Adam Aron analemba buku lalikulu, amene akufuna kukhala ndi buku lofotokoza za vuto la nyengo; ndipo wapambana m’njira zambiri, makamaka kwa awo amene akufuna zambiri zachindunji monga momwe kungathekere.Iye walemba bukhu lochirikizidwa mosamalitsa ndi umboni ndi kufufuza kochuluka kosaphatikizapo sayansi yokha ya “kutentha kwa dziko”—mawu ake otanthauza “kutentha kwapadziko lonse.” kutentha”-komanso akunena za kufunikira kopangitsa kuti anthu azikakamiza anthu kuti atsogolere zofuna zandale kukakamiza maboma ndi mabungwe kuti achitepo kanthu kuti asunge mafuta oyaka pansi, pomwe akupita ku malo opangira magetsi komanso anthu.
Mitu itatu yoyamba ya Aron sizinthu zomwe munthu wodziwa bwino za kusintha kwa nyengo sakanaziwona, ngakhale adaziyika pamodzi mu phukusi logwirizana lomwe ndi lothandiza kwambiri. Amaphatikiza mfundozo ndi matchati osonyeza bwino mfundo zake. Ananena kuti James Hansen adachitira umboni ku Congress ku 1988 kuti zochita za anthu zikuwononga dziko lapansi kumlingo wowopsa, ndikuti "Kuyambira umboni wake, kuposa 50 peresenti ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m'mbiri ya anthu watulutsidwa ..." Komanso, Aron akutsutsa, " Nthawi tsopano ikutha kuti kutentha kwapadziko lonse kusafike pamlingo womwe ungakhale wowopsa kwa mitundu yambirimbiri ya zamoyo komanso kukhalapo kwadongosolo kwa anthu monga tikudziwira” (tsamba 7).
Iye akufotokoza mbiri ya kuyesetsa kuthetsa kusintha kwa nyengo, sayansi ya nyengo, ndi zotsatira za kusintha kumeneku. Chofunika kwambiri—ndipo amachitchula kambirimbiri m’bukuli—“… monga IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ndi "Katswiri" wotsogola komanso wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi pakusintha kwanyengo-KS] wodziwika mu 2018, ngakhale mwayi wa 66 peresenti wosunga [kutentha kwa mapulaneti pansi pa 1.5 digiri Sentigrade] kungafune kuchepetsa mpweya wa 2010 ndi pafupifupi 45 peresenti pofika 2030” (p. 57). [Malingana ndi statistica.com, mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mu 2010 unali matani 46.99 biliyoni; kuchepetsa ndi 45 peresenti kungachepetse mpweya woipa wa matani pafupifupi 21.5 biliyoni; mpweya weniweni mu 2022 unali matani 53.79 biliyoni-KS.]
Kufunika kosapitirira kutentha kwa madigiri 1.5 Celsius ndikofunika kwambiri; ndiye malire apamwamba, malinga ndi mgwirizano wasayansi, kuti tipewe zotsatira zosasinthika zakusintha kwanyengo (Chu, 2023). Pamwamba pa 1.5 C, kutentha kumakhala koopsa kwambiri pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, ndipo pamapeto pake kumakhala pachiwopsezo chowoloka "malo olowera," kupitirira zomwe njira zoyambitsira sizingaimitsidwe kapena kusinthidwa, monga bwato lamtsinje lomwe likudutsa mathithi!
Mutu wachinayi ukuyang'ana za capitalism ndi zovuta zanyengo. Ndi m'mutu wachinayi pamene zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa ndipo akutsegula malingaliro omwe kale akhala akugwedezeka kwambiri kwa iwo omwe ali okonda ndale amtundu wina; Pano, amagwirizanitsa vuto la nyengo ndi capitalism.
M’Mutu 5, 6, ndi 7, iye anafotokoza mmene anthu amene amakana kusintha kwa nyengo amakulitsa zikhulupiriro zawo, ndipo akufotokoza mmene angachitire zimenezo.
M’Mutu 8, 9, ndi 10, iye akugogomezera kusonkhezera anthu kuti achite zinthu pamodzi.
