Pamene mukuwerenga izi, tatsala zaka zinayi kuchokera pomwe olamulira a Bush adayambitsa chiwembu chodabwitsa komanso chochititsa mantha ku Iraq, kuyambira miyezi 48 ya chiwonongeko chodabwitsa cha dzikolo ... ndipo tikuwerengerabe. Ndi nthawi yofunikira kuwerengera za Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Nazi mwachidule zina mwazomwe nkhondo ya George Bush ndi ntchito yake yachita:
Palibe paliponse padziko lapansi pomwe pali choyipitsitsa mavuto othawa kwawo kuposa ku Iraq lero. Malinga ndi United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni aŵiri a ku Iraq athaŵa m’dziko lawo ndipo tsopano amwazikana kuchokera ku Jordan, Syria, Turkey, ndi Iran kupita ku London ndi Paris. (Pafupifupi palibe amene afika ku United States, amene sanachite kalikonse kuthana ndi vuto la othaŵa kwawo lomwe linayambitsa.) Enanso 1.9 miliyoni akuyerekezeredwa kukhala anthu othawa kwawo, othamangitsidwa m’nyumba zawo ndi m’madera oyandikana nawo chifukwa cha kulanda dziko la United States ndi nkhondo yachiŵeniŵeni yoopsa. chayambitsa. Onjezani ziwerengerozo - ndipo zikuchulukirachulukira pofika tsiku - ndipo muli pafupi ndi 16% ya anthu aku Iraq omwe achotsedwa. Onjezani akufa kwa othawa kwawo, ndipo chiwerengerochi chikukwera pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu asanu aku Iraq. Lolani izo zimire mkati kwa mphindi.
Zakudya zoyambira ndi zofunikira, zomwe ngakhale boma lankhanza la Saddam Hussein lidakwanitsa kupereka, tsopano zikuchulukirachulukira kwa anthu wamba aku Iraq, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa inflation komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chuma cha Iraq chomwe chagwedezeka kale, kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira boma zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi International Monetary. Fund ndi Coalition Provisional Authority, komanso kusokonezeka kwamakampani amafuta. Mitengo ya ndiwo zamasamba, mazira, tiyi, mafuta ophikira ndi kutenthetsa, mafuta a petulo, ndi magetsi yakwera kutsekemera. Ulova nthawi zambiri umakhala pakati pa 50-70%. Chimodzi mwazomwe zakhudzidwa ndi izi ndi kukwera kwakukulu kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi mwa ana, olembetsedwa ndi mgwirizano wamayiko ndi mabungwe ena. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kupeza madzi abwino ndi magetsi nthawi zonse kumakhalabe pansi pa milingo isanayambe kuukira, zomwe zinali zoopsa kwambiri pambuyo pa zaka zopitirira khumi za chilango chotsutsana, ndi kuphulika kwa mabomba nthawi ndi nthawi, dziko lomwe linagwedezeka ndi nkhondo yoopsa ndi Iran mu 1980s ndi Nkhondo Yoyamba ya Gulf.
Pavuto lomwe likupitilira, pomwe mazana masauzande aku Iraqi amwalira kale, miyezi ingapo yapitayi yatsimikizira ena mwa anthu okhetsa magazi kwambiri. Mu Okutobala mokha, anthu wamba opitilira 2005 adaphedwa ku Iraq, ambiri ku Baghdad, komwe masauzande ankhondo owonjezera aku US adatumizidwa mu Ogasiti (mu "kuphulika" koyamba kwa Bush Bush) ndikunena kuti abwezeretsa bata ndi bata. mu mzinda. Pamapeto pake, iwo anangowonjezera chiwawa. Ziwerengerozi - ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa kuti ndizochepa - zimaposa kuwirikiza kawiri mulingo wa XNUMX. Zinthu zina zawonjezeka kapena kuwirikiza kawiri m'zaka zapitazi, kuphatikizapo, kutchula ziwiri zokha, chiwerengero cha kuukira kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa asilikali a US ndi chiwerengero cha asilikali a US omwe anaphedwa ndikuvulala. Wofufuza wapadera wa United Nations, Manfred Nowak, ananenanso kuti wozunzikirapo "Zinatheretu" ku Iraq. "Zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri anthu ambiri akuti ndizovuta kuposa momwe zidalili nthawi ya Saddam Hussein."
Poganizira za tsoka lomwe Iraq ili lero, mutha kupitiliza kulemba manambala oyipa mpaka malingaliro anu atachita dzanzi. Koma apa pali njira ina yofotokozera zaka zinayi zapitazi. M’nthaŵi imodzimodziyo, m’chenicheni, pakhala chiŵerengero chachikulu cha imfa m’dziko lakutali m’maganizo mwa anthu ambiri ku United States: Darfur. Kuyambira 2003, malinga ndi Zoyerekeza za UN, anthu pafupifupi 200,000 aphedwa m’dera la Darfur ku Sudan pa kampeni yankhanza yoyeretsa fuko ndipo ena 2 miliyoni asinthidwa kukhala othawa kwawo.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji izi? Eya, ngati munkakhala mu New York City, mwina simukanatha kukwera sitima yapansi panthaka popanda kuwona chilengezo chonena kuti: “400,000 akufa. Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri akugwirizana kuti apulumutse Darfur.” The New York Times yakhala ikuwonetsanso zotsatsa zamasamba zonse zofotokoza za "kuphana kwamtundu" ku Darfur ndikupempha kuti alowererepo pansi pa "malamulo ambiri omwe amalola kumenya nkhondo panthawi yake popanda kuvomerezedwa ndi andale kapena anthu wamba."
M’zaka zomwezo, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kopambana kumene kulipo, magazini ya zamankhwala ya ku Britain The Lancet's phunziro la khomo ndi khomo la kufa kwa Iraq, pafupifupi 655,000 aku Iraq Anamwalira pankhondo, m’dziko, ndi m’nkhondo zapachiŵeniŵeni pakati pa March 2003 ndi June 2006. (Kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti anthu 392,000 anafa ndi anthu 943,000 komanso okwera XNUMX.) zofanana ndi zikwangwani, zikwangwani zapansi panthaka, zotsatsa zamasamba zamasamba, kapena zina zofananira za akufa aku Iraq. Ndipo ndithudi simudzawona, monga momwe zinaliri ku Darfur, anthu otchuka Good Morning America akulankhula za kudzipereka kwawo kuti aletse "kuphana" ku Iraq.
Chifukwa chiyani tikuwerengera ndikuganizira za akufa aku Sudan ngati gawo la kampeni yodziwika bwino, yoyendetsedwa ndi anthu otchuka kuti "Save Darfur," komabe kufa ku Iraq sikunawerengedwe bwino, ndipo sikukuwoneka kuti kumayambitsa mkwiyo wamakhalidwe, osasiyapo pagulu. kampeni zothetsa kuphana? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani ziwerengero za ophedwa ku Darfur zikutchulidwa popanda funso lililonse, pomwe ziwerengero za aku Iraq omwe adamwalira, pokhapokha ngati ziwerengero zotsika kwambiri, zimatsutsidwa nthawi yomweyo - kapena kuchotsedwa?
M'dziko lathu, zikuwoneka kuti zilipo ozunzidwa oyenerera ndi osayenerera. Kuti tipeze kusiyanaku, lingalirani momwe United States imakhalira ku Sudan ndi Iraq. Malinga ndi kayendetsedwe ka Bush, dziko la Sudan ndi "dziko lankhanza"; ili pamndandanda wa State Department wa "Boma limathandizira uchigawenga." It akuimbidwa mlandu za kuukira United States kudzera mu gawo lake pakuphulitsa maboti odzipha USS Cole mu 2000. Ndiyeno, ndithudi - monga Mahmood Mamdani anasonyeza mu Kukambirana kwa Mabuku a London posachedwapa - Darfur ikugwirizana bwino ndi nkhani ya "chiwawa cha Asilamu-chisilamu," cha "kuphana kwa Aarabu," mkangano womwe umakopa kwambiri omwe akufuna kusintha nkhaniyo kuchokera ku zomwe United States yachita. - ndipo akuchita - ku Iraq. Kulankhula za kuyankha kwa US pakufa kwa ma Iraqi omwe akuti tidawamasula ndi nkhani yovuta kwambiri.
