PAFUPIFUPI zaka 11 kuchokera pamene zinthu zomvetsa chisoni zinachitika pa September 2001, XNUMX, dziko likuvutikabe ndi zotsatira za zigawenga komanso kusintha kwa ndale komwe kunatsatira.
Patangopita nthawi yochepa chiwembuchi chitatha, Pulezidenti George W. Bush ndi anthu amene ankakonza zoti achite nawo usilikali ankakambirana mmene angagwiritsire ntchito mkwiyo wa anthu komanso mantha awo pa nkhani zandale.
Boma la Bush lidawona zochitika zowopsa za Seputembara 11 ngati mwayi wosowa woti achite zomwe zidachitika kale zisanachitike ndikuyika izi ngati njira zodzitetezera osati zokhumudwitsa. Bush ndi wachiwiri kwa purezidenti wake, a Dick Cheney, nthawi yomweyo adayamba kulimbana ndi dziko la Iraq, ngakhale dzikolo linalibe mgwirizano ndi ziwawazo.
Mamembala otsogola a Bush Bush anali omasuka kufotokoza za pambuyo pa Seputembara 11 ngati "mwayi." Pambuyo pa Seputembara 11, Condoleezza Rice, mlangizi wachitetezo cha dziko la Bush komanso mlembi wa boma, adafunsa akuluakulu achitetezo cha dziko kuti aganizire za momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mwayiwu, "omwe anali "kusintha ma tectonic plates mu ndale zapadziko lonse" kuti apindule ndi US.
"Ndikuganiza kuti nthawi imeneyi ndi yofanana ndi 1945 mpaka 1947," Rice adauza mtolankhani wina. "Ndipo ndikofunikira kuyesa kutengera izi ndikuyika zokonda zaku America ndi mabungwe ndi zonsezo asanaumitsenso."
Bush adapempha gulu la al-Qaeda ndi World Trade Center ndi Pentagon kuti aziwukira mobwerezabwereza polankhula pagulu la Iraq, pomwe akuluakulu aboma adaganiza zogulitsa nkhondoyo, ndipo pamapeto pake adayambitsa chinyengo pakati pa anthu ambiri aku US kuti Iraq idalumikizidwa ndi Seputembala 11. .
Komabe, cholinga chofulumira kwambiri chinali Afghanistan. Bush ndi Co. adanena kuti akuukira ndi kulanda dziko la Afghanistan-akadali olanda mpaka lero, popanda mapeto - chifukwa Afghanistan inali maziko a zigawenga za September 11.
M'malo mwake, olamulira a Bush amangofuna kubwezera komanso chandamale chosavuta kumenya, ngakhale kuti anthu omwe angakumane ndi zotsatirapo zake anali anthu wamba aku Afghanistan, omwe analibe udindo uliwonse pa Seputembara 11.
Pokhala ndi ma Democrats motetezeka, olamulira a Bush adafuna kuti kuwukira ku Afghanistan kukhale chiwonetsero champhamvu chomwe chingakhale ndi "chiwonetsero," kuwonetsa mayiko ena kuti boma la US lili ndi ufulu - womwe ukhoza kuwonjezera pang'ono. maziko kwa ogwirizana nawo, monga Israeli-kuchita "kumenya mwadala" motsutsana ndi dziko lililonse lomwe lingasankhe.
Ngakhale ambiri ankafuna kufotokoza ndondomeko zaukali za kayendetsedwe ka Bush monga kusokoneza kapena nkhani ya neoconservatives kapena ma Republicans akupanga kusintha kwakukulu kwa mfundo za US, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimatchedwa "nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga," dzina lililonse lomwe amatchula, akhala akuphatikizana kwambiri ndipo apitilira munjira zambiri pansi pa Purezidenti Barack Obama.
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PA OCTOBER 6, 2011, dziko la US ku Afghanistan lidzalowa chaka chakhumi ndi chimodzi. Ngakhale Osama bin Laden ataphedwa mu May 2011 ku Pakistan, ntchitoyo ikupitirirabe monga kale.
Kuphana kopanda chilungamo kudadzetsa zikondwerero zowopsa za mphamvu zachifumu zaku US komanso kusayeruzika, koma pafupifupi palibe m'modzi mwa olemba nkhani omwe adasamala za momwe United States idalima bin Laden ndi ogwirizana nawo ngati gawo lothandizira gulu la Jihadist lomwe likulimbana ndi Soviet Union - zambiri. monga Washington adathandiziranso Saddam Hussein kwa zaka zambiri ku Iraq pomwe amachita zolakwa zake zoipitsitsa.