Aron akuyamba Chaputala 8 ndi mawu ochokera kwa wolimbikitsa zachilengedwe komanso wolemba wakale, Brian Tokar, yemwe akuti vuto lazovuta zanyengo "si vuto laukadaulo lomwe liyenera 'kuthetsedwa', koma ndivuto ladongosolo, lokhazikika kwambiri pamakhalidwe. ndi mabungwe azachuma. "
Aron amalankhula za udindo wadziko lonse wotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ndikuzindikira kuti New York Times akuti "mayiko makumi awiri ndi atatu okha olemera, otukuka ndiwo achititsa theka la mpweya wonse wa CO2, pamene mayiko oposa 150 adagawana udindo pa theka lina." Ananenanso kuti "USA ,,, palokha ndiyomwe imayang'anira pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi azinthu zonse zotulutsa mbiri," kenako Germany, UK, Japan, France, ndi ena onse aku Western Europe ndi Australia" ( tsamba 192).
Komanso m'mutu uno, Aron akuyang'ana kwambiri za mavuto a "extractivism," migodi yachitsulo ndi ntchito zochotsa zinthu zapadziko lapansi kuti zithandizire kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zowonjezera. Ndipo apa iye amayang'ana kwambiri zotsatira zamakampani amitundu yambiri kumayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.
Mutu wonsewo ndi wosangalatsa kwambiri: amayang'ana kwambiri njira zothetsera vuto lanyengo. Pochita izi, pakati pa kukonza luso, amaganizira ntchito zazikulu za hydropower (madamu); bioenergy, biomass, ndi biofuel; malo atsopano opangira magetsi a nyukiliya; ndi geoengineering. Pansi pa gawo la kukonza misika, amaganizira zoyesayesa zamalonda, zochotsera kaboni, mitengo ya kaboni kapena msonkho. Mwachidule, akuti, "... njira yokhayo yotsimikizirika yopewera kutentha kwa dziko lapansi ndikusiya mafuta otsalira pansi ndikuyika ndalama zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera" (tsamba 220).
Ndipo zomwe ndikupeza makamaka chidwi m'mutu uno ndikuti amawunika mosamala ndipo amatsutsa malingaliro onse osiyanasiyana omwe amaperekedwa ndi likulu lamayiko osiyanasiyana komanso maboma ambiri olamulidwa, kuphatikiza ma projekiti apamwamba ndi boma la US. Kuti athane ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyanawa m'njira yomwe adachitira ayenera kupereka zida zomenyera ufulu kwa omenyera ufulu wodziwa kutsutsa ntchito zamtunduwu.
Chaputala 9 ndi pamene Aron amapereka ndondomeko yaukadaulo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti atsogolere zochitika zanyengo. Akuyamba ndi kutchula wina wotsutsa zanyengo komanso wolemba, nthawi ino Stan Cox, yemwe amatsutsa "kudzimasula tokha ku mafuta oyaka mafuta mwachangu momwe tingathere, kukhazikitsa bata lachilengedwe ndikuwonetsetsa kugawana koyenera kwa onse" ndicho cholinga chathu. Aron amatsatira njira imeneyo.
Amayang'ana kuthekera kwaukadaulo kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa pofufuza zovuta za kudalira pafupifupi kudalira mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu-kufufuza mtengo; ndi nthaka, zipangizo, ndi zofunikira za mphamvu-ndiyeno amapititsa patsogolo ndondomeko ya ndale, kuphatikizapo chithandizo cha zachuma, malamulo ndi ndondomeko, mapulogalamu a chikhalidwe cha anthu, ndi njira zolimbana ndi kukakamiza kudya.
Chaputala chomaliza, Chaputala 10, ndichosangalatsa. Ngakhale sanayike kwambiri momwe ndikanakhalira, amakanganitsa chinthu chokwanira kuti zinthu zisinthe: " Kutentha kwapadziko lonse sikungatheke popanda kuyang'anira ndi kuchitapo kanthu kwa boma, zomwe sizingachitike pokhapokha ngati ochita zisankho akakamizidwa kuchitapo kanthu mokakamizidwa kuchokera pansi "(253). Mwa kuyankhula kwina, anthu akuyenera kusonkhana ndikudzikonzekera okha kuti akakamize akuluakulu a boma kuti achite zoyenera posankha nkhanizi; popanda kulimbikitsa anthu onsewa, sizingatheke kuti boma lichitepo kanthu.