Ndibwino kuti tikambirane za US "zovuta" pakupondereza ufulu wa anthu, koma bola ngati mumayang'ana kwambiri machimo a anthu. kuchotsa, osati ntchito. Tikulephera anthu aku Darfur ndi osati kulowererapo zankhondo. Tikanakhala kuti tidagwiritsa ntchito usilikali wathu mwaukali. Komabe, tikalowererapo, ndikuyambitsa chisokonezo, ndi nkhani ina.
Ngati zili choncho, kuyang'ana kwambiri ku Darfur kumatsimikizira lingaliro la kulowererapo kwa US, kukhala ufumu wambiri, osati wocheperapo, panthawi yomwe kupha komwe kumayambitsa izi zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri ndipo zikukanidwa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. dziko. Izi zathandiziranso kuti ziwawa zomwe dziko la United States likuchitapo kanthu kwambiri, Iraq, ndi zomwe sizimayimbidwa mlandu kunyumba.
Ngati wina alakwa ku Iraq, tsopano tikumva otsutsa za kuukira ndi kugwirira ntchito kwawo akusonyeza, vuto lenileni linali kusakhoza kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. mwambo wa demokalase, "ochokera ku "gulu lodwala" ndi "losweka" - ndipo, pochitirana nkhanza pankhondo yapachiweniweni, tsopano akuwonetsa chikhalidwe chawo chenicheni.
Pali mgwirizano wamba pazandale zambiri zomwe titha kuimba ma Iraqi chifukwa chamavuto omwe amakumana nawo. Mu a mawu otamandidwa kwambiri ku Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Sen. Barack Obama adadzudzula kudzudzula kwake kwa mfundo za kayendetsedwe ka Bush poyitanitsa kuti boma la Iraq "lisabwerenso": United States, adanenetsa kuti, "sikhala pamodzi dziko lino mpaka kalekale. .” Richard Perle, m'modzi mwa omanga mapulani a neoconservative pakuwukira ku Iraq, tsopano akuti "anachepetsa kuwonongeka" a Iraq. Sen. Hillary Clinton, yemwe anali mtsogoleri wa Democratic pa chisankho cha 2008, posachedwapa anafunsidwa, "Kodi ndife okonzeka kudzipereka zingati [kwa ma Iraqi]?" Monga ngati ma Iraqi atipempha kuti tiwukire dziko lawo ndikupanga dziko lawo kukhala gehena wamoyo ndipo tsopano akulola us pansi.
Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pamene katundu wa mfumuyo akulemera kwambiri. Anthu ammudzi amabwera kudzakwapulidwa.
Tsoka lomwe dziko la United States lachita ku Iraq likukulirakulira tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zotsatira zake zikhala zokhalitsa. Zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, komanso momwe amafalikira kudera la Iraq, zimatengera momwe boma lathu lingakakamizidwe kuthetsa ntchito yake mwachangu. Zidzadaliranso mmene tonsefe tidzachitira tikadzamva kuti tiyenera kuukira dziko lina kuti titeteze dziko ku zida zowononga kwambiri, “kufalitsa demokalase,” kapena “kuthandiza anthu.” Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe ziwerengero zowopsazi zidzawoneka mu Marichi wamawa, pazaka zisanu zakuukira, ndi Marichi pambuyo pake, pachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndi Marichi pambuyo pake…
Ikani pa bolodi - m'mutu mwanu, ngati palibe kwina kulikonse.
Anthony Arnove ndiye wolemba Iraq: Malingaliro Ochotsa (American Empire Project, Metropolitan) ndi, ndi Howard Zinn, wa Voices of a People's History of the United States (Nkhani Zisanu ndi ziwiri).
[Nkhaniyi idawonekera koyamba Tomdispatch.com. Woyambitsa Pulogalamu ya American Empire Project ndi wolemba Mapeto a Chikhalidwe Chogonjetsa, mbiri ya kupambana kwa America mu Cold War, buku, Masiku Otsiriza a Kusindikizandipo Ntchito Yosakwaniritsidwa (Nation Books), gulu loyamba la zoyankhulana za Tomdispatch.]
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