Ngakhale amalankhula m'manyuzipepala a "kuchoka," ThinkProgress.com ikuti ngakhale gulu lankhondo "likuchepetsedwa ngati momwe adakonzera, United States ikadakhala ndi asitikali ambiri ku Afghanistan kuposa momwe idakhalira pomwe Obama adalowa muudindo ndi zina zambiri. kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse muulamuliro wa Purezidenti wakale George W. Bush. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchepa kwa magulu ankhondo sikungatifikitse pafupi ndi kuthetsa nkhondo kumapeto kwa 2012. "
Imfa za anthu wamba ku Afghanistan mu theka loyamba la 2011 zidakwera ndi 15 peresenti panthawi yomweyi mu 2010, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa United Nations. Monga Wall Street Journallipoti, May 2011 "unali mwezi wakupha kwambiri kuyambira pamene chiwerengero cha anthu ophedwa chinayamba mu 2007, ndi imfa za 368 ndi kuvulala kwa anthu wamba 593, malinga ndi lipotilo. June anali ndi zochitika zambiri zachitetezo, ndi zochitika zachitetezo 11,862 mu theka loyamba la 2011, poyerekeza ndi 8,242 theka loyamba la 2010 ndi 5,095 nthawi yomweyo mu 2009.
Ambiri mwa anthu omwe amafawa abwera chifukwa cha nkhondo yomwe siinatchulidwepo pomwe asitikali aku US akuchulukirachulukira ku Afghanistan. Monga wolemba Tom Engelhardt akulemba m'buku lake lomwe likubwera la Haymarket United States of Fear, "kuphedwa ndi ndege kwakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri la ndondomeko yachilendo ndi nkhondo ya boma la Obama, komabe mawu oti kupha - ndi zotsatira zake zonse zoipa, malamulo ndi zina - zachotsedwa chifukwa cha anodyne, mawu olamulira. kupha munthu.”
Boma la Obama likufunafuna njira zopititsira patsogolo kukhalapo kwawo ku Iraq kupitilira nthawi yomwe idakambidwa kale kumapeto kwa 2011.
Ngakhale tsogolo la asitikali omwe ali pantchito silikudziwikabe, "alangizi" osiyanasiyana ndi makontrakitala azinsinsi azikhalabe, ndipo Iraq ili ndi makhazikitsidwe ndi maziko omwe asitikali aku US sakufuna kuwasiya. Ku Baghdad, dziko la United States lamanga ofesi ya kazembe yaikulu kwambiri imene boma lililonse padziko lapansi linamangapo, ndipo idzagwiritsa ntchito mpata uliwonse umene ungathe kukulitsa mphamvu zake pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri za dziko la Iraq ndi kupititsa patsogolo malo ake abwino m’dera limene lili lalikulu kwambiri. kufunika kwachiwonetsero cha U.S. cha mphamvu.
Nkhondo yapadziko lonse ya US yolimbana ndi zigawenga imapitilira ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq. Dziko la United States lagwiritsa ntchito ziwopsezo za ndege zowulutsa ndege ku Pakistan, Yemen ndi Somalia; adatsogolera nkhondo yamlengalenga motsutsana ndi Libya popanda chilolezo cha DRM; ndipo adagwirizana ndi kuukira kwa Israeli ku Gaza, Lebanon ndi Syria potengera lingaliro la "kuteteza" nkhondo. Mayiko ena, kuyambira ku Russia mpaka ku India, anena kuti nawonso ali ndi ufulu woukira ndikuphulitsa maiko kuti athetse uchigawenga.
Monga momwe Nick Turse amanenera, "Chaka chatha, Karen DeYoung ndi Greg Jaffe a Washington Post Adanenanso kuti magulu ankhondo a U.S. Special Operations adatumizidwa m'maiko 75, kuchokera pa 60 kumapeto kwa utsogoleri wa Bush. Kumapeto kwa chaka chino, mneneri wa U.S. Special Operation Command wa ku United States, Col. Tim Nye, anandiuza kuti chiŵerengerocho chikhoza kufika pa 120.”