M'mutu uno, Aron akukambirana za kayendetsedwe ka chikhalidwe cha anthu, kuphatikizapo mitundu yokonzekera, mitundu ya kulimbana, mafelemu a tanthawuzo, ndi malo omwe kusintha kwa chikhalidwe kumayang'ana. Kenako amakambirana za chiphunzitso cha psychology. Kenako amapereka zitsanzo za kayendedwe ka kusintha kwa nyengo, pomwe amakambirana za 350.org, Extinction Rebellion, ndi Sunrise Movement. Kenako amatsatira kuyankhulana ndi Masada Disenhouse, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa San Diego 350. Kenako, chochititsa chidwi, akukambirana momwe munthu angakhalire wokangalika popanda kukhala wolimbikitsa, zomwe zikusonyeza zinthu zingapo zomwe munthu angachite kuti athandizire kupanga dziko. bwino popanda kupereka moyo wanu pachiwonetsero, ndikuwonetsa momwe angathandizire pankhondoyi. Ichi ndichinthu chothandiza kwambiri chomwe sindinachiwonepo kale.
Zonse pamodzi, akumaliza buku lake ndi “zomaliza” zitatu: (1) kuti mapangano a mayiko sangagwire ntchito mpaka atapambana pamlingo wa dziko; (2) kuti kupeŵa ngozi, mafuta oyaka mafuta ayenera kusiyidwa pansi; ndi (3) kuti chinsinsi chothandizira kufalikira kwa anthu chikhoza kupindula kokha pamene anthu ndi zoyesayesa zonse zigwirizana pamodzi zimapanga kulimbikitsana kwakukulu kwa anthu.
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Pali zambiri zambiri zabwino komanso, m'malingaliro mwanga, chisokonezo chandale m'bukuli. Momwe ndikudziwira, kusanthula kwake zavuto lanyengo kwachitika bwino komanso kumagwirizana ndi oganiza mozama. Zikuwoneka zabwino kwambiri ndipo zimachokera ku chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha sayansi chomwe chilipo panopa.
Komabe, pali mbali zina zimene ndikuona kuti n’zosakwanira pa zolinga zake ndipo n’zoyenera kukambitsirananso. Ndimawatenga motsatira.
Aron samaganizira konse zoyesayesa zoteteza; ndipo “conservation” sichinatchulidwe nkomwe mumlozera. Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa pali maphunziro omwe akuwonetsa kuti sitingathe m'malo mwa mphamvu zonse zomwe zimakwaniritsa masiku ano ndi mafuta opangira mafuta okhala ndi zowonjezera zokha; tiyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu kapena kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka.
"Mayankho" ake omwe akufuna kapena mayankho ake ndi otsutsana komanso osakwanira; monga ambiri olimbikitsa "Green New Deal", ali ndi malingaliro oganiza bwino. Komabe, pamene akukhulupirira kuti ukapitalizimu ndi umene ukuchititsa mavuto a chilengedwe, njira zake zothetsera mavuto n’zongopeka pa zosintha—inde, kukonzanso kwakukulu m’malo—koma sikuthetsa mtima wa vutolo: ukapitalizimu akutipha. Sitingathe kukhala monga momwe tilili masiku ano, kumanga pa kukula, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu ambiri, nyama, ndi zomera zambiri zikukhalamo mu 22.nd Zaka zana: tikuyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri mpweya wathu wowonjezera kutentha komanso mwachangu. Kuchokera ku sayansi yomwe ndikuwerenga, palibe njira ina.
Ngakhale ndikuganiza kuti akulondola kuti afufuze mwatsatanetsatane udindo wa capitalism pakusintha kwanyengo - ndikuvomerezana ndi zomwe adapeza -Sindikuganiza kuti amapita patali mokwanira. Ngakhale sindikudziwa ngati Aron amadziona ngati Marxist kapena ayi, njira yake imalepheretsa ntchito yake m'njira zofananira ndi momwe kusanthula kwa Marxist kumakhala kochepa.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, mphamvu ya njira ya Marxist ndiyo kuyang'ana pa kayendetsedwe ka chuma ndi mabungwe a ndale omwe amathandizira Iwo (makamaka, mtundu wawo wa boma). Ndipo iyi ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwunika kulikonse kofunikira.
Komabe, Aron amanyalanyaza nkhani ya mphamvu ndi ulamuliro kupitirira dongosolo la zachuma. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ndikutsutsa kuti padziko lapansi pali zambiri kuposa zachuma; kuti palinso gawo la ndale lomwe silili malire ndi kupanga chuma, kugawa, ndi kadyedwe.[Pali madera enanso—monga madera ndi achibale—koma ndikufuna kuchepetsa ndemanga zanga pano ku mbali ya ndale.]Mu zina. mawu, ulamuliro wa ndale umenewu umagwira ntchito mwa mphamvu zake zokha—kufunafuna mphamvu ndi ulamuliro—zimene sizimakakamizidwa ndi chuma.
