzerusununguko rwemazuva ano uye hukasha hwehudzvanyiriri hwechitsva chekuchengetedza.
Dudziro yakaitwa naRenfrey Clarke
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