Buku lofalitsidwa posachedwapa la Dennis O'Hearn, Palibe koma Nyimbo Yosamalizidwa: Bobby Sands, Womenyera Njala waku Ireland yemwe Adayambitsa Mbadwo., Nation Books, ndi nkhani yolimbikitsa komanso yopatsa chidwi ya kupanduka ndi chilengedwe. Meyi 5 ndi tsiku lokumbukira zaka makumi awiri ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi za imfa ya Bobby Sands, yemwe adafera m'ndende pomwe adanyanyala njala.
Andrej Grubacic ndi Marina Sitrin anali ndi mwayi wabwino wolankhula ndi Dennis za bukhu lake, ndi kulingalira pamodzi za kuthekera ndi zolephera za kulimbana kodziyimira pawokha lero. Dennis adagawana nawo "nditayamba kafukufuku wanga ndimaganiza kuti ndikulemba buku la Bobby Sands, wowombera njala. Popeza anali chifaniziro cha kukana komanso wosamvetsetseka, sindimadziwa ngati ndingakonde Bobby Sands kapena ayi, kapena makhalidwe ake odziwika bwino ... kulowerera kwake koyambirira mu IRA ndi nthawi zake ziwiri kundende, ndinazindikira kuti ndikulemba buku lonena za Bobby Sands, munthu komanso wolimbikitsa ndale, osati Bobby Sands womenyera njala. Izi sizikutsutsa kuti mbali zomalizira za bukhuli ndi zamaganizo kwambiri. Nkhani ya imfa ya Bobby Sands, monga ena omenyedwa ndi njala ena asanu ndi anayi omwe adamwalira, ndiyowawa kwambiri. Koma moyo wa Bobby Sands pamapeto pake ndi nkhani yolimbikitsa kwambiri ya momwe munthu adagonjetsera kuponderezana kopitilira muyeso kuti afotokoze ufulu wake komanso ufulu wa akaidi anzake pomanga mgwirizano, kukweza makhalidwe, ndi kutsogolera mogwira mtima komanso mwanzeru. mitundu ya zionetsero. Ndi nkhani yomwe iyenera kupereka chilimbikitso ndi malangizo osati kwa omenyera ndende kapena omenyera zida koma kwa onse omwe akutsutsana ndi mphamvu za boma ".
A & M: Kodi mungalankhule za ndale zomwe Bobby Sands ndi ena anali kupanga ali m'ndende, makamaka nthawi yoyamba yomwe adamangidwa. Mwachitsanzo mu Mutu wachisanu ndi chitatu, Kuphunzira Kupanduka, pali kukambirana kwakukulu osati kokha za kukula kotsutsana ndi magulu a Bobby ndi ena, koma iwo anali kunena za kulengedwa kwa mtundu wina wa ndale palimodzi. Zambiri zimene ankakambirana zinali zokhudza kulenga anthu abwino mโtsogolo muno, zomwe ambiri amazitcha ndale zophiphiritsira. Zikuwoneka kuti anali kuganiza za utsogoleri m'njira yosangalatsa, monga momwe zimakhalira m'deralo. Kodi mungalankhule zambiri za masomphenyawa, komanso za ntchito zina zimene anachita mโmadera oyandikana nawo pamene anamasulidwa?