US idachita nawo ntchito zakuba ndi kupha anthu padziko lonse lapansi m'maiko angapo, idakhazikitsa malo ozunzirako anthu kuyambira ku Guantánamo Bay ku Cuba kupita ku Bagram ku Afghanistan ndikukulitsa zida zankhondo ndi mafakitale ndi "chitetezo cha dziko" chatsopano chomwe chikuchulukirachulukira. ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbana ndi anthu osagwirizana ndi kuletsa ufulu wa anthu ku United States.
Pochita izi, Purezidenti Obama adalandira zinthu zambiri za kukula kwa mphamvu za Bush ndi Co. zomwe zinapangidwa pambuyo pa September 11. Monga Michael Ratner, pulezidenti wa Center for Constitutional Rights, adanena poyankhulana ndi muNdemanga ya International Socialist, "[O] nthawi zambiri, ndondomeko za Obama zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko za Bush-ndizofanana. Nthawi zina ... Obama amadutsa Bush. "
Ma thililiyoni a madola adatsanuliridwa pamtengo wothamangitsira nkhondozi kunja ndi kunyumba, kuwononga ndalama kuchokera kusukulu, chithandizo chamankhwala ndi zosowa zina zofunika zamagulu.
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M’CHIFUKWA chimenechi, takumananso ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi zotsatira zake zowononga kwambiri.
Zofalitsa zokhazikitsidwa zathandiza kwambiri kugulitsa ntchito za Iraq ndi Afghanistan, komanso "nkhondo yolimbana ndi zoopsa". The New York Times ndi magazini ena omasuka monga latsopano Yorker adagulitsa kuwukira kwa Iraq m'njira yomwe Bush yekha sangakhale nayo popanda kunena zabodza komanso zabodza ngati zoona.
Tawonanso kulunjika kwa Asilamu, Aluya, othawa kwawo komanso anthu amitundu mokulirapo kuti athandizire kumenya nkhondo. Kulankhula kumeneku, koposa kulungamitsa kupha anthu wamba kunja, kwatsimikiziranso kuukira kwa tsankho kunyumba kwawo ndipo kwakhudza kwambiri madera chifukwa choopa zomwe zingawachitikire ngati anganene poyera motsutsana ndi zomwe US achita.
M'malo mopanga dziko lapansi kukhala malo otetezeka kapena kufalitsa demokalase, monga Bush ndi Obama amanenera, mfundo za US zasokoneza dziko lapansi, zalimbikitsa mayendedwe ambiri kunyumba ndi kunja, zomwe zathandizira kukopa ndi kulemba anthu ntchito za Taliban ndi al-Qaeda. , ndipo zinapangitsa kuti dziko la United States likhale lodedwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi-ndipo pochita izi zinapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti wina afune kuyambitsanso zigawenga pano.
Misonkho ya zaka 10 zapitazi ndi yoipa. Ziyenera kuphatikiza kutayika kwakukulu kwa moyo ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan; mamiliyoni amene anasamutsidwa kwawo ndi kuwukiridwako ndi zotsatira zake; imfa za achinyamata ogwira ntchito, makamaka ochokera kumidzi, otumizidwa kukapha ndi kufa ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq popanda chifukwa; zotsatira za madera ndi mabanja omwe asokonezeka chifukwa cha zoopsazi; kukokoloka kwa ufulu wa anthu; ndi zina zambiri.
Ena amaganiza kuti kusankhidwa kwa Barack Obama kudzatseka mutu woyipawu m'mbiri yathu. Sizinatero. M'malo mwake, a Obama adakonza ndondomeko za nthawi ya Bush, ndondomeko yomwe Bush mwiniyo anali atayamba kale mu nthawi yake yachiwiri pamene alangizi ake adazindikira kuti kusagwirizana ndi kudzikuza kwa gawo loyambirira la nkhondo zawo kunali kupatutsa ogwirizana nawo mopanda chifukwa.
Obama wakonzanso ndipo wapereka kuvomerezeka kwatsopano kwa mfundo zomwe ena adaziwona ngati zachilendo, koma tsopano akutetezedwa kapena kukhululukidwa ndi omwe malingaliro awo andale amafotokozedwa ndi ndale za chipani cha Democratic Party.