Izi ndizofunikira chifukwa zimatilola kuti tiphatikizepo lingaliro la "Empire" pakuwunika kwathu. Kwenikweni, lingaliro la Ufumu limaphatikizapo zambiri za mbiri ya anthu, komwe amene ali ndi mphamvu amafuna kulamulira ndi kulamulira osati anthu okha ndi madera a dziko lawo, komanso a mayiko ena; kaya chifukwa chofunafuna chuma (monga zinthu zopangira, zachilengedwe, zopanga zofananira, ndi/kapena anthu kuti atukule dziko lakwawo), ubwino wa geo-strategic (monga malo oyambira panyanja), kapenanso zopindulitsa pagulu [monga kuchita ziwanda. “ena” (i.e., “ochepa”)] kotero kuti agule kumvana ndi anthu kwa ochuluka), kapena chifukwa china chirichonse chimene ofunafuna ulamuliro umenewu angachisonyeze; kusanthula kwa chikapitalist sikungaphatikizepo zonsezi popanda kudzitambasula.
M’mawu ena, Ufumu umatilola kumvetsa mmene capitalist mmodzi—kapena kawirikawiri, gulu limodzi la makapitalist—angafune kudzilamulira kapena kudziteteza ku gulu lina la makapitalist: mwa kusonkhanitsa mphamvu zopanga za ma capitalist angapo ndikusintha zina mwa chuma chawo. kukhala zida zankhondo motsogozedwa ndi asitikali ankhondo, asitikali apanyanja, ndi asitikali apamlengalenga, komanso magulu ena monga CIA ndi/kapena NED (omwe amatchedwa National Endowment for Democracy), amakulitsa mphamvu zawo. Chifukwa chake, ma capitalist mkati mwa ufumuwo amatha kuwonetsa ulamuliro wawo ndi/kapena kuteteza malo awo m'njira zomwe sizikupezeka kudzera mukupanga ma capitalist. Ndipo, zikagwiritsidwa ntchito monyoza, ufumu ukhoza kupeza chuma chochuluka, ubwino wa geo-strategic ndi/kapena phindu la chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga chikapitalist ndi phindu osati m'dziko la "kwawo" komanso m'mayiko olamulidwa.
Aron amalakwitsanso zomwe anthu ambiri otsalira masiku ano amachita: sadziwa zimenezo United States of America ndi dziko lakwawo kwa Ufumu wa US, ufumu waukulu kwambiri, wamphamvu kwambiri, ndi wowononga kwambiri (mpaka lero) umene dziko lapansi linaonapo. Chifukwa chake, palibe kukambirana m'buku ili la Ulamuliro wa US kufunafuna kukhalabe ndi ulamuliro padziko lonse lapansi momwe zingathere kuyambira 1945, ngati si kale.
Komabe, mtengo wa Ufumu wa US wakhala waukulu kwa anthu padziko lapansi, ndipo ndalamazo zikukwera kwambiri kuyambira 1981, ndi Reagan Administration koma ikupitirizabe pansi pa maulamuliro onse a Democratic ndi Republican. Asilikali ake ndi omwe amawononga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuwukira kulikonse kumaphatikizapo kupha ndi kuwononga zambiri, ndipo ndi vuto lazachilengedwe lomwe likupitilira kwa zaka makumi angapo ngati posakhalitsa: Vietnam ikuvutikabe ndi Agent Orange ndi lamulo losaphulika lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo yaku America, yomwe. inatha mu 1975, ndipo Iraq ndi Afghanistan akuvutikanso, pamodzi ndi maiko ena omwe anaphulitsidwa ndi Ufumu wa US koma osawukiridwa (Libya, Syria, ndi Yugoslavia wakale amakumbukira nthawi yomweyo ngakhale kuti mndandandawo ndi wautali.)
Kupitilira $ 18 thililiyoni za ndalama za okhometsa misonkho zaku US zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ya Empire yokha - ndikukana kuyitcha "chitetezo" - pazaka makumi anayi zapitazi, zinthu zabedwa kwa anthu aku America zomwe zikanagwiritsidwa ntchito kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro, kupereka thanzi. chisamaliro, kukonza zomangamanga, kuthana ndi kusalingana kwa anthu, kuthandiza kubwezeretsa chilengedwe, kuthana ndi kusowa pokhala, komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo kuno kwathu. Mwanjira ina, izi sizinatchulidwe, mocheperapo zitayankhulidwa, ndi Aron. [Pamene ndikunena mwachindunji za maudindo a Aron, sindikutanthauza kuti ndimuchititse chiwanda; ambiri akumanzere samamvetsetsabe Ufumu wa US, ndipo ndikunena kuti ndi nthawi yapitayi kuti aliyense wa ife aphatikize kumvetsetsa kumeneku pakuwunika kwathu.]