ZOTI: Mwapeza chinthu chimodzi chomwe ndapeza chosangalatsa komanso cholimbikitsa kwambiri pakufufuza kwanga pa Bobby Sands. Anthu ambiri amasilira Bobby Sands chifukwa adafera chifukwa chake komanso anzawo. Koma nkhani ya moyo wake ndi kuthekera kwake kuti adzipangitsenso kukhala wolimbikitsa. Pochita zimenezi sanangosintha kamvedwe kake ka ndale koma makamaka anasintha kachitidwe kake. Nthawi yake yoyamba m'ndende, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, ndi yodziwika chifukwa iye ndi anthu omwe anali pafupi naye anali akukula mofulumira kwambiri pazandale. Kuti achite zimenezo, anafunikira kusinkhasinkha pa zinthu zambiri zimene anali kuziona mopepuka mโzochitika zawo zoyambirira monga zigaลตenga za mโtauni. Provisional IRA inali m'njira zambiri gulu lokonda dziko ndipo, monga gulu lodzitchinjiriza, lidalowa mosavuta m'machitidwe omwe anali zithunzi zamagalasi zampatuko wa Chiprotestanti kapena wokhulupirira. Kapangidwe kake kakulinganiza ndi kulamula kwake kumawoneka ngati gulu lankhondo wamba kuposa gulu la zigawenga. Panali zinthu zina zotsutsana ndi izi, monga udindo wa akuluakulu akuluakulu komanso chilango chawo kwa amuna omwe adathyoka pofunsidwa. Mโmasiku oyambirira a Bobby ali mโndende, iye ndi anzake anayamba kukayikira zinthu zimenezi pamene ankawerenga mabuku akale kwambiri, makamaka ochokera ku Latin America, kuphatikizapo ntchito monga Guevaraโs Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. Anayamba kufunsa ngati atha kulinganiza m'njira zophatikizika, zokhala ndi malamulo osakhazikika, mikangano yandale ndi zokambirana, komanso kusamvana muntchito ndi ntchito zawo, kuyambira kuyeretsa zimbudzi mpaka kuyendetsa makalasi ndi magulu ankhondo. Kuyambira adakali aang'ono, ngakhale asanazindikire zotsatira za malingaliro awo atsopano, anayamba kudzikonzekeretsa mwadongosolo, kuyambitsa ma cooperative kuti agawane ntchito za ndende kapena kupanga ntchito zamanja kuti apeze ndalama zothandizira mabanja a akaidi. .
Kenaka, pamene Gerry Adams ndi anthu ena ofunika kwambiri anafika mumpanda wawo, anayamba kusintha kayendetsedwe kake kuchokera mkati mwa ndende. IRA idasintha mawonekedwe ake kukhala zitsanzo zogwira mtima, kuphatikiza ma cell ngati FLN ku Algeria. Koma, chofunika kwambiri, Adams analimbikitsa akaidi aang'ono kuti akambirane momwe angasinthire dziko lawo pomanga utsogoleri wogwirizana ndi anthu m'madera awo akatuluka m'ndende. Pali mwambo wautali wamalingaliro otere ku Ireland kumanzere, makamaka ndi anthu ngati Liam Mellowes, wa Republican wokhwima kuyambira m'ma 1920s. Monga momwe Irish Republicanism yakhalira yogwirizana ndi dziko komanso mayiko, Adams analimbikitsa akaidi achicheperewa kuphatikiza zomwe anali kuphunzira kuchokera kwa osintha mayiko ndi zokumana nazo ndi zolemba za oukira dziko la Ireland. Izi zidawakhazika m'madera mwawo ndikupangitsa kuti malingaliro awo opitilira muyeso asakhale owoneka bwino komanso osamveka bwino, zenizeni m'lingaliro loti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu aku Ireland pano ndi pano.
Ngakhale ali m'ndende, Bobby adakondwera kwambiri ndi makhonsolo a anthu komanso kudziyimira pawokha. Iye analemba nkhani mโChiairishi, chinenero chimene anachiphunzira mโndende, chokhudza kumanga midzi ina ya chinenero cha Chiairishi ndi masukulu ndi mautumiki ngakhalenso mafakitale, olinganizidwa pamodzi, odzilamulira okha. Ndipo atatuluka mโndende nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zimenezi. Anangotsala kumene kumudzi kwawo, malo ogwira ntchito otchedwa Twinbrook, kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi asanagwidwenso. Koma mโmiyezi isanu ndi umodzi imeneyo iye anachita zinthu zodabwitsa kwambiri kuti akwaniritse malingaliro amene iwo anali nawo pamodzi mโndende. Iye anakonza gulu la anthu amene anakhazikitsa sukulu ya chinenero cha Chiairishi, yomwe, mwa njira, ikukulabe mpaka pano; zochitika za chikhalidwe; mayendedwe a cooperative transport; bungwe latsopano la anthu wamba; nyuzipepala yamphamvu; ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale kuti achinyamata ambiri omenyera ufulu wawo anamupempha kuti angoganizira za magulu amtunduwu mโmalo molimbana ndi zida, iye ankaona kuti sakanatha kuuza ena kuti achite zinthu zimene iye sakanafuna kuchita. Choncho anakhalabe wokangalika pankhondo ndipo posakhalitsa anagwidwa ndi kuikidwanso mโndende.
Mudanenanso zodana ndi mipatuko ndipo iyi inali gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazandale za akaidi. Mkaidi aliyense wakale amene anali ndi nthawi yocheza ndi Bobby pamene anali mโndende analankhula nane za mbali imeneyi ya mikangano yawo. Iwo ankayankhula za "five -isms". Ma โismsโ ena anali odziwikiratu, monga socialism. Koma kudana ndi mipatuko inali imodzi mwamitu isanu yofunika kwambiri yomwe adapanga. Tsoka ilo, zinali zosatheka kukhazikitsa anti-mpatuko pankhondo yomwe inali yopatukana kwambiri ndipo, kunena mosabisa, IRA sinakhale ndi moyo wotsutsana ndi mpatuko m'machitidwe ake. Ngakhale lero, pambuyo pa zaka khumi za kutha kwa nkhondo ndi ndondomeko ya mtendere, mipatuko ndi vuto lomwe likupitirirabe ndipo lidzakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri.
A & M: Nchifukwa chiyani mukuganiza kuti anthu ambiri sadziwa "mbiri" iyi ya IRA ndi Bobby Sands makamaka? Zomwe anthu ambiri amadziwa ndi nkhondo yankhondo. Kodi nchifukwa ninji chilengedwe chophiphiritsira chikunyalanyazidwa?
ZOYENERA KUCHITA: Chabwino, chowonadi chodabwitsa kumpoto kwa Ireland pazaka makumi anayi zapitazi zakhala nkhondo. Sikuti ndizosangalatsa kwambiri pazofalitsa zodziwika bwino ndi kwa anthu otsutsa kuti alankhule ndi kulemba, koma adalamulira miyoyo ya aliyense amene ankakhala m'madera ankhondo, malo omwe Bobby Sands ndi ena amayesa kukonza. Ndizodabwitsa kuti mikangano yankhondo idapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano komanso kuthandizira IRA zomwe zidapangitsa a Bobby Sands kulimbikitsa anthu kuti akhazikitse gulu lina, komabe zomwe zidatenga nthawi yomenyera nkhondo zidatsitsanso zomwe mumazitcha kulengedwa kofanizira kukhala gawo lachiwiri. nkhawa. Ndipo, modabwitsanso, ndondomeko yotsatira ya "kubweretsa Republican Movement kuchokera kuzizira", powalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali pazandale zandale, kuwasokoneza ndikupitiriza kuwasokoneza kuti asaike mphamvu zawo mu chilengedwe chophiphiritsira ichi. Zachidziwikire, mapulojekiti ena ambiri adakalipo, makamaka m'magulu azikhalidwe ndi maphunziro, koma ngakhale pano pali zovuta komanso zotsutsana. Mwachitsanzo, m'zaka za m'ma 1990 boma lidayika ndalama mu sukulu ya Bobby's Irish ndipo idavomereza ngati "sukulu yokhazikika". Ndinali mโBungwe Loyangโanira sukuluyi pamene zimenezi zinkachitika ndipo zinachepetsa makhalidwe a mโsukuluyi komanso zinalimbikitsa chikhalidwe cha Chikatolika. Posakhalitsa, sukuluyi inali kuphunzitsa katekisimu ndipo ana ena anayenera kupeลตa ana asukulu anzawo pamene maphunziro achipembedzo anali kupitirira. Komanso, maphunziro apamwamba adayambitsidwa ndi zina zotero. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti masomphenya ena anawonongedwa. Palinso miyambo ina m'sukulu komanso m'madera monga Twinbrook, yomwe idakali "gulu lotsutsa". Koma ambiri mwa mizere iyi ndi obisika ndipo ndikuganiza kuti ndikofunikira kubwezeretsanso mbiri ya zomwe Bobby Sands ndi ena anayesa kuchita. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, pomwe mbiri iyi idakula, idasintha kwambiri ndikugogomezera Bobby womenyera njala komanso Bobby womenyera ufulu. Anthu akamawerenga, ndikhulupilira kuti akumbukiranso za gulu lina lomwe lingakhalepo, kukumbukira komwe Bobby Sands amachikonda komanso kuchita.