N'zosadabwitsa kuti tawona zopinga zatsopano za gulu lodana ndi nkhondo komanso kuchepa kwa ziwonetsero kuyambira chisankho cha Obama, osati kukula kwa kumanzere komwe ena adaneneratu poyitana voti ya Obama, ngakhale kuti anali ndi cholinga chofuna kukulitsa kupezeka kwa US ku Afghanistan ndi kuvomereza kwake kuvomereza mfundo zambiri za nthawi ya Bush.
Koma chowonadi ndi chakuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa malingaliro ndi zochita za Washington (ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwake kwa media echo chipinda) ndi zomwe zili m'maiko ambiri.
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ZAKA 10 kuchokera pa September 11 zasonyeza kwa anthu miyandamiyanda kuti tikukhala m’dziko lovuta kwambiri. Zachititsa kuti anthu mamiliyoni ambiri azitsutsa nkhondo ndi ntchito, ngakhale kuti pali mauthenga ambiri ofalitsa nkhani ndi zaboma komanso kuchotsedwa kwa mawu odana ndi nkhondo pa zokambirana za ndale ndi mkangano. Padziko lonse lapansi, anthu ayenda m’misewu ndi kuguba pofuna kuti zinthu zisinthe.
Ngakhale kupitilirabe kusuntha kumtunda, anthu ambiri adakana kuukiridwa kwa Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Anthu amafuna ndalama zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa usilikali komanso zambiri zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha anthu ndi zaumoyo. Ndipo pankhani zosiyanasiyana, anthu amaona kuti boma silimakwaniritsa zofuna zawo.
Padakali kulira kofunikira kuti titseke kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro otchukawa ndi bungwe lomwe tikufunika kuti tisinthe kukhala njira zowonetsera.
Tiyenera, choyamba, kuti tiyambe ndikumanganso gulu lodana ndi nkhondo lomwe liri lodziyimira pawokha pamagulu onse ogwirizana ndi nkhondo. Gululo liyenera kukhala lophatikizana ndi Asilamu ndi ena omwe akulunjika ngati gawo la chithandizo chankhondo chosatha. Ndipo ikufunikanso kuphatikiza asitikali ndi akale, ndi mabanja awo, akufunsidwa kuti amenye nkhondozi.
Chikondwerero cha 10th cha 9/11 chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ambiri kulimbikitsa kukonda dziko lako komanso zankhondo ndikulungamitsa kupitiliza kwa nkhondo zoopsa zomwe zamenyedwa m'dzina lathu.
Koma sitingalole kuti izi ziwopsyeze ife omwe tikudziwa kuti tsoka la imfa ya September 11 likungowonjezereka ndi imfa yatsopano ku Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan ndi kupitirira.
Pa Okutobala 6, komanso m'masiku otsatira, anthu adzasonkhana ku Washington, DC, kutsutsa zomwe zikuchitika ku Afghanistan ndi Iraq - ndi zochitika za mgwirizano zomwe zikuchitika m'mizinda ina. Bungwe latsopano, United National Antiwar Coalition, likuyesera kudzaza malo opanda kanthu omwe anasiya chifukwa cha kugwa kwa mabungwe ena ndi migwirizano yomwe inalephera kumanga bwino gulu lodziimira pawokha lankhondo m'zaka khumi zapitazi.
Awa akadali masitepe ochepa, koma ofunikira. Zinatenga zaka zambiri kuti zikhale zotsutsana ndi nkhondo ya US ku Vietnam, koma pamapeto pake, kayendetsedwe kameneka ndi kukana ku Vietnam kunachititsa kuti United States igonjetsedwe komanso kamphindi kakang'ono komwe kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri. akanapambana.
Sitiyenera kukhumudwa ndi zopinga ndi zovuta zazaka khumi zapitazi. Zochulukira kwambiri zili pachiwopsezo. Njira yomwe atsogoleri athu atikhazikitsira ndi yomwe imatsogolera kunkhondo zambiri komanso kuthekera kwenikweni kwa chiwonongeko, kudzera munkhondo yanyukiliya kapena kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Ndi njira yopita ku barbarism.
Tiyenera kukhazikitsa njira ina - kudziko lopanda ntchito, dziko lopanda zida za nyukiliya, dziko limene timagawana m'malo molimbana ndi chuma cha dziko lapansi, dziko lozikidwa pa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano. Mwachidule, socialism.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama