Masiku ano tili m’mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Ngakhale pali kampeni yayikulu yolimbikitsa kulanda dziko la Iraq, anthu ambiri ku United States tsopano akukhulupirira kuti kuwukirako sikunali koyenera ndipo sikunayenera kuchitika.
Momwemonso, anthu amatsutsa kwambiri mfundo zakunja za Republican ndi Democrats ku Congress, makamaka momwe amaonera nkhondo ku Iraq. Mu kafukufuku wa Seputembala 2005 wa New York Times-CBS News, thandizo loti atuluke mwachangu lidafika pa 52 peresenti, chiwerengero chodabwitsa kwambiri munthu akaganizira kuti ndi mabungwe ochepa andale omwe anena za "Out Now".
Zodzilungamitsa zovomerezeka zankhondo zavumbulutsidwa ngati chinyengo chonse. Ngakhale oteteza ufumu wa US tsopano akudandaula kuti zomwe zikuchitika ku Iraq ndi tsoka.
Komabe anthu ambiri omwe adatsutsa kuwukira kopanda chilungamo kumeneku, omwe adatsutsa nkhondo ya 1991 Gulf ndi zilango ku Iraq zaka zambiri zisanachitike, ena mwa omwe adachita nawo ziwonetsero zotsutsana ndi nkhondoyi isanayambe, adakopeka kuti asitikali aku US akuyenera kukhalabe ku Iraq. kuti apindule ndi anthu aku Iraq. Tikukumana ndi zovuta za anthu ambiri omwe akulimbana ndi nkhondo yopanda chilungamo koma monyinyirika kuthandizira ntchito yankhondo yomwe imachokera mwachindunji.
Mwa zina, izi zimachokera kumalingaliro opanda chiyembekezo omwe ambiri adapeza pambuyo pa February 15, 2003, tsiku la ziwonetsero zapadziko lonse -mwinamwake ziwonetsero zazikulu kwambiri zomwe zidachitika m'mbiri ya anthu - zidalephera kuletsa nkhondo. Kukayikira kumeneku kunakulitsidwa ndi ena mwa olankhula omenyera nkhondo, omwe adasokeretsa omvera ponena kuti ziwonetserozo zitha kuyimitsa nkhondoyo. Ngakhale kuti ziwonetserozo zinali zolimbikitsa, zikadatengera ziwonetsero zochulukirapo, kukonza zinthu, komanso kusokoneza bizinesi monga mwanthawi zonse kuti achite izi.
Phunziro la February 15 sikuti zionetsero sizikugwiranso ntchito, koma zionetserozi ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika, zogwirizana, zamphamvu, zolimbikira, komanso zolimba mtima, m'malo mongodzipatula komanso kudzipatula. Ndipo ikufunika kuphatikiza anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito, omenyera nkhondo, mabanja ankhondo, okana kulowa usilikali chifukwa cha chikumbumtima, Aluya, Asilamu, ndi anthu ena ochokera m'madera omwe akuwunikiridwa, osati ongoyang'ana chabe koma monga otenga nawo mbali ndi atsogoleri achangu.
Tidzafunika zionetsero zamtunduwu kuti tithetse ntchito ya Iraq. Koma tidzafunikanso kuyankha zotsutsa ndi zodetsa nkhawa za anthu oganiza bwino, omwe ali ndi zolinga zabwino omwe adakopeka ndi mfundo imodzi kapena zingapo za chifukwa chake asilikali a US ayenera kukhala ku Iraq, mpaka "kukhazikika" kubwezeretsedwa. Pansipa, ndikufotokoza zifukwa zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe United States ikuyenera kuchoka ku Iraq nthawi yomweyo, ndikuyankha zotsutsana zomwe United States ikuyenera "kusiya maphunziro."
ASILIKALI WA U.S. ALIBE UFULU WA KUKHALA KU IRAQ KOYAMBA.
Boma la Bush lidapanga mlandu wawo woukira Iraq pazachinyengo zingapo. Nkhondo ku Iraq idagulitsidwa pa lingaliro lakuti United States ikuyambitsa zigawenga za Iraq. Koma Iraq inalibe chiwopsezo. Dzikoli linalandidwa zida ndipo linatsatira kwambiri kuyendera kwa zida zowononga kwambiri. Munthawi yosowa kukhulupirika, Wachiwiri kwa Purezidenti Dick Cheney adauza CNN mu Marichi 2001, "Sindikukhulupirira kuti [Saddam Hussein] ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chankhondo masiku ano."
Monga momwe nkhani ya nkhondo yatha, momwemonso nkhani yogwirira ntchito, yomwe imadaliranso lingaliro lakuti United States ikhoza kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu aku Iraq ndi malamulo onse ogwira ntchito, monga Misonkhano ya Hague ndi Geneva, yomwe momveka bwino. kuletsa ufulu wokhala ndi ulamuliro wolowerera nkhani za mkati mwa anthu olandidwa.
UNITED STATES SIKUBWETSA DEMOKRASI KU IRAQ.
Polephera kupeza zida zowononga anthu ambiri ku Iraq-bodza lalikulu loyamba la kuukirako-United States yasanduka bodza lalikulu: George Bush, Donald Rumsfeld, John Negroponte, Condoleezza Rice, John Bolton, ndi anzawo ali. kubweretsa demokalase kwa anthu aku Iraq.
Demokalase ilibe kanthu chifukwa chake United States ili ku Iraq. Boma la Bush linalanda Iraq kuti liteteze zofuna zachifumu zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale ku Middle East - chifukwa chomwe Washington idathandizira Saddam Hussein pamene adachita zolakwa zake zoipitsitsa kwa anthu aku Iraq, aku Kurds, ndi aku Iran.
Poukira Iraq, Washington idayembekeza osati kungokhazikitsa boma labwino kwambiri kumafuta aku US; ikuyembekeza kugwiritsa ntchito Iraq ngati malo ochitirapo kanthu kuti ajambulenso mapu a Middle East. Maziko angapo aku US akhazikitsidwa ku Iraq ndipo akuyenera kukhalapo kwanthawi yayitali asitikali aku US atathamangitsidwa. Zonsezi sizikukhudzana ndi demokalase. M'malo mwake, United States yakhala chopinga chachikulu kwa magulu aliwonse adziko, demokalase, dziko, kapena socialist m'chigawo chomwe chimayimira kusintha kwakukulu, m'malo mwake chomwe chimatchedwa "kukhazikika," ngakhale zitatanthawuza kuthandizira otsutsa kwambiri. magulu achipembedzo otsatizanatsatizana kapena maboma opondereza.
Boma la US limatsutsa demokalase yeniyeni ku Middle East pazifukwa zosavuta: ngati anthu wamba amayang'anira mphamvu zamagetsi m'derali, atha kuyikidwa pachitukuko chazachuma komanso zosowa za anthu, m'malo mowonjezera phindu lamakampani amafuta aku Western.
Demokalase silingathe "kukhazikitsidwa" ndi mphamvu zakunja, ndi mfuti. Demokalase yeniyeni ikhoza kubwera pokhapokha polimbana ndi anthu kuti azilamulira miyoyo yawo ndi zochitika zawo, kupyolera mumagulu omwe ali ademokalase m'chilengedwe. Tikakumana ndi mayendedwe otere, monga kuwukira kwa Iraq mu 1991, boma la US nthawi zonse limakonda kuwawona akuphwanyidwa kusiyana ndi kuwawona akuchita bwino.
UNITED STATES SIKUPANGA DZIKO LAPANSI KUKHALA MALO ABWINO POKHALA IRAQ.
Kuwukira kwa Iraq kwapangitsa dziko lapansi kukhala malo osakhazikika komanso owopsa. Poukira Iraq, Washington idatumiza uthenga ku mayiko ena kuti chilichonse chimachitika pankhondo yotchedwa nkhondo yachigawenga.
Pambuyo pa Seputembara 11, India idatcha Pakistan yemwe adalimbana nayo ndi zida zanyukiliya kuti ndi "chiwonetsero chauchigawenga". Israel yachita "kupha anthu" aku Palestine, kuphulitsa bomba ku Syria, ndikuwopseza kuti imenya Iran, pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe Bush adachita poukira Iraq. Simumakambirana ndi uchigawenga, mumazizula. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha Bambo Bush chomwe tikutsatira, "analongosola Uzi Landau, nduna ya chitetezo cha anthu ku Israel.
Kuphatikiza apo, kuwukira kwa Iraq kukupangitsa kuti mayiko akhazikitse zolepheretsa mphamvu za US. Kuyankha komwe kungachitike pakuwukira kwa Iraq ndikuti mayiko ambiri azitsatira zida zanyukiliya, zomwe zitha kukhala chitetezo chokhacho kuti asawukidwe, ndikuwonjezera ndalama zawo pazida zankhondo zodziwika bwino. Kusuntha kulikonse mumasewerawa kumakhala ndi zotsatira zochulukira m'dziko lomwe latsala pang'ono kudziwononga mwankhondo kapena ngozi.
Pakadali pano, kuwukiraku kwawonjezeranso mkwiyo ndi mkwiyo womwe anthu ambiri amamva motsutsana ndi United States ndi ogwirizana nawo, motero kupangitsa anthu osalakwa m'maikowa kukhala pachiwopsezo chauchigawenga, monga tidawonera kuukira koopsa ku Madrid pa Marichi 11. , 2004, ndi London pa July 7, 2005.
United States ikunyozedwa osati chifukwa chakuti anthu "amadana ndi ufulu wathu," monga Bush akunenera, koma chifukwa chakuti anthu amadana ndi zotsatira zenizeni za ndondomeko za US pa miyoyo yawo. Monga momwe wolemba maseŵero ndi wolemba nkhani wa ku Britain Harold Pinter ananenera,” Anthu samaiwala. Saiwala imfa ya anzawo, saiwala mazunzo ndi kudulidwa, saiwala zopanda chilungamo, saiwala kuponderezana, saiwala uchigawenga wa mphamvu zamphamvu. Sikuti amangoyiwala. Iwo amabwezera.”
UNITED STATES SIKULETEZA NKHONDO YA ANTHU KU IRAQ.
Mwinamwake mantha aakulu a omenyera nkhondo ambiri omwe tsopano akuthandizira ntchitoyi ndikuti kuchoka kwa asilikali a US kudzayambitsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Lingaliro limeneli lalimbikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi ochirikiza nkhondo. "Zolakwa zamagulu ku Iraq zikukankhira dzikoli ku nkhondo yapachiweniweni pokhapokha ngati titalowererapo kuti tithetse," adatero mkulu wina wa asilikali a US.
Koma Washington sikuletsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni kuti iyambike. M'malo mwake, akuluakulu aboma akukanganitsa dala Kurds motsutsana ndi Aluya, Shia motsutsana ndi Sunni, ndi gulu lotsutsana ndi gulu kuti liwononge chikhalidwe cha boma lamtsogolo, kutsatira njira yogawanitsa ndi kulamulira.
Potengera mfundo imeneyi monyanyira, wolemba nkhani wa m’danga la New York Times, Thomas L. Friedman, anati: “Tiyenera kunyamula zida za Ashiite ndi Akurds n’kusiya a Sunni a ku Iraq kuti avute mphepo.” Zotsutsana zotere sizongopeka chabe za ankhondo a kiyibodi ngati Friedman, komabe. Monga mtolankhani A.K. Gupta akuti, "Pentagon ikupereka zida, kuphunzitsa, ndi ndalama" asitikali aku Iraq "kuti agwiritse ntchito pothana ndi zigawenga." Secretary of Defense a Donald Rumsfeld adati ma commandos otere ndi ena mwa "mphamvu zomwe zingathandize kwambiri kupondereza ndi kuthetsa zigawenga."
Kuphatikiza apo, malamulo aku Iraq, omwe adalembedwa mokakamizidwa kwambiri ndi oyang'anira olanda, amakhazikitsa magawano amagulu mu ndale zaku Iraq. Ndipo, potsirizira pake, ngakhale kuti anali ndi mawu onse okhudza kulimbana ndi zikhulupiliro zachisilamu ku Iraq, United States yakhala ikulimbikitsa, kubweretsa zipani zomwe kale zinali zosagwirizana ndi zipani monga Dawa Party ndi Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution yothandizidwa ndi Iran ku Iraq ku Iraq. boma.
UNITED STATES SIKUKAMBIRANA NDI CHIGAWA POKHALA KU IRAQ.
Dziko la Iraq silinakhalepo pachiwopsezo cha zigawenga ku United States. Mwezi uliwonse, umboni wina ukuwonekera kuti olamulira a Bush adayesetsa kubisa mfundo zomwe zidasokoneza nkhani yake yankhondo, pomwe akuwonetsa umboni wabodza pothandizira. Monga momwe New York Times inanenera mu November 2005, "Mmodzi wa gulu la Al Qaeda m'manja mwa America adadziwika kuti ndi wongopeka miyezi ingapo asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu ake monga maziko a zomwe Iraq imaphunzitsa anthu a Al Qaeda kuti agwiritse ntchito. zida za biological ndi mankhwala, malinga ndi zigawo zomwe zangotchulidwa kumene za Defense Intelligence Agency. "
Al-Qaeda idawonekera koyamba ku Iraq pambuyo pa kuwukira, zomwe zinali zodziwika bwino za ntchito yaku US. M'malo mwake, United States idachita zigawenga zaboma modzinamizira kuti ikulimbana ndi zigawenga zomwe kulibe ku Iraq, ndipo pochita izi zidakulitsa mwayi wa zigawenga zamunthu payekha komanso mabungwe omwe akulunjika ku United States kapena ma proxies ake kunja.
Chozungulira kwambiri ndi lingaliro lakuti United States iyenera kukhala ku Iraq mpaka "kugonjetsa" kukana ntchitoyo. Ntchito yokhayo ndiyo gwero la kukana, mfundo yomwe ngakhale ena mwa anthu omwe adayambitsa nkhondoyo adakakamizika kuvomereza.
UNITED STATES SIKULEMEKEZA AMENE ANAFA POPitiriza Mkangano.
Chimodzi mwazifukwa zonyozeka kwambiri zokhalira ku Iraq zidatsogozedwa ndi Purezidenti Bush poyankha kudzudzula komwe kukukula kwa asitikali aku US komanso kampeni yadala yomwe akuluakulu aboma adachita pofuna kupondereza zithunzi zamabokosi obwerera. Polankhula ndi anthu omwe ankamuyang'anira mosamala ku Salt Lake City, Utah, komwe adathawa kuti athawe chionetsero cha Cindy Sheehan, yemwe mwana wake wamwamuna, Casey, ku Iraq, pa Epulo 4, 2004, Bush sanavomereze kuchuluka kwa asitikali. kuphedwa ku Iraq ndi Afghanistan. Iye anati: “Tili ndi ngongole kwa iwo. "Timaliza ntchito yomwe adapereka miyoyo yawo. Tidzalemekeza kudzipereka kwawo pokhalabe pankhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga. "
Sheehan mwiniwakeyo adayankha bwino kwambiri poyesa kunyengerera anthu kuti apitirize kugwira ntchito, akufunsa kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani ndikufuna kuti mayi wina adutse zomwe ndadutsamo, chifukwa mwana wanga wamwalira? . . Sindikufuna kuti apitirize kupha mwana wanga kapena nsembe ya banja langa.”
Asitikali aku Iraq sanafere "chifukwa chabwino," monga Bush akunenera. Zirizonse zomwe zisonkhezero zaumwini zikanawabweretsa ku usilikali, anafera mafuta, ufumu, mphamvu ndi phindu. Kufa ndi kuvulala kochulukira kwa aku Iraq ndi asitikali aku US kudzangowonjezera zowawa za miyoyo yambiri yomwe yatayika kale.
UNITED STATES SIKUKUNGASO IRAQ.
Makontrakitala tsopano ku Iraq salipo kuti athandize anthu aku Iraq koma kuti adzithandize okha, kuyandikira ubale wawo ndi andale otchuka kuti apeze mapangano ndi kupindula ndi zomwe Pratap Chatterjee amachitcha kuti "njira yomanganso."
Zowona ndizakuti, Halliburton, Bechtel, ndi makampani ena ku Iraq akubera dzikolo kuposa momwe akulimanganso. Anthu aku Iraq amakakamizika kulipira mitengo yokwera kuti atenge mafuta, makampani omwe akupindula nawo ngati kampani ya Halliburton Kellogg, Brown & Root, pomwe ma Iraqi wamba amayenera kuyima pamzere nthawi zina kwa masiku kuti agule mafuta. Pulojekiti pambuyo pa ntchito imakhalabe yosamalizidwa. Zipatala zili pamavuto. Magetsi akadali pamlingo wosakwanira momvetsa chisoni.
Monga momwe mtolankhani Naomi Klein ananenera momveka bwino kuti, “United States, popeza idasweka Iraq, siili mkati moikonza. Ikungopitirizabe kuphwanya dziko ndi anthu ake m'njira zina, osagwiritsa ntchito F-16s ndi Bradleys okha, koma tsopano zida zochepa kwambiri" zosokoneza chuma.
Anthu aku Iraq ali okhoza kumanganso anthu awo, makamaka kuposa asitikali akunja kapena makontrakitala. Kufikira momwe pakhala pali ntchito zamtundu uliwonse kapena chitetezo m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, makamaka aku Iraqi omwe apereka izi. M'zaka za zilango, anthu aku Iraq adawonetsanso luso lawo pakugwirizanitsa zida zomwe zidawonongeka kwambiri. Mainjiniya, aphunzitsi, ndi madotolo aku Iraq akhala akukhala m'gulu la ophunzira komanso ophunzitsidwa bwino kwambiri kumayiko achiarabu. Ndi lingaliro ladziko lapansi latsankho lomwe limakhulupirira kuti ma Iraqi sangathe kumanganso kapena kuyendetsa dziko lawo.