A & M: Mwamaliza kukonza bukuli ku Oventic, Chiapas. Kodi izi zangochitika mwangozi? Kodi mukuwona kulumikizana ndi a Zapatistas ndi masomphenya ena omwe adanenedwa ndi magulu mkati mwa IRA?
ZOYENERA: Ndithu. Ndiyenera kuvomereza kuti nthawi zonse ndakhala ndikukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Marxism ndipo ndidakali ndi chiyanjano champhamvu ndi magulu ena omwe amalankhula za kutenga ulamuliro wa boma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamphamvu zimenezo kusintha anthu. Ngakhale ndikuzindikira zovuta zopanga machitidwe atsopano owongolera ndi chiwawa nthawi iliyonse njira ya ziwerengero ikasankhidwa, sindimakayikira, mwachitsanzo, ponena za kuumirira kwa John Holloway kuti mudzaipitsidwa ngati mutalowa m'mabungwe aboma. Chotero pamene ndinapita kukakhala ndi a Zapatista ndi kuphunzira kwa iwo, ndinali wochirikiza ndi wokonzeka kuphunzira komanso kukayikira. Ntchito yawo ikuwoneka yaying'ono komanso yosalimba. Komabe kudutsa maola ambiri ndikukambirana za Zapatismo ndikuwona momwe anthu otsutsa akumangira gulu lawo - m'magawo a maphunziro ndi thanzi komanso mafakitale odziyendetsa okha - ndidapeza chiyamikiro chatsopano osati cha Zapatistas komanso Bobby Sands. ndi abwenzi ake, chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe amayesera kuti akwaniritse ku Twinbrook. Ndipo, ndiyenera kuwonjezera, anapitirizabe kuyesetsa kukwaniritsa zinthu zimenezi mโndende. M'mikhalidwe yoyipa kwambiri, iye ndi ovala zofunda mu H-Blocks a Long Kesh anali okhudza chilengedwe chophiphiritsira. Anafika pafupi ndi kuzindikira utopia atatsekeredwa m'ndende yonunkhayo, yokhala ndi zipinda zopaka zonyansa komanso opanda zovala kapena buku loti tiwerenge, kuposa momwe tingakwaniritsire. Izi ndi zolimbikitsa komanso zosokoneza. Ndizolimbikitsa kuti anthu ogwirizana, omwe amakondana moona mtima, amatha kumanga chinthu cholemekezeka komanso chomasuka komanso chademokalase poyang'anizana ndi ziwawa zoopsa ndi ziwopsezo zachiwawa, komanso muzochitika zaumphawi wakuthupi. Koma ndizosautsa ngati zimatengera mikhalidwe yotereyi kusonkhanitsa anthu kumlingo wotere. Pali ngozi yokondana ndi anthu osauka a utopias. Vuto lenileni ndilakuti, muzochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za capitalism, timapanga bwanji mgwirizano ndikulimbikitsa anthu kuzungulira chilengedwe chophiphiritsira. Kotero ndinachoka ku Oventic ndikutsitsimutsidwa ndi kumvetsetsa kwatsopano kwa Bobby Sands ndi zomwe anthu ena mkati mwa gulu lake ankafuna kukwaniritsa. Kunali chiyamikiro chimene ndinalibe nacho pamene ndinali kukhala mโnyengo imeneyi ku Belfast. Koma inenso ndinachokapo. Ndipo tsopano, ngakhale ndikukhala ku Belfast ndikukhala m'misewu momwe Bobby Sands anali wokangalika, nthawi zina zimandivuta kulingalira momwe munthu angakhalire moyo wokangalika womwe adakhala ndikuyesa kupanga mtundu wa anthu omwe amalota. za kulenga.
A & M: Mukuganiza bwanji za zomwe zikuwoneka ngati kukulirakulira kapena kuyambiranso kwachikondi kwa nkhondo zachiwembu zakumatauni? Tikuganizira makamaka za chidwi chaposachedwa ndi mayendedwe a Weather Underground ndi zigawenga za Black Power, mwachitsanzo. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nโchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika, ndipo kodi mukuganiza kuti buku lanu lingathandize bwanji pa nkhani yovutayi?
ZOYENERA: Choyamba, sindingathe kunena za momwe Afro-America amachitira nkhondo yake ngakhale ndikuvomereza kuti ndimagwirizana ndi magulu ankhondo ankhondoyo, kaya tikukamba za Malcolm kapena George Jackson kapena Panthers. Ndinalimbikitsidwa Mumia Abu-Jamal atawerenga mbiri ya moyo wake ndipo ananena kuti adalimbikitsidwa powerenga za moyo wa Bobby ndi chitukuko cha ndale mofanana ndi momwe amachitira pamene ankawerenga mbiri ya Malcolm. Bobby Sands adafera ufulu wa anthu oponderezedwa kuti afotokoze zomwe akulimbana nazo. Iye sanafe chifukwa cha nkhondo yankhondo, koma chifukwa cha ufulu wa anthu kuti azichita nawo ngati akuwona kuti n'koyenera muzochitika zawo za mbiri yakale komanso ngati chisankho chawo chikuvomerezedwa ndi chithandizo chodziwika m'madera awo. Iyi ndi nkhani yovuta. Kumlingo wina, omenyera njala anali kutsatira chitsanzo cha zigawenga za ku Ireland za Pasaka 1916. Mu 1916, oukira boma monga James Connolly ndi Constance Markievicz anayamba kuchita zinthu zomwe sizinathandize kwenikweni. Koma iwo adawerengera kuti zitha kutengera kuponderezedwa kwa boma kotero kuti zitha kudzutsa thandizo ndipo, kutero, kupititsa patsogolo nkhondoyi. Panali lingaliro la mtundu wotero mu 1981 kumenyedwa ndi njala, monga momwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalira poyambitsa zida zankhondo. Bungwe la IRA linali lofooka kwambiri ndipo poulula ulemu ndi nkhanza za boma, omenyera njala akuyembekeza kudzutsa chithandizo ndikupititsa patsogolo nkhondoyi. Pali zododometsa zambiri pano. Kuchita zionetsero zopanda chiwawa kunalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kuti athandize zigawenga. Koma kuti kumenyedwa kwa njala sikunachite zachiwawa, komanso kuphatikizirapo njira yachisankho kuyambira pomwe a Bobby Sands adasankhidwa kukhala nyumba yamalamulo yaku Britain pomwe amamwalira, zidalimbikitsa anthu aku Irish Republican kuti asiye kampeni. Koma kuti ndibwerere ku funso lanu, chinthu chimodzi chomwe ndikudziwa kuchokera kunkhondo yaku Ireland ndikuti nkhondo si yachikondi. Kudziwa kwanga, Bobby Sands sanaphepo aliyense, koma lingaliro lake loti achite ngati kuli kofunikira silinali lophweka ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti liyenera kukhala lovuta kwambiri komanso losakondana kwambiri pamene adazindikira kwambiri ndale. Monga ndanenera kale, pamene Bobby Sands ankakhala ku Twinbrook anayenera kusankha kukhalabe wokonza gulu. ndi zigawenga za m'tauni ndipo anasankha motsimikiza kuchita zonsezi. Ine sindikuganiza kuti iye anachitenga chosankha chimenecho mopepuka. Ndikukhulupirira kuti adadandaula chifukwa cha zotsatira zake pazantchito zake zamagulu m'deralo. Analimbikitsa achinyamata omenyera ufulu kuti azichita nawo zida ndi kulimbana wopanda zida ndipo ndikudziwa za milandu ingapo pomwe adaletsa achinyamata kulowa nawo IRA chifukwa adaganiza kuti anali ndi luso lazinthu zina. Pamapeto pake, ndikuganiza kuti adazindikira kuti simungathe kuchita nawo zigawenga zakumidzi pokhapokha mutachita izi m'dera la anthu omwe ali otanganidwa kwambiri komanso okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito zandale, osati gulu lotsutsa komanso gulu. mu chilengedwe.
