“Ani naani ane pwere ane remangwana.”
-Hitler ari Mein Kampf
ChiFascism mumarudzi acho akasiyana-siyana chakagara chichibudirira pakurwisa vadzidzisi, zvikoro, pfungwa dzinotsoropodza, tsika dzegutsaruzhinji, uye mapoka anonzi haasi okutsigira nyika uku achidzikamisa kupesana muzita rinonzi rerusununguko. Ron DeSantis idemogue yechitendero, yezvematongerwo enyika, uye yepfungwa ine maonero emasimba ane hutsinye sekuita mukana. Anoona rusununguko rwedzidzo uye rusununguko rwekutaura sezvikwereti zvinofanira kubviswa, zvakasiyana nezvakaitika muNazi Germany. Vakashandisa zvombo kuhurumende kuti varange maindasitiri akaita seDisney avo vakapikisa bhiri ravo rekuti “usataure ngochani”. Hunhu hune njodzi hwechiitiko ichi hunofanirwa kuve hwakajeka, kunyanya maererano nemabatiro azvinoita nematekiniki aishandiswa muhutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hwekare.[1] Akasaina mutemo Bill 233 uyo unoda kuti makoreji eruzhinji eFlorida nemayunivhesiti aite ongororo yegore negore yezvinotendwa nevadzidzi nevadzidzisi kuitira kuti “vaone mazinga emasangano e‘rusununguko rwepfungwa uye kusiyana kwemaonero’.” Munhu anogona kungofunga kuti avo vane maonero anopesana nemaonero aDeSantis enhoroondo, zvematongerwo enyika, uye chiremera vachanzi "vasina nyika" uye vanomanikidzwa kuenderana nedzidziso yake yekudzidzisa uye marongero kana kurasikirwa nemabasa. Izvi hazvina kusiyana nezvakaitika mukuvhima varoyi kwakaitwa panguva yeMcCarthy neDare reImba pamusoro peZviitwa zveUn-American muma1950s umo vadzidzisi vakati wandei vakadzingwa nekuda kwekunzi vane maonero ekupandukira.[2] Pamusoro pezvo, mazano aDeSantis ekurambidza, uye minda yese yekudzidza-senge gender uye dzinza zvidzidzo- ine chinangwa chekushandura kudzidza kumakoreji nemayunivhesiti kuita hupenzi, uyo ane chinangwa chekupedzisira kudzikisa kugona kwevechidiki kufunga. zvakanyanya, dzidza kubva munhoroondo, uye ita kuti simba rizvidavirire.
Yese nhanho yedzidzo yakakombwa muFlorida. Nezve dzidzo yeruzhinji, DeSantis inowedzera nekuwedzera mutemo wekudzima uye kugadzirwa kusaziva uko kuri kuGOP iyo inopa simba rekufambisa rekurambidza nyika yose kwemabhuku uye zvirambidzo pakudzidzisa nezvedzinza uye murume kana mukadzi muzvikoro zveveruzhinji. Sezvakataurwa naJulianne Malveaux, "Mabhuku anopfuura 1600 akarambidzwa mumatunhu echikoro 138 mumatunhu makumi matatu nematatu kusvika pari zvino, sezvo kukurumidza kwekusaziva kuri kuwedzera. Pakati pemabhuku akarambidzwa - aToni Morrison Ziso reblue uye Vanodiwa; uye Margaret Atwood's, The Handmaid's Tale. "[3] Mukuwedzera, sezvinoratidzwa naSarah Schwartz Vhiki Yedzidzo: “Kubva muna Ndira 2021, vamiriri vemitemo mumatunhu makumi mana nemana vakaunza mabhiri kana mamwe marongero angaganhurira matauriro angaitwa nevadzidzisi nezverusaruraganda uye rusaruraganda, maererano neongororo yeVhiki Redzidzo. Nyika gumi nesere dzakatemera zvirango izvi.[4]
Iyi idzidziso yehudzvanyiriri mukushumirwa kwezvinangwa zvefascist. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti muNazi Germany, vadzidzisi vaionekwa se“vasina kuvimbika mune zvematongerwo enyika” vakabviswa muhurongwa hwechikoro, mabhuku akapiswa. uye mapoka akasarudzwa aionekwa semaparasite.[5] DeSantis inombundira fascism imhando yechitendero chezvematongerwo enyika nekusimbisa kwayo pane theatre, peji, uye mhemberero-yakafanana nechitendero chekutonga-pasi.[6] Kunyepedzera kwake kwoubati ushe hwaMwari kwakanga kuri pachena zvikuru apo iye akarondedzerwa seakatumwa naMwari mune imwe yeziviso dzake amene dzenhimbe.[7] Hondo yake pamusoro pekugona kwevadzidzi kudzidziswa kufunga, kukudziridza ruzivo rwenhoroondo, uye kukudziridza pfungwa yekubatanidzwa kwehushingi hweveruzhinji zvinhu zvine chekuita nedemagogues.[8] DeSantis inoda kushandura veruzhinji uye dzidzo yepamusoro kuita hushumiri hutsva hwekunyepedzera kwete kusiyana nehope dzeGoebbels dzekutonga ese maficha edzidzo muNazi Germany. Stephen F. Eisenman achinyora muCounterpunch anonyatso ongorora mitemo yeDeSantis seinodzokorora zvakawanda zvezvinangwa zvehurumende yeNazi. Akakodzera kutaura kwenguva refu:
Kune murume ane hushamwari hwese hwaAdolf Hitler uye pasina hunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura, Ron DeSantis anoratidza kuzvikudza kunoshamisa. Anobatirira padzidziso yakaoma yerudzi, mharadzano, trans identity, immigration, uye kodzero dzekuvhota, sekunge ane chaanoziva nezvavo. Kutaura zvazviri, harangu dzake dzokusaziva kuedza kuunza vangwaru vanotsoropodza uye kupukuta swastika yake, izvo zvinopisa magwaro ake ari kure-kurudyi. Izwi rinouya mumusoro mune ino chirevo ndere "Gleichshaltung", izwi rechiGerman rekuti "kuunza mukuenderana" kana "Nazification." Vavariro yehutongi hweNazi kubva pakutora simba kwaHitler muna 1933 kusvika pakupasiswa kweMitemo yeNuremburg muna 1935 yaive yekuunza masangano ese ehurumende nemasangano akazvimirira kuti aenderane nechido chaFührer. Kudzorwa kwenhau, kutonga kwehupenyu hwemazuva ese, kubviswa kwerusununguko rwekutaura, kuparadzwa kwedziviriro yebumbiro, kutonga kwemasangano evashandi, kugadzwa kwehurumende yehudzvanyiriri (rimwe bato) uye kupera kwekodzero dzevanhu vashoma (kunyanya maJuda) zvese zvaive zvakakosha. zvinhu zveGleichshaltung.[9]
Mitemo yaDeSantis ndiyo magumo e capitalism yakarasikirwa nekugona kuzvidzivirira uye yave morphed kuita chimiro chefascism. Zvinhu zvose zviripo kuti zvibudise nzira dzekudzidzisa dzeudzvanyiriri dzinosanganisira kuramba nhoroondo, nekudaro kubuda kwedzidziso yezvakaitika kare amnesia; kurambwa kwesimba rezvimiro zvemagariro kuti ribudise madhigirii makuru ekusaenzana muupfumi nesimba; iyo yakasarudzika yega yesangano uye kuyedza kuenderera mberi kwekuita zvematongerwo enyika vechidiki, kunyanya kuburikidza nedzidziso yekusaziva kwakagadzirwa; kuramba kubvuma kuti hunhu hwemagariro uye zvimiro zvinopindirana sei kune mumwe nemumwe; pfungwa yenharaunda yakarongeka pamusoro pekutya uye kusarura; uye kupengeswa nesimba uye kuita kwayo kwechiremera kuburikidza nekuparadzwa kwemasangano anokurudzira vagari vakabatikana.
Kurwisa kwake veruzhinji uye dzidzo yepamusoro chikamu chezvematongerwo enyika zvakapararira zvevachena nyika uye kucheneswa kwemarudzi kwakavakirwa padzidziso dzeeugenist dzedzidziso yekutsiva vachena. Pfungwa yake yekuve mugari wenyika yakachengeterwa vachena vechiKristu nyika uye yakadzika midzi mumafungiro ehutongi hwevachena. Sezvakataurwa naKathryn Joyce mukati Vanity Fair, chinangwa chekutora kweDeSantis kwekutonga kweNew College yeFlorida kuri kuenderera mberi ndeyekuishandura kuita chigayo chekurudyi chekudzidzisa chakagadzirirwa kuratidza dzidziso dzechiKristu neyechinyakare uye "kumisa mafambiro edzidziso yeMarxist." Iko kugadzirisa kwakakurudzira Cayeene Linke, uyo akapinda New College kuma1990s, kuti "Ndinonzwa kunge ndakamira pamawere eFourth Reich."
DeSantis kutyisidzira kwete kuruzhinji uye dzidzo yepamusoro asi kune demokrasi pachayo (yatove mukusununguka). Bhiri rake raakada kurambidza zvidzidzo zvevakadzi, kuparadza chigaro, uye kushandura hutongi hwedzidzo yepamusoro kune zvematongerwo enyika hacks mufananidzo wezvakaitika muNazi Germany nedzimwe nyika dzehudzvanyiriri muma1930 nema1970. Hapana kupokana kudiki kuti mitemo yeDeSantis yedzidzo inofanana neiyo yaishandiswa nevane masimba munguva yakapfuura. Somunyori wenhau dzakaitika, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, anoti:
Vane simba vanonyangarika vanhu, uye zvakare vanonyangarika nzvimbo dzeruzivo dzinokurudzira kufunga kwakadzama kana zvinopokana nemafungiro avo uye zvinangwa zveinjiniya. MuGermany yaHitler, kutsoropodza unyanzvi kwakarambidzwa. MuPinochet's Chile, madhipatimendi ehuzivi nemagariro akavharwa. Mutevedzeri wemufirimu Federico Fellini, akatanga basa rake panguva yehudzvanyiriri hwaBenito Mussolini (1925-1943), akadana kudzora kwakadaro "hurongwa hwemhirizhonga" kune "zvidzidzo zvavanoda kuviga nekuvadzivirira, nekusingaperi, kubva pakuitika." Munyika dzakasimba, uko kutaura kunze kunogona kuunza kuparadzwa kwehunyanzvi kana kukuvadzwa mumuviri kwauri nemhuri yako, kuzviongorora kunogona kuve nzira yekupona.[10]
Bhiri rake razvino reHB 999 rakagadzirirwa kushandura zvikoro zvepamusoro muFlorida kuita marabhoritari efascism. Bhiri iri rinodaidzira kubviswa kwezvikamu zvese zvezvidzidzo nezvirongwa, zvinosanganisira zvidzidzo zvevakadzi, dzidziso yedzinza rakakosha, uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvinobata nyaya dzakakosha dzemagariro. Zvaizorambidza kudzidzisa “zvekuzivikanwa zvematongerwo enyika,” uye zvaizoda kuti mudzidzi wese atore kosi yedzidzo yaizodzidzisa “hunhu hwekuda nyika,” ichiratidzira se“hunhu hunodiwa kuchengetedza bumbiro remutemo.” Sekureva kwaDeSantis, zvirongwa zvakarambidzwa izvi zvinomiririra izvo zvaakadaidza kuti "zombie zvidzidzo." Pane zvakawanda zviri kushanda pano kuti "hurumende yekudzora."[11]
Muchimiro chechokwadi cheOrwellian, DeSantis anotora mutauro werusununguko kudzivirira marongero anodzvanyirira anoparadza chero pfungwa inoshanda yerusununguko rwedzidzo, uye rusununguko rwekugadzirisa zvakakosha zvemagariro. Semuenzaniso, anorambidza mabhuku, kugara, kupokana, uye kushoropodza mukirasi muzita rekusimudzira "rusununguko rwepfungwa." Anodzivirira marongero ake sematanho anosimudzira nhaurwa yeruzhinji, asi muchokwadi angori maturusi ekudzidzisa chaiko. Pfungwa yake yekutonga mudzidzo yepamusoro inoisa simba mumaoko evanyengeri vezvematongerwo enyika avo vane hurumende yakapa mvumo yekusahaya chete nevadzidzisi vemoto, asiwo kubvisa chigaro, squash rusununguko rwedzidzo, uye kuita mafomu edzidziso anozoshandura chizvarwa chose. yevadzidzi kuva vacheche, vasina ruzivo, "vanoda nyika," vanobvumirana. Vechidiki vane pfungwa dzakakomba vanotyisidzira vavariro yezvematongerwo enyika yeDeSantis uye maonero epasirese, sezvakaita masangano ehurumende umo kudzidzisa kwakakosha uye kudzidza kunogona kutsigirwa. Aya mazano mamwe chetewo akambonangidzirwa kupwere dzeGermany muGermany yaHitler. Dzidzo mune ino nyika maonero kodhi yekudzidzira uye kuparadzwa kwendangariro, kupokana, kufunga kwakadzama, tsika dzedemocracy, uye kushinga kwevanhu.
DeSantis haadi kuti vadzidzi vanzwe nezve huranda, iyo 1619 Project, James Baldwin kana Audre Lorde pakati pevamwe nekuti zvinogona kuita kuti vasagadzikana. Chinhu chekupedzisira chaanoda ndechekuti vechidiki vanzwe nezvevatema rusununguko mafambiro uye varatidziri vemakumi matanhatu vaisanganisira SNCC, iyo Black Panthers, Angela Davis, Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, uye Fred Hampton. Chinovhundutsa vachena vepamusoro-soro uye vatsigiri vezvechisimba ve gangster capitalism seDeSantis ndechekuti mafambiro aya haana kurwisa rusaruraganda chete, akarwisawo mazinga anoshamisa ekusaenzana. Sezvo Tom Hall achinyatsojekesa mukati LA Progressive, "Mushure memakumi emakore ekushanda, mumwe nomumwe wavo akanzwisisa kuti kururamisira kwemarudzi kwaisazombovapo pasina kururamisira mune zvehupfumi."[12] Zvichitaurwa zvakajeka, kurwisana nerusaruraganda kwaisagona kubviswa mukurwisana necapitalism.
Chero nzira yedzidzo inogadzirisa zvakakosha zvemagariro uye kubvunzurudza uye kudzidza kubva munhoroondo inonyangadza kuna DeSantis. Kwete nekuti haazive, asi nekuti anobatsirwa nehukama hwemasimba e capitalist, hunhu, uye pfungwa dzinofambiswa nemusika dzinobudirira pamakaro, rusarura, uye zvematongerwo enyika zvekusabatanidzwa. Zvaanoramba ipfungwa dzipi nedzipi dzedzidziso dzinotsoropodza dzinovhiringidza vadzidzi, dzinoita ruzivo rwuri kunetsa, mibvunzo yefungidziro dze commonsense, inopinza vadzidzi tsika yekubvunza, uye inovadzidzisa maitiro ekuita kuti simba rizvidavirire.[13] Dzidzo yakakosha haitangi nemutauro wekunyaradza, ichienderana nekutenda kwaDeSantis kuti Vadzidzi havafanirwe kushatswa mukirasi! Ichi chinzvimbo hachingoputsi vezvematongerwo enyika neveruzhinji kuita zvemunhu asi chinoramba kuwiriranisa dzidzo nezvainoreva uye kutsvaga kururamisira, chokwadi, uye zvazvinoreva kuti vadzidzi vadzidze kubatanidza hupenyu hwavo kune mesh yeruzivo uye hukama hwemagariro. wedzera fungidziro yemagariro neruzhinji. Dzidzo yakakosha inofanirwa kubatanidza vadzidzi kuchinangwa chepamusoro, masimba ekuchengetana, maitiro ane revo ekubatana, uye hurukuro yekusimbisana.
DeSantis yakagamuchira chena supremacist ideology uye ideology yehutongi iyo yakatipa Lester Maddox naGeorge Wallace. Kuna Maddox naWallace, rusaruraganda rwakaitwa setiyeta uye rwakakonzera kurwiswa zvine hutsinye pamitumbi yeVatema. KuDeSantis, hondo yedzidzo inomiririra imwe nzira yemhirizhonga-kurova pfungwa. Inoenda kumoyo wezvazvinoreva kuuraya democracy seyakanaka nekudzivirira masangano ehurumende kuti aburitse vagari vane ruzivo uye vanobatikana. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinhu chefascist chemitemo yake yedzidzo chinoshanda semujaho uye kirasi yekuronga muchina. Kubasa pano ipurojekiti yedzidzo mukushandira kwete kungodzvanyirira rusununguko rwedzidzo uye dzidzo setsika yerusununguko, asi zvakare yakatsaurirwa kune zvematongerwo enyika zvekurasa, kunyangarika, uye kudzima.
Kugamuchirwa kuNazification yeAmerican nzanga.
Notes.
[1] Ona, semuenzaniso, Ruth Ben-Ghiat, Strongmen: Mussolini kusvika Ikozvino (New York: Norton, 2020).
[2] Ona, kunyanya, Ellen Schrecker, "Miedzo yezvematongerwo enyika yeVaporofesa: Dzidzo Yerusununguko panguva yeMcCarthy Makore,” University of California History Project (Gumiguru 7, 1999).
[3] Julianne Malveaux, "Nhoroondo yeAfrica America Ndiyo Nhoroondo yeAmerica, " LA Progressive (Kukadzi 28, 2023).
[4] Sarah Schwartz, "Ko Zvirambidzo Pakudzidzisa 'Zvine nharo' Nyaya Dzichanangana neMakirasi eSainzi?, " Vhiki Yedzidzo (Kukadzi 15, 2023).
[5] Ona Richard J. Evans, Yechitatu Reich In Power (New York: Penguin 2005), kunyanya mapeji 263-298.
[6] Paul Jackson, "Zvitendero zvezvematongerwo enyika uye fascism,” OpenDemocracy (Chikunguru 29, 2019).
[7] Jared Gans, "DeSantis inoburitsa itsva 2022 ad: 'Mwari vakaita murwi', " The Hill (November 4, 2022); Amy Eskind, "Ron DeSantis' Campaign Ad Anoti Akatumwa naMwari 'Kutora Miseve', " vanhu (Mbudzi 7, 2022).
[8] Suzie Null,"Kurwisa Vadzidzisi uye Kurambidza Mabhuku ndiyo Poindi - Chikamu I: The Fascist Playbook." nzira [Mbudzi 18, 2021].
[9] Stephen F. Eisenman, "The Florida Strong-Man, " CounterPunch (Ndira 27, 2023). Pamhepo:
[10] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, "Hondo yeKurudyi pamayunivhesiti. " Iyo New York Ongororo yeMabhuku [Gumiguru 15, 2020]. Pamhepo:
[11] Areeba Shah,"Nyanzvi dzakavhundutsa pamusoro peFlorida GOP bhiri iro 'richaunza hurumende yekuongororwa' kumakoreji, " ratidza (Kukadzi 27, 2023).
[12] Tim Hall, "DeSantis Zviripachena Anotenda Black Lives Matter,” LA Progressive (Kukadzi 27, 2023).
[13] Ruth Ben-Ghiat, "Ron DeSantis's Dystopian Vision yeAmerican Youth. " Lucid Substack [Kukadzi 7, 2023].
ZNetwork inopihwa mari chete kuburikidza nerupo rwevaverengi vayo.
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