Komabe, Ufumu sungathe kudalira mphamvu zake zachuma ndi zankhondo zokha; ikuyenera kulandilidwa ngati sichirikizo lokhazikika kuchokera kwa anthu okhala "kwawo"; Ndipotu, anthu a m'nyumbayi ndi kumene ayenera kupeza "asilikali," chakudya cha mizinga, cha magulu ankhondo achifumu. Chotero, pakufunika kukhala ndi chida cha chikhalidwe chouza anthu kuti kwenikweni—ndi mwamwambo—“nkhondo ndi bizinesi yabwino; sungani ana anu aamuna” (ndiponso posachedwapa, ana aakazi), ndipo alimbikitseni kutero. Izi zimaonetsedwa m’njira zambiri, kuyambira ndi dongosolo la maphunziro, ndipo izi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo chipembedzo, koma apa ndi pamene masewero, mabuku, TV, wailesi, mafilimu, ndi malo ambiri ochezera a pa Intaneti amakhala ofunika; gwirani malingaliro, gwirani kuvomereza!
Ngati mukuganiza kuti ndikukokomeza, ganizirani za mphamvu zonse za chikhalidwe ku United States zomwe zimapita ku masewera (zonse za sekondale ndi koleji, komanso akatswiri); zolaula ("zolaula" ndi zinthu zonse zokhudzana ndi kugonana); miseche otchuka; kukongola, mafashoni, ndi zitsanzo; ndi kupanga nkhani; chilichonse chinali ndi cholinga chochotsa chidwi ku mavuto monga njala, umphawi, ndi kusalinganika, kuchepera pa ukapitalist, nkhondo, ufumu, ndi vuto la nyengo.
Ndipo “zosokoneza” izi siziri zinthu “zazing’ono”; Iliyonse mwa maderawa imafuna ndalama zonse mu mabiliyoni angapo a madola, kufunafuna phindu lalikulu.
Ndipo ife kumanzere talephera kuphatikizira zoulutsira nkhani zamakampani ndi gawo lawo "pakukhazikitsa ndondomeko" pakuwunika kwathu zomwe anthu ayenera kuyang'ana. Munthawi ya Fall 2023, chidwi chodabwitsa chidaperekedwa pakuyesa kwa a Donald Trump pa Januware 6, 2021 - monga zimayenera kukhalira - koma panali chidwi kwambiri pazambiri za izi kotero kuti vuto la nyengo linali litasowa pa nkhani zaku US. kulengeza. Kenako, pambuyo pa Okutobala 7, 2023, pomwe Hamas idayamba kuukira Israeli, pafupifupi chilichonse chinali cha Israeli ngati "wozunzidwa," ndipo kwa nthawi yayitali, anali malingaliro okhawo omwe adanenedwa mozama; zinali zitachitika zionetsero zazikulu ku US konse komwe nkhani zina zochokera ku Palestine kapenanso kuchokera ku magwero ovuta a Israeli zidawonetsedwa.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale kuti pali zovuta zambiri, zisankho zathu zandale nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chidziwitso chokwanira komanso kuthetsa mavuto enieni, nthawi zambiri zimangopereka kwa anthu aku America "malingaliro" a omwe atha kupeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera ku bungwe la United States. wolemera. Ndalama zimagula chisamaliro chowonjezereka chomwe, chimakopa zopereka zowonjezereka zandalama, zomwe zimalola wopambana kuti aziimira zofuna za opereka, osati zigawo. Ndipo zambiri za "mkangano" wa ndale uli mkangano pakati pa oimira ndale; ndipo zisankho zikangotha, ofuna kupikisana nawo amabweranso ndikuyambanso kusankhana mitundu, kufunafuna ndalama, nthawi ndi chidwi.
Komabe, panthawi imodzimodziyo, ngakhale anthuwa amakakamizidwa ndi zofuna za opanga "nkhani", omwe salola ofuna kuti athetse mavuto awo, kapena kupyola malire awo; Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe yaperekedwa pazovuta zanyengo pazokambirana/mikangano yamasiku ano.
Ndipo komabe, zotsatira za zisankho zoterezi zitha kukhala ndi chiyambukiro chachikulu kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi, kunja komanso kunyumba. Ayenera kuti ife amene tikudziwa za ndale kuti titenge nawo mbali, makamaka pamlingo wina.
Mwachidule, "zida zamaganizidwe" zazikuluzikuluzi ndizofunika kwambiri ku Ufumu monga momwe zimakhalira zachuma kapena zida zankhondo ngakhale mwina sizikuwoneka nthawi yomweyo.
Ndipo zikakhazikitsidwa, zikhalidwe za chikhalidwe zimakhala zofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zolamulira pa maphunziro; kukayikira zikhalidwe zokhazikitsidwa, ndipo makamaka kutsutsa aliyense payekhapayekha, ziwopsezo zimadzipangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo chothana ndi zigawenga, ngakhale zitafotokozedwa, koma kutengera kunyozedwa, kunyozedwa, kudzimva kukhala pachiwopsezo ndipo, pamapeto pake, nkhanza zakuthupi.
Choncho, pakati pa kulamulira kwachikhalidwe kogwira mtima ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa munthu payekha monga momwe amafunira; “Sindikufuna kukhala ndi wina aliyense; adzandipereka, adzandinyenga, adzandipangitsa kuchepetsa zokhumba zanga.” Ndipo angandinyengerere kuti ndiziona zinthu mosiyana ndi mmene ndikanachitira ndekha.
Komabe—ndipo iyi ndiye mfundo yofunika—kukhala munthu payekha kumalepheretsa kukana pamlingo uliwonse. Ndipo izi zikusonyezedwa ndi mwambi wakale wakuti, “Simungathe kumenyana ndi City Hall,” chenjezo, ngati panakhalapo limodzi, la kupanda pake kwa mphamvu zovutitsa, kaya mwadongosolo, mwachikhalidwe, kapena ngakhale mwadongosolo.
Komabe, mawu amenewo ndi zonse zomwe zikusonyeza zitha kufooketsedwa mosavuta pongowonjezera liwu limodzi, lomwe limawunikira mphamvu ya gulu: “Simungathe kumenyana ndi City Hall. yekha!”Onjezani liwu limodzilo, ndipo mumasintha chilichonse: kusintha kwakukulu kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, ngakhale kungakhale kovuta kwambiri, ndikotheka tsopano mukafuna ena kuti agwirizane nanu pulojekiti yomweyi.
Apa ndipamene timabwerera ku capitalism, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuti tithane nayo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti capitalism is kutipha. Ndipo ikutipha kupyolera mu kukula; chofunikira chofunikira cha capitalism ndikuti iyenera kukula kuti ikhale ndi moyo; i.e. ndi makina okulirapo. Ndipo ndi makina okulirapo omwe ayenera kukula kupitirira zomwe zimafunikira kuti apulumuke kapena ngakhale kukhala pamlingo wokhazikika ndi munthu aliyense padziko lapansi; kuyenera kupanga kufunikira kwa kukula kuposa momwe zimakhalira mwachilengedwe. M’mawu ena, kunena kuti mwina n’zomveka mophiphiritsa, zili ngati khansa imene iyenera kupitirizabe kukula ngakhale itawononga mwiniwakeyo, n’kumadziwononga yokha.
M'chinenero chomveka bwino, timapha khansa kapena timapha khansayo: palibe njira ina.
Mfundo yomwe ndikunena apa ndikuti Aron ali pa chandamale: dongosolo lathu lokhazikitsidwa lopanga likuwopseza kukhalapo kwa anthu, nyama, ndi zomera zambiri padziko lapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta opangira mphamvu, iliyonse—mafuta, malasha, ndi gasi yachilengedwe imene, ikapsa, imawononga mlengalenga wozungulira ndi kuteteza dziko lapansi ku kuwala kwa dzuŵa potulutsa “mipweya yotenthetsa dziko lapansi” (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ndi low low). Altitude ozone)—zikuwonjezera chiwopsezo chowonjezereka cha kupulumuka kwa zamoyo papulaneti lino.
Monga momwe Aron adafotokozera, kwa zaka zopitilira 100, asayansi awonetsa kuti kuwonjezera mpweya wa carbon dioxide (CO2) mumlengalenga kwakweza kutentha kwa dziko lapansi. Tsopano tikudziwa kuti kwa zaka zoposa 800,000—palibe kusindikizidwa molakwika!— CO2 mumlengalenga sichinapitirirepo magawo 300 pa miliyoni (ppm). Inde, zochitika zachilengedwe, monga kuphulika kwa mapiri zatulutsa CO2 mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuchuluke komanso kuchepa pakapita nthawi, koma nthawi ino siinayambe yadutsapo 300 ppm. Mpaka pafupifupi chaka cha 1950. Lero, malinga ndi NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), imodzi mwa mabungwe odziwika kwambiri mwasayansi padziko lapansi, ndi 422 ppm (onani NASA, 2023).
Pamene mpweya wowonjezera kutentha wawononga mlengalenga, womwe umakhala wochuluka kwambiri ndi mpweya (78%) ndi nayitrojeni (21%), walola kuti kutentha kwa dzuwa kulowe mkati mwa mlengalenga ndikusunga zambiri zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa mlengalenga. nthawi yayitali. Izi zatenthetsa dziko lapansi pafupifupi 1.1 digiri Sentigrade kuyambira nthawi ya 1850-1900, pafupifupi chiyambi chakukula kwa mafakitale.
Ngakhale kuti izi sizingawoneke ngati kutentha kwambiri, komabe, zasintha kwambiri dziko lathu lapansi. Chofunika kwambiri, chasungunuka madzi oundana ndi madzi oundana omwe amaphimba dziko lapansi, ndipo izi zachititsa kuti nyanja ziwonjezeke, kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse lapansi (ndi kuwonjezereka kwa imfa ndi chiwonongeko cha mphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula yamkuntho, komanso kuwononga nkhalango zambiri ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kuwonongeka kwa moto) , kufa kwa matanthwe a m’nyanja ya coral (nyumba ya plankton, tsinde la chakudya cha m’madzi cha aqua-marine chimene chimadyetsa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu onse a padziko lapansi), ndi zina zotero. Ndipo madzi oundana osungunukawo samasonyeza kuwala kwadzuwa kochuluka kubwerera m’mlengalenga. , kusunga kutentha mkati mwa mlengalenga, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azisungunuka kwambiri….
Pofuna kupewa vutoli kuti lisachuluke, mpweya uyenera kuyimitsidwa ndipo, moyenera, CO2 ndi mankhwala ogwirizana nawo achotsedwe mumlengalenga; koma mulimonse, anasiya.
Ndipo osati m'tsogolomu: ngati sitisintha kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2030, tiona kuyamba kwa kutheratu kwa mitundu ya anthu pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 22.nd Century, zaka 77 zokha kuchokera pano. Izi zili mkati mwa moyo wa ambiri aife, ndipo ndithudi mkati mwa moyo wa ana a Gen Z.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuphatikiza ma empire pakuwunika kwathu kuli kofunika kwambiri: zimatipatsa njira yopitira patsogolo yomwe kusanthula kwachikapitalist sikumatero. Potsutsa kuti United States ndi dziko lakwawo la Ufumu wa US - malo opangira chuma kuti apange zida zankhondo, ndalama zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, komanso malo andale omwe angasankhe kugwiritsa ntchito / kusagwiritsa ntchito - US. kuyesetsa kulamulira maiko ena adziko lapansi (nthawi zambiri kudzera muulamuliro wa ndale ndi zachuma, m'malo motengera madera achikhalidwe) zimakhazikitsidwa ndikuwonetseredwa.
US yakhala ikuyesera kulamulira dziko lonse lapansi kuyambira 1945, ngati si kale - komanso kuti maboma aku US omwe ali pansi pa ma Democrats ndi ma Republican akuchulukirachulukira akusokoneza chuma. kutali kuchokera kwa anthu aku America kuyambira 1981 kuti atsimikizire kupitiliza kwa Ufumu wa US (onani Scipes, 2023a). Chifukwa chake, ndi kumvetsetsa kumeneku, titha kuwonetsa kufunikira kopanga mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pakati pa "anthu wamba" aku America ndi anthu apadziko lonse lapansi kuti aliyense wa ife apindule.
Kuchokera pamenepo, titha kusonkhanitsa chuma chathu kuti tigwirizane kuti titsutse mitundu yathu ya capitalism yomwe ikuwopseza kutiwononga tonse.
Ife Achimerika tiyenera kukana zoyesayesa za Ufumu wa US kulamulira anthu ena chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi anthu a dziko lapansi, monga kokha kupyolera mu mgwirizano wapadziko lonse tili ndi mwayi wopha khansa ya capitalism; mwa kuyankhula kwina, pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha pokha polimbana ndi kukana kuchulukitsitsa m’dzikoli tingakhale ndi mwayi wothetsa vuto la nyengo.
Izi zidzawoneka mosiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mayiko achifumu, omwe ayesa kulanda ndi kulanda chuma cha dziko lapansi, adzayenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Izi ndicholinga chopatsa mayiko omwe kale ankalamulidwa ndi atsamunda chuma chowonjezera kuti apititse patsogolo miyoyo ya anthu awo, ndikusunga ena onse pansi.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, pozindikira Ufumu wa US, ife omenyera ufulu timakakamizika kuyang'ana mayiko onse a dziko lapansi, osati kungoyang'ana patokha.
Momwemonso, vuto ndilakuti kodi timalimbana ndi vutolo molunjika pamodzi ndikuyesera kupeza mayankho othana ndi kusayeruzika kwa mbiri yakale komanso zomwe sizingakhudze anthu ambiri, kapena timapitilira monga mwanthawi zonse, ndikulola olemera kupanga zisankho - mwina mwachindunji kapena kudzera mwa andale awo ogulidwa-zomwe zingapweteke ambiri aife modabwitsa komanso mowononga? Ndiyo nkhani yomwe ili pafupi. Komabe palibe paliponse mu bukhu ili pamene izi zafotokozedwa molunjika chotero.
Ndipo potsiriza, ndiyenera kupita patsogolo. Kwa mbiri yake, Aron amazindikira kuti "malo a ndondomeko," mapepala a sayansi, etc., ngakhale kuli kofunikira, sikokwanira kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo; tiyenera kulimbikitsa nzika kuti akakamize kutha kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso njira zina zowononga chilengedwe. Iye akumveka bwino pa zimenezo.
Komabe, m'maganizo mwanga, ngakhale kuzindikira kumeneko sikokwanira. Tiyenera kukhala ndi pulogalamu yomwe tingayesere kupeza chithandizo kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha US monga gawo la kukwera kwa dziko lonse; kuti muyesere kale, onani Scipes (2017) . Koma ndingapitenso patsogolo kuposa Aron mwanjira ina: amatsutsa zolimbikitsa anthu, koma zimenezonso sizokwanira; monga ndanenera kwina (Scipes, 2023b), tiyenera kupanga bungwe ngati maziko olimbikitsa anthu.
Mwachidule, ndikutsutsa kuti pamene Aron akudzutsa nkhani zofunika kwambiri-ndipo ndimamupatsa mbiri chifukwa chopita mpaka momwe adachitira-sindikuganiza kuti amapita patali kuti amvetse bwino kuti tiyesetse kuwathetsa.
POMALIZA
Ponseponse, ndikuwona bwanji za Adam Aron Vuto Lanyengo? Ndikuganiza kuti zinthu zasayansi ndizolimba, ngakhale ndikukhumba kuti alembe molunjika; kugwiritsa ntchito kwake ma chart ndi ma grafu ndikothandiza kwambiri.
Sindichita chidwi ndi “mayankho” ake pandale. Komabe, amadzutsa mfundo zazikulu zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe nthawi zambiri zomwe zalimbikitsa mayankho anga, ndipo ndikuyembekeza kuti adzakweza mayankho kuchokera kwa ena.
Ndikuganiza kuti ichi ndi chothandizira chofunikira, ndipo chiyenera kuthandizidwanso.
Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa limodzi ndi Green Social Thought.
ZOKHUDZA
Chu, Jennifer. 2023. “Anafotokoza: The 1.5 C Climate Benchmark.” MIT News, August 27. Pa intaneti pa https://news.mit.edu/2023/explained-climate-benchmark-rising-temperatures-0827.
NASA. 2023. Umboni wokhudza kusintha kwa nyengo: pa intaneti pa https://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/.
Scipes, Kim.
— 2017. “Kuthana Ndi Vuto Lachilengedwe: Malingaliro Olimba Mtima, ‘Kunja kwa Bokosi’ pa Kuthana ndi Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Mitundu Ina Yowononga Chilengedwe.” Kalasi, Mpikisano ndi Mphamvu Zamakampani. Pa intaneti pa http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/classracecorporatepower/vol5/iss1/2.
— 2023. “Zaka Makumi Ana a United States Padziko Lapansi.” Z Network. Pa intaneti pa https://znetwork.org/znetarticle/special-history-series-40-years-of-the-united-states-in-the-world-1981-2023/.
— 2023. “Kukonzekera Kupulumutsa Padziko Lonse: Kumanga Mabungwe Ochokera mu Gulu-up.” Malingaliro a Green Social. Pa intaneti pa http://www.greensocialthought.org/content/organizing-save-world-building-organizations-ground.
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