A & M: Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe mukuganiza kuti ife omwe tili m'magulu amasiku ano padziko lonse lapansi, mabwalo ndi maukonde monga Peoples' Global Action ndi Social Forum tingaphunzire kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana omenyera ufulu waku Ireland?
ZOYENERA KUCHITA: Kuyambira ndi miyoyo monga ya Bobby Sands, mukhoza kuona kuti anthu kuyambira pachiyambi wamba akhoza kukwaniritsa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Sindingayerekeze kukwaniritsa mphamvu zake, koma mwachiyembekezo pophunzira za Bobby Sands kuchokera kwa abwenzi ake, ndatsitsimutsidwa ndipo ndapeza chidaliro chatsopano pa zomwe is zotheka. Pali maphunziro oti aphunzire kuchokera kwa iye, komanso, za kuvutikira m'bwalo lanu, ziribe kanthu momwe zovuta zanu zingawonekere zosatheka. Ndimakwiyitsidwa nthawi zina ndimamvetsera omenyera ufulu wina akulankhula za momwe Seattle analili wamkulu kapena Prague anali wamkulu. Zoonadi, zinali zabwino, koma mukuchita chiyani tsiku ndi tsiku pabwalo lanu? Ndipo sindikutanthauza kumenyana ndi apolisi koma kulamulira malo ndikuchita zinthu zolimbikitsa mwa iwo. M'magawo a bukhu lomwe Bobby Sands akukonzekera ovala zofunda, akaidi anzake omwe akuchita ziwonetsero, kuti apite kukacheza kuti athe kuzembetsa zolembera ndikuyamba ntchito yofalitsa zabodza, akuwonetsa mosalekeza momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mwayi wanu, ngakhale mikhalidwe yomwe ambiri aife tingakhale ndi zovuta kuzindikira mwayi uliwonse. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kulimbana sikutayika konse. Chiyembekezo chake ndi chodabwitsa, ngakhale kuti nthawi zonse anali wodziwa zenizeni za chiyani ndikanathera kukwaniritsidwa. Komanso, iye ndi anzake anafunika kuvala yunifolomu ya ndende kuti apite kukacheza ndi kulinganiza ntchito yawo yozembetsa anthu. Anaona kuti nโzovuta kwambiri kuchita zimenezo. Koma posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti ulemu umachokera mkati ndi kuti yunifolomu ya ndende sikanawachotsera chikhulupiriro chawo chakuti iwo anali akaidi andale osati zigawenga. Mwamuna aliyense akachoka m'chipinda chake kwa theka la ola mwezi uliwonse ankapezanso malo andende ndipo potero anatsegula mabwalo atsopano akulimbana ndi mwayi watsopano. Zomwezi zidachitikanso kwa a Mayans pokana ku Chiapas. Kuti asunge ufulu wawo wadziko m'dzikolo, adayenera kupita ku makhoti a ku Mexico ndipo, pamlandu umodzi womwe ndikuudziwa, adayenera kulipira ndalama zambiri ku boma la Mexico kuti akhazikitse ufulu wawo mwalamulo. Zimenezo ziyenera kuti zinali zovuta kwa iwo. Koma atachita zimenezo anazindikira kuti kudzilamulira kwawo ndi ulemu wawo sizikanatha kuwonongedwa mwa kungosamukira mโmalo amene anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa boma. Anatsegula malo atsopano omenyera nkhondo ndikupanga mipata yatsopano kwa ena. Kotero, monga momwe kuyesayesa kwa gulu la Irish pa chilengedwe chofanizira ndi kosangalatsa, momwemonso, ndi zoyesayesa zosiyana za Zapatistas, piqueteros, MST, anthu a El Alto kapena Cochabamba. Ndipo ndikuganiza kubwereranso ku funso lanu lakale, zochitika izi komanso zofanana ndi zosaoneka zomwe zimatizungulira zingapereke chiyembekezo chochuluka kusiyana ndi kukumbukira za Nyengo Yapansi panthaka kapena zowawa zachikondi za Prague ina.
A & M: Eduardo Galeano analemba kuti: "Utopia ili m'chizimezime: Ndikayenda masitepe awiri, imatenga masitepe awiri kubwerera ... Ndimayenda masitepe khumi, ndipo ndikuyenda masitepe khumi. Kodi utopia ndi chiyani? Izi ndi za kuyenda. Mukuganiza bwanji pa izi? Kodi zimakupangitsani kumva bwanji?
ZOYENERA: Ndakhala moyo wanga wonse mukulimbana ndi kuleza mtima ndi kusaleza mtima. Tsoka ilo, kusaleza mtima nthawi zambiri kumapambana. Koma ndikupeza bwino, makamaka pambuyo pa Oventic. Ndinakulira kumidzi ya ku New Mexico, m'moyo womwe ungatengedwe kukhala "wodekha" komanso nthawi zambiri pokambirana ndi a Chicanos, Mexico ndi Amwenye a ku America. Ndakhala zaka zambiri mโchitaganya cha anthu a ku Ireland, mโmene lingaliro la โnthaลตi ya ku Irelandโ limafunikira kuleza mtima kwakukulu. Ndakambirana zachitukuko cha anthu a ku Navajos, ndikuwamvetsera akulankhula za "nthawi ya Navajo". Ndipo ndakhala pakati ndikulankhula ndi a Mayans, omwe mawonekedwe awo adziko lapansi samagwirizana ndi malingaliro anthawi yomwe akumadzulo ambiri amawadziwa. Amakumbukira zam'tsogolo pamene akuyendamo! Kodi zonsezi zikukhudzana bwanji ndi utopias ndi horizons? Eya, kusaleza mtima kungatisonkhezere kuchitapo kanthu. John Holloway amalankhula za kukuwa. A Zapatista akufuula, "ยกI, basta!" Ndipo kufuula kuli bwino. Koma tikangoona mdani ali m'chizimezime, gulu lina lankhondo kapena mtundu wowopseza wa anthu, kufuula kwathu kumatha kukhala chete. Titha kukuwanso, mobwerezabwereza, koma podziteteza ndipo pamapeto pake osatha. Chifukwa chake omenyera ufulu ayenera, ndipo mwina chofunikira kwambiri pakutanthauzira kwa omenyera ufulu, ayenera kuloza nthawi zonse ku utopia yomwe ili m'chizimezime, kuwonetsa kwa anthu ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira kuwafotokozera mpaka iwonso awona. Kenako, tiyenera kuwafunsa kuti atifotokozerenso, chifukwa akhoza kuona chinachake chimene tinachiphonya. Zili ngati mukuwonetsa wina pulaneti kapena kuwundana, ndipo nthawi zina mumayenera kukhala oleza mtima mpaka atha kuziwonanso, pakati pa zowoneka mwachisawawa zakuthambo. Ngakhale ophunzira wamba akuyunivesite azindikira izi. C. Wright Mills analemba mokongola za "maganizo a chikhalidwe cha anthu" ndi momwe posonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa zovuta za munthu payekha ndi zochitika zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, akatswiri a sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu angathandize kupanga masomphenya a gulu lomwe likugonjetsa kapena kupitirira mavuto / nkhanizo. Choncho ndimasangalala kuganiza kuti dziko lina lili pafupi. Koma kusaleza mtima kwanga kumangofuna kuti ndiyandikire, ngati sindingathe kufikako. Mwina ndiye kusiyana komwe kumakhalapo pakati pa Bobby Sands ndi Zapatista. Woleza mtima monga momwe aphunzirira kukhala, sikukwanira kuti mkazi kapena mwamuna wa ku Ireland ayende. Posapita nthaลตi, nawonso amafuna kukafika kumeneko. Koma titha kupitiliza kukambirana uku tikuyenda ulendo wautali. โโฆ
Dennis ndi wolimbikitsa anthu ammudzi komanso Wapampando wakale wa West Belfast Economic Forum. Ndi pulofesa wothandizana ndi kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ndi zachuma ku Queens University Belfast komanso pulofesa wa chikhalidwe cha anthu pa yunivesite ya Binghamton ku New York. Iye amakhala ku Belfast.
Marina ndi Andrej ndi othandizana nawo, ovutitsa anarchist komanso olemba. Amakhala ku New York.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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