UNITED STATES SIKUKWANIRITSA UDINDO WAKE KWA ANTHU A IRAQI CHIFUKWA CHOVUTIKA NDI ZOVUTIKA ZIMENE ZINACHITIKA.
M’pomveka kuti ambiri otsutsa nkhondoyi akukhulupirira kuti dziko la United States lili ndi udindo kwa anthu a ku Iraq ndipo liyenera kukhalabe kuti “liyeretse chisokonezo chimene chinayambitsa.” MoveOn.org, yomwe idatenga mitu yankhani ndikusaina mamiliyoni a mamembala pa intaneti ndi kampeni yake yodana ndi Bush, ikukana kuyitanitsa kuti asitikali achoke ku Iraq chifukwa, m'mawu a mkulu wawo wamkulu, Eli Pariser, "Palibe njira zabwino zomwe mungasankhire. Iraq." Pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo yomweyi, magulu otsutsana ndi zilango ndi magulu odana ndi nkhondo monga Education for Peace ku Iraq Center atenga maudindo kuti athandizire ntchito, ngati mwanjira ina ntchito yowunikira kwambiri, motero amasiya kusiya nthawi yomweyo.
Tiyenera kuyang'anizana ndi malingaliro odabwitsa akuti anthu omwe awononga Iraq, omwe adalimbikitsa ndikukhazikitsa zilango zomwe zidawononga miyoyo ya anthu masauzande ambiri a Iraqi m'zaka khumi zapitazi, omwe alephera ngakhale maudindo ofunikira kwambiri ngati mphamvu yolanda, omwe ali gwero la kusakhazikika ku Iraq masiku ano, ndi okhawo omwe angateteze ma Iraqi ku njala ndi chipwirikiti. Palibe mbali ina ya moyo wathu yomwe timavomereza malingaliro otere, koma zikafika pazachiwembu za ufumu, tikuyenera kunyalanyaza mbiriyakale. "Chiphunzitso cha zolinga zabwino" chimachotsa zolakwa zonse.
Chowonadi, komabe, ndikuti ntchito ya US, m'malo mokhala gwero la bata ku Iraq, ndiye gwero lalikulu la kusakhazikika ndi kuzunzika kosalekeza.
Komanso, omwe akufuna kuti achoke msanga samalimbikitsa kudzipatula komanso kungochoka paudindo uliwonse kwa anthu aku Iraq. Kodi boma la US lili ndi udindo kwa anthu aku Iraq? Mwamtheradi. Udindo pamilandu yomwe Washington idathandizira kwa zaka zambiri pomwe Saddam Hussein anali mnzake. Pokhala ndi zida ndikuthandizira mbali zonse ziwiri pankhondo yankhanza ya Iran-Iraq. Za chiwonongeko cha 1991 Gulf War. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za uranium zomwe zidatha, mabomba am'magulu, odula ma daisy, ndi phosphorous yoyera. Kwa zilango zowononga. Chifukwa cha manyazi ndi imfa zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa 2003, komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu komwe kudachitika kuyambira pamenepo.
Koma sitepe yoyamba yokwaniritsa udindo umenewu ndi kusiya nthawi yomweyo.
Pakadakhala chilungamo chenicheni kwa anthu aku Iraq, sikuti andale omwe ali ndi vuto lankhondoyi sakanayimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo, koma boma la US liyenera kulipira malipiro kwa anthu aku Iraq ndi mabanja a asitikali aku US omwe. avulazidwa ndi kuphedwa ndi zochita zake zaupandu.
Pofuna kutha kwa ntchito ya US, sitiyenera kuyitanitsa mphamvu zina zolowa m'malo mwa United States. Tiyenera kulola anthu aku Iraq kudziwa tsogolo lawo. Izi zikutanthauza, monga Naomi Klein adatsutsa, kuti kuwonjezera pa kuyitanitsa kutha kwa ntchito zankhondo, tiyenera kuyitanitsa kutha kwa ntchito yazachuma ku Iraq ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ngongole zonse zomwe Iraq ikadali nayo ku boma lapitalo (zambiri. zomwe sizinakhululukidwebe). Ngati ma Iraqi apempha thandizo lakunja, ndiye mwayi wawo. Koma ndi chisankho chawo, osati chathu, ndipo chisankhocho chingapangidwe mwaufulu ngati United States, United Kingdom, ndi magulu ena ankhondo achoka kwathunthu ndikuthetsa kukakamiza kwawo pazachuma, ndale, ndi zankhondo ku Iraq.
Nkhaniyi idasinthidwa kuchokera m'buku lomwe likubwera la Anthony Arnove Iraq: The Logic of Withdrawal, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu Meyi kuchokera ku New Press.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama