Dziko la Venezuela lakhala likulamuliranso pamitu yapadziko lonse lapansi pomwe ziwonetsero zotsutsa ziwawa zomwe zikufuna kugwetsa boma losankhidwa la Maduro kulowa sabata yawo yachisanu ndi chiwiri. Ziwonetserozi zati mpaka pano 54 amakhala kuyambira pa Epulo 4, kupitilira ziwonetsero zachiwawa zotsutsana ndi boma mu 2014, zomwe zimadziwika kuti "Kutuluka". Komabe, nthawi ino, zipolowe zikugwirizana ndi kugwa kwakukulu kwachuma komanso kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha ndale komwe kumatanthauzidwa ndi kubwerera kwa ufulu ku Brazil ndi Argentina komanso ulamuliro wa bellicose ku Washington.
Pakadali pano, kulira kwapadziko lonse lapansi pakuyesa kwachiwawa kwaposachedwa chochotsa boma la Chavista kwasokonekera kwambiri kuposa nthawi yapitayi.
Kupatulapo chodziwika bwino cha kalata yotseguka ndi mamembala a LASA, UNAC/BAP mawu ogwirizana, ndi zionetsero zina zingโonozingโono, dziko la United States lomwe latsala pangโono kutha silinachitepo kanthu pochita zionetsero zomwe akuluakulu a Trump akuchita polimbana ndi Venezuela komanso mwadongosolo media kuzimitsa, kukonda kukhala chete kusiyana ndi mgwirizano wokhazikika ndi Chavismo.
M'malo awa, akatswiri ena otsalira adaphwanya poyera ndi oyang'anira a Maduro chifukwa cha momwe adayankhira pamavuto azandale komanso azachuma mdziko muno.
Mu posachedwapa Chidutswa kwa NACLA *, Pulofesa Wothandizira pa yunivesite ya Albany Gabriel Hetland amagawana njira ndi boma la Bolivarian, ponena za nkhawa za slide ya "authoritarian" ya Maduro.
"Komabe, ngakhale zonena zam'mbuyomu zaulamuliro wa Venezuela zinalibe zomveka, sizili choncho," akulemba motero.
Pomwe timalemekeza kwambiri zomwe Pulofesa Hetland adapereka pamkangano waku Venezuela, ife Venezuelanalysis** โ gulu la atolankhani ndi omenyera ufulu wa anthu amene pa nthawi ina anakhalapo, kuphunzira, ndi/kapena kugwira ntchito ku Venezuela โ akukana m'pang'ono pomwe mlandu waulamulirowu pounika maganizo ndi ndale.
Kukonza mbiri
Hetland atchulapo zaposachedwa zomwe boma la Venezuela lidachita pofuna kulimbikitsa zomwe adanena, kuphatikizapo Khothi Lalikulu la Venezuela (TSJ) lomwe linanena kuti "kutha" kwa National Assembly (AN), "kuletsa" kubwereza referendum. , kuyimitsidwa kwa "zisankho zamanisipala ndi zigawo zomwe zimayenera kuchitika mu 2016", komanso kuletsa kwa TSJ kuletsa ntchito zamalamulo za AN mu 2016.
Zowonadi, pali mavuto akulu angapo ndi akauntiyi.
Poyamba, zinthu zingapo zankhani iyi zimaperekedwa molakwika, ngati sizili zonse palimodzi kuti ndizolakwika.
Choyamba, monga Venezuelanalysis inanena panthawiyo, zisankho za TSJ za March 29 sizinathe "kuthetsa" Nyumba Yamalamulo ya Venezuela monga momwe zinalili mofanana ndi zomwe zinalembedwa m'nyuzipepala. M'malo mwake, zigamulozo zinafuna kuti zichitike kwakanthawi vomereza bwalo lamilandu kuti ligwire ntchito zoyenera zamalamulo, zomwe zidatanthauza kuvomereza mgwirizano wokhazikika pakati pa kampani yamafuta yaku Venezuela ya PDVSA ndi mnzake waku Russia, Rosneft, womwe unali wovuta kwambiri pazachuma cham'mbuyomu. Chigamulocho - chomwe chinazikidwa pa ndime 336.7 ya malamulo a dziko la Venezuela yacikozyanyo Kukwera mkati mwa Chavismo, ndi ma loya omwe alipo komanso akale omwe ali kumbali zotsutsana ndi malamulo. Munthu akhoza ndithu kutsutsa kuyambira-kusinthidwa ganizo pazifukwa zamalamulo ndi ndale, koma kunena kuti "kutha" kwa nyumba yamalamulo ndi kusakhulupirika.
Izi zikutifikitsa ku funso la Khothi Lalikulu loletsa kuletsa nyumba yamalamulo otsutsa-ambiri mu 2016. N'zosatsutsika kuti TSJ inachitadi kuphwanya malamulo atatu mwa anayi omwe AN adakwanitsa kuvomereza chaka chatha. Komabe, zimatengera awiri ku tango ndipo Hetland imachepetsa kwambiri gawo la otsutsa pazovuta zapagulu izi. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti AN "sanachite mopitirira mphamvu zake" kokha "nthawi zina", monga momwe Hetland akufotokozera.
Kuyambira pomwe AN watsopano adalumbirira mu Januware 2016, bungweli lidalengeza momveka bwino za nkhondo ya Bolivarian yopangidwa ndi Chavismo, ndi mtsogoleri wa AN Henry Ramos Allup akulonjeza kuti achotsa Maduro "pasanathe miyezi sikisiโ - chiwopsezo chosemphana ndi malamulo kwa pulezidenti yemwe wakhalapo. Zitsanzo za malamulo otsatiridwa ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo mu 2016 zikuphatikizapo lamulo loti yambitsani pulogalamu yanyumba yaku Venezuela, lamulo ku kubweza minda yolandidwa ndi mabizinesi kwa eni ake akale, lamulo lokakamiza akuluakulu vomerezani thandizo la anthu m'dziko, otchuka Lamulo la Amnesty, komanso a kusintha kwa malamulo kufupikitsa nthawi ya pulezidenti ndi zaka ziwiri. Tikhoza kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa otsutsa adayesa kulanda aphungu, momwe adalengeza kuti Maduro "adasiya udindo wake" poyamba October ndi kale izi January - zomwe Hetland nawonso amanyalanyaza kuzivomereza. Sanatchulenso chifukwa chomwe nyumba yamalamulo ilili "chopanda pake", chomwe ndi kukana kwa otsutsa kuchotsa atatu mwa opanga malamulo ake ochokera m'boma la Amazonas omwe akufufuzidwa chifukwa chogula mavoti mophwanya lamulo la Khothi Lalikulu. Apanso, wina angatsutsebe kutsekeka kwa TSJ ku AN, koma kutsutsa zoyesayesa zanyumba yamalamulo kuti zigwetse boma la Bolivarian mwanjira iliyonse ndizosokeretsa.
Hetland mofananamo imasiya otsutsa udindo wawo poyimitsa ndondomeko ya recall referendum (RR). Monga taonera, nyumba yamalamulo yotsutsidwa ndi otsutsa idalowa paudindo ndi cholinga chochotsa Maduro "m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi" - cholinga chomwe chikuwoneka kuti sichikugwirizana ndi RR, chomwe chimatenga miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Zowonadi, RR inali imodzi mwa njira zotsutsa ndondomeko ya mbali zinayi kuthamangitsa Maduro kuwululidwa mu Marichi 2016, yomwe idaphatikizanso kusinthidwa kwa malamulo omwe tatchulawa, msonkhano wachigawo kuti ulembenso malamulo (omwe otsutsa tsopano akutsutsa), ndikuwotcha misewu kukakamiza Maduro kusiya ntchito. Chifukwa cha magawano a internecine awo otsutsa, izo anachedwa poyambitsa RR ndikupanga zolakwika zazikulu, monga kusonkhanitsa masiginecha achinyengo a 53,658, zomwe zidapatsa boma chifukwa chosatha. onenepa ndondomeko m'makhoti. Palibe kukayika kuti olamulira a Maduro adakoka mapazi ake panjira ya RR akudziwa bwino kuti ikhoza kutayika, koma izi sizinali sewero la mbali imodzi lomwe Hetland adapereka.
Pomaliza, National Electoral Council (CNE) idachitadi thandizani zisankho zachigawo zomwe zakonzedwa chaka chatha, ponena za mikangano yokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya RR, kusuntha komwe sikungatheke chifukwa cha malamulo ndi ndale. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali choyimira cha kuchedwa kotere: a zisankho za mderalo Zomwe zidakonzedwa mu Disembala 2004 zidayimitsidwanso mpaka Ogasiti 2005 chifukwa cha referendum yotsutsa Purezidenti Chรกvez chaka chatha. Hetland akudutsa mwatsatanetsatane izi pothamangira kutsutsa zidziwitso za demokalase ku Venezuela.
Komanso, ngakhale ndizovomerezeka kudzudzula boma la Bolivarian chifukwa chochedwetsa mpikisano wa abwanamkubwa, zisankho zamatauni ndi nkhani yosiyana. Zisankho za mโmadera zikukonzekera 2017, kutanthauza kuti zikhoza kuchitika nthawi iliyonse chaka chisanathe. Posonyeza kuti boma layimitsa zisankho zam'deralo, Hetland wachita cholakwika china chomwe chikuwonjezera malingaliro ake okhudza "ulamuliro wonyada" wa olamulira a Maduro, monga momwe tiwonere pansipa.
Kupititsa patsogolo demokalase yaufulu
Pambuyo pa zolakwika zenizeni izi ndi zolakwika, vuto lalikulu ndi chidutswa cha Hetland ndilo lingaliro lake lodziwika bwino la "authoritarianism", lomwe palibe nthawi yomwe amatenga nthawi kuti afotokoze.
Popanda kulowa mozama mumzera wobadwira wa mawuwa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti ulamuliro waulamuliro suli lingaliro landale.
Monga momwe Hetland amawonera molondola, mlandu waulamuliro udatsutsidwa mokayikira kwa olamulira a Chรกvez ndi maboma ena "apinki" omwe adasangalatsidwa ndi ndemanga zaku Western ndi asayansi andale chifukwa cholimba mtima kutsutsa ulamuliro wa demokalase woyimira capitalist (neo).
Zowonadi m'zaka khumi zapitazi, asayansi andale motsogozedwa ndi nduna yakale yakunja yaku Mexico Jorge Casteรฑeda asiyanitsa pakati pa "wabwino" wosintha zinthu, wowolowa manja yemwe adawonetsedwa ndi Lula Da Silva waku Brazil yemwe ali wokonzeka kusewera mpira ndi likulu la Washington komanso dziko lonse lapansi komanso "woyipa" wotsogola, wodziwika ndi Hugo Chรกvez, yemwe watsegula woyimira ufulu. zipata zowongolera anthu ambiri kutenga nawo mbali muulamuliro wademokalase.
Monga Sara Motta kutsindika, binary iyi ndi yachitsamunda kwambiri: "okhwima" komanso akumadzulo
"wamanzere" waphunzira kuchokera ku zolephereka zomwe zimaganiziridwa za Marxism yosintha ndikuvomereza kusintha kowonjezereka, pomwe "kumanzere koyipa" kumakhalabe komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi ukasitomala ndi ulamuliro wautundu wa "kale" wakale, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yodana ndi demokalase yaufulu.
Dichotomy ya "kumanzere-kumanzere"/"kumanzere" sikuli kwachilendo, ikufanana ndi kukonzanso pang'ono kwa kusiyana kwa "revolutionary"/"demokalase" yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Latin America yomwe idatsalira pambuyo pa Cuban Revolution, yomwe. ndiye zakhazikitsidwa pa kugawikana kwachitukuko ndi "barbarism".
Hetland, m'malo mwa kukayikira lingaliro laufulu lachitsanzo cha atsamundawa, amasunga kusiyana, kulengeza kuti boma la Maduro ladutsa mumdima wa authoritarianism:
Poletsa referendum yokumbukira, kuyimitsa zisankho, ndikuletsa andale otsutsa kuti aimirire paudindo, boma la Venezuela likuletsa mwadongosolo kuti anthu aku Venezuela adziwonetsere okha kudzera munjira zachisankho. Ndizovuta kuwona zomwe tingatchule izi kupatulapo ulamuliro wokwawa.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, "authoritarianism" ya Hetland ikuwoneka ngati ikuphwanyidwa kwa machitidwe a demokalase omasuka, kuphatikizapo makamaka kulekanitsa mphamvu, kuopseza ufulu wa ndale wa otsutsa mapiko a kumanja a dziko.
Zomwe timapeza kuchokera ku njira yovomerezeka iyi ndi mtundu wa Mndandanda wamayendedwe a Nyumba ya Ufulu momwe zabwino ndi zoyipa za maulamuliro adziko lonse la South South (ufulu wolankhula, atolankhani, ndi zina zotero) amawunikidwa mokhazikika ndi chiweruzo chotsimikizika chokhudza โkhalidwe la demokalaseโ amaperekedwa. Dziko la Venezuela silinakhalebe "ulamuliro wonse waulamuliro," a Hetland akutiuza, "popeza otsutsa ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kochita zionetsero zotsutsana ndi boma." Pakadali pano, mawu omaliza a Hetland sangasiyanitsidwe ndi maphunziro apamwamba a ku Latin America, omwe kwa nthawi yayitali adapanga ma moniker ophatikizika monga "ulamuliro wopikisana wochita nawo mpikisanoโ kuzindikiritsa boma la Bolivia.
Vuto lokhala ndi malingaliro awa ndikuti pamapeto pake zimatsimikizira zomwe zimatchedwa zaulamuliro, ndikuziyika ngati zomwe zidayambitsa - limodzi ndi zoyesayesa zosintha boma la otsutsa - zovuta zomwe zikuchitika ku Venezuela m'malo mokhala chizindikiro cha kulumikizana kwamphamvu kwamphamvu.
Zomwe boma la Maduro likunena kuti zasokoneza zikhalidwe zina zademokalase - makamaka kuyimitsidwa kwa zisankho zachigawo - mosakayikira ndizokhudza kwambiri, chifukwa zikuwonetsa kusokonekera kwachiwopsezo cha Bolivia.
Ife ku Venezuelanalysis takhala tikutsutsa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti boma la Bolivarian likuchita bwino kwambiri kuti likhazikitse zoyesayesa za otsutsa kuti achotse Maduro, zomwe timaziwona ngati kuyesa kusungitsa momwe zinthu ziliri m'malo molimbikitsa unyinji wa anthu kuchokera pansi kupita pansi. thetsani zomwe zikuchitika pano ndikuthetsa vutoli posintha zinthu.
Mwanjira iyi, tadzudzula zizolowezi zomwe zili m'boma la Venezuela zomwe tikuwona kuti zikuphatikiza mphamvu za anthu achinyengo osintha "Boli-bourgeois" gulu. zigawo mu bureaucracy ndi asilikali, kuphatikizapo ulamuliro wankhondo mwachindunji pa katundu wochokera kunja, kumasulidwa kwa mitengo, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu pamodzi ndi draconian loan service, ndi Malingaliro a kampani Orinoco Mining Arc, zokayikitsa koma kuyambira-kusinthidwa kulembetsa chipani ndondomeko, Ndi kutembenukira kodziletsa mu ndondomeko yolimbana ndi umbanda.
Komabe Hetland sanalankhulepo modabwitsa ponena za kubwerera m'mbuyo kwa anthu ofuna kusintha zinthu m'zaka zinayi zapitazi, zomwe pazifukwa zonse ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa nkhanza zambiri zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa "zaulamuliro".
Apa ndipamene mlandu wa "authoritarianism" ukuwonetsa kukondera kwawo kowongoka: poyika patsogolo kuphwanya kwadongosolo komwe kumakhudza otsutsa a mapiko akumanja a bourgeois, Hetland imapangitsa kuti kusawoneka kwamphamvu kwankhondo zamagulu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri magulu otchuka.
Chifukwa chake, motsutsana ndi Hetland, vuto silokuti miyambo ya demokalase yaufulu yasokonekera, koma kuti kusintha kosintha kwa mabungwe ena ademokalase yokulirapo - "dziko lachikhalidwe" m'mawu a Chรกvez - atsutsana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. zotchinga msewu.
Apa tiyenera kukhala osakayikira: demokalase yaufulu si yathunthu kapena yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo mgwirizano wake ndi njira zosinthira nthawi zonse umakhala pakati pa nkhani. Kukakamira izi pa Chisinthiko cha Cuba, mwachitsanzo, m'mawu ake akuzinga mfumu yachiwembu ndi kuchuluka kwachabechabe komanso kusasamala pandale. Potengera izi, mtundu wa Cuba wa demokalase yosintha zinthu - ngakhale ili ndi zolakwa zonse ndi zolepheretsa - ndizovomerezeka kuposa mapulojekiti ena a demokalase omwe agwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru mfundo za demokalase yomasuka, monga Chile ndi Nicaragua m'zaka za m'ma 70 ndi 80s kapena Venezuela ndi Bolivia lero.
Njira ya Bolivarian, komabe, ndiyosiyana kwambiri, chifukwa imakhazikitsidwa panjira yachisankho yopita ku socialism momwe dongosolo la demokalase la bourgeois lomwe lilipo likuyandikira ngati malo omenyera nkhondo. M'nkhaniyi, kuyimitsidwa kwa ufulu wina waufulu monga zisankho kapena maufulu otsutsa enieni kungakhale kovomerezeka pazochitika zapadera zomwe boma la Bolivia likuchitapo kanthu kuti lithetse mavuto omwe alipo komanso kulamulira kuvomerezeka kosatsutsika pakati pa chikhalidwe chake.
Ngakhale kuti ziwawa za ndale ndi zachuma zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi otsutsa zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, dziko la Venezuela mwatsoka silikudutsa mu nthawi yofanana ndi "nthawi yapadera" monga momwe utsogoleri wa chipani ndi boma walephera kuchitapo kanthu polimbana ndi ziphuphu komanso ziphuphu. tengerani nkhondoyi kwa mdani wakudziko komanso wamayiko ena monga momwe zidalili panthawi yosinthira zinthu ku Russia, China, ndi Cuba.
Potengera izi, uthenga wochokera m'magawo ena a Chavismo oti sipangakhale zisankho pakakhala nkhondo - mfundo zovomerezeka m'zochitika zina kuphatikizapo dziko la Britain lomwe linazingidwa ndi Nazi - nzokayikitsa. Ngakhale zili choncho, zotsutsanazi ndizothandiza monga momwe zikuwonetsera kuti demokalase yaufulu ndi njira yosakwanira yowunikira njira zosinthira, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri kuposa momwe zimamvekera, monga momwe Hetland amatsutsa "authoritarianism" ku Venezuela.
Tayani onse kunja?
Pakuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zomwe zikuchitika pano, udindo wathu umagwirizana ndi ambiri aku Venezuela omwe amapita kumanzere kumanzere omwe madandaulo awo sakhala mndandanda wa machitidwe "aulamuliro" motsutsana ndi otsutsa a mapiko amanja olembedwa ndi Hetland, koma, m'malo mwake, osintha zinthu komanso nthawi zina zotsutsana ndi zosintha zomwe boma la Maduro likutsatiridwa.
N'chimodzimodzinso ndi magulu otchuka ku Venezuela - malo ochezera a Chavismo - omwe sasamala kwenikweni kuti Khoti Lalikulu laletsa Nyumba Yamalamulo Yadziko Lonse ndipo pulezidenti wakhala akugamula ndi lamulo ladzidzidzi lazachuma kuyambira February 2016. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wodziimira payekha, Hinterlaces, kuzungulira peresenti 70 Anthu aku Venezuela amawunika molakwika nyumba yamalamulo yoyendetsedwa ndi otsutsa, pomwe peresenti 61 ali ndi chikhulupiriro chochepa kuti boma lotsutsa lamtsogolo lidzathetsa mavuto aakulu azachuma a dziko. M'malo mwake, ambiri aku Venezuela akufuna kuti olamulira a Maduro achite kukhalabe pampando ndikuthetsa mavuto azachuma omwe alipo. Kusakhutira kwawo sikuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zadzidzidzi kwa Maduro - mosiyana ndi nkhani zapawailesi zapadziko lonse lapansi - koma chifukwa cholephera kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwakukulu m'malo mopereka ndalama zowonjezera.
Ngakhale pali zopinga, kuthawa, ndi kusakhulupirika zomwe zakhala zikuchitika zaka zinayi zapitazi kuyambira imfa ya Chรกvez, momwe anthu ambiri aku Venezuela amakhalira osagwirizana ndi gulu lonse la ndale la Venezuela monga momwe Hetland akusonyezera mwatsatanetsatane:
Ngati slogan iliyonse imagwira maganizo panopa mwa makalasi otchuka omwe amakhala m'midzi ya ku Venezuela ndi midzi ndi izi: Que se vayan todos. Tayani onse kunja.
Ngakhale Chavismo mosakayikira yatulutsa chithandizo chachikulu pazaka zisanu zapitazi ndipo magulu odziyimira pawokha, kapena ni-nis, adatupa oposa 40 peresenti ya anthu , PSUV idakali chipani chodziwika kwambiri mdziko muno, kwenikweni kuwonjezeka thandizo lake kuchokera pa 27 mpaka 35 peresenti kuyambira Januware. Mofananamo, Maduro akadali ndi chilolezo cha pafupifupi peresenti 24 anthu aku Venezuela, zomwe zinamupangitsa kukhala wotchuka kwambiri kuposa purezidenti wa ku Brazil, Mexico, ndi Chile - mfundo yomwe imakanidwa nthawi zonse ndi makampani ofalitsa nkhani padziko lonse lapansi. Ziwerengerozi sizodabwitsa kwambiri poganizira kuopsa kwa mavuto azachuma omwe akuwononga dziko lino, polankhula ndi kuchitapo kanthu pang'ono kwa njira zina zomwe boma likuchita monga momwe boma likuchitira. MALANGIZO komanso kulephera kwathunthu kwa otsutsa kupereka pulogalamu ina iliyonse.
Momwemonso, ngakhale akukula kukhumudwa ndi boma ndi zizindikiro Pakuphulika kotheka, zoona zake n'zakuti magulu ambiri a anthu a ku Venezuela ndi zipani za ndale za kumanzere zikupitiriza kuthandizira Maduro.
Chowonjezeranso ndi chakuti mgwirizanowu wotsalira pothandizira boma la Bolivarian wakhala wolimba poyang'anizana ndi chiwonongeko chotsutsa chomwe chikuchitika komanso kuyembekezera National Constituent Assembly yomwe idzachitike m'miyezi ikubwerayi.
Komabe zododometsa pamtunda, chitetezo cholimba cha olamulira a Maduro chimamveka bwino pazifukwa ziwiri.
Choyamba, monga Chavista aliyense yemwe wakhalapo m'masabata asanu ndi limodzi apitawa a zigawenga zakumanja angatsimikize, kusankha pakati pa kupitiriza kwa Chavismo paulamuliro ndi ulamuliro wotsutsa si nkhani ya malingaliro chabe - ndi funso la kupulumuka, popeza palibe kuneneratu kukula kwa ziwawa za ndale ndi zomangamanga zomwe otsutsa angatulutse ngati atakwanitsa kutenga Miraflores. Izi sizingakane kapena kuchepetsa kugwa kwa mavuto a zachuma omwe alipo tsopano, omwe boma liri ndi udindo waukulu, koma palibe kukayika kuti boma lotsutsa likhoza kutenga nkhondo iyi yachuma kwa osauka kumagulu atsopano a neoliberal. zankhanza.
Chachiwiri, kukhalapo kwa boma la Bolivarian kumaphatikizapo kuthekera kwanthawi yayitali kosintha dziko la bourgeois petro-state monga gawo la kusintha kwa sosholizimu ya 21st Century. Ngakhale pali chifukwa chokayikira za kuthekera kwenikweni kokankhira patsogolo demokalase ndi kuchotsedwa kwa dziko la Venezuela panthawiyi, pakhala pali kutsanulira Thandizo lapadera la National Constituent Assembly lomwe lingathe kukhala ngati njira yobweretsera ziwonongeko ndi kukhazikitsa mabungwe. zofuna zazikulu kuchokera pansi.
Chigwirizano chokulirapo chothandizira boma kumanzere kwa Venezuela chikusemphana kwambiri ndi "mliri panyumba zanu zonse" za Hetland, zomwe, mu Steve Ellner. mawu, pamapeto pake "kuyika otsutsa ndi atsogoleri a Chavista m'thumba lomwelo" monga njira zina zosayenera.
Ngakhale pali mkwiyo ndi kukhumudwa kwakukulu ndi boma - zomwe zingatanthauze kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kwa chisankho cha Chavismo mu zisankho zikubwerazi - malingaliro omwe alipo pakati pa magulu ambiri otchuka ku Venezuela poyang'anizana ndi ulamuliro wotsutsa wamakono wauchigawenga udakalipo " no volverรกnโ (sadzabwerera).
Udindo wa mgwirizano
Zonsezi zimatifikitsa ku udindo wa omenyera mgwirizano wapadziko lonse polemekeza Venezuela.
Timavomereza ndi mtima wonse ndi Hetland kuti ndi udindo wa aliyense wodzilemekeza wotsalira komanso wopita patsogolo "kukana kuyitana kulikonse kwa njira za imperialist zomwe cholinga chake ndi 'kupulumutsa' Venezuela".
Komabe, ngakhale kudana ndi kulowererapo ndikofunikira mwachangu, izi zimafunsa funso, kodi tiyenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi ndani?
Hetland akutipempha kuti tiyime ndi "anthu ambiri a ku Venezuela omwe akuvutika chifukwa cha kubwezera, kutsutsidwa mosasamala, ndi boma lopanda luso, losayankha."
Chotsatira chotsatira cha "mliri pa nyumba zanu zonse" ndi kukana kutenga mbali mu nkhondoyi - mwa mawu, kusalowerera ndale. Kaimidwe kameneka kamayenda mwachibadwa kuchokera ku dongosolo laufulu la Hetland la ulamuliro waulamuliro, womwe umatsimikizira kuti aluntha aku Western ngati osagwirizana ndi anthu - akutenga malingaliro a Cartesian a "diso la Mulungu" m'mawu a Enrique Dussel - omwe amatha kuyeza mowona bwino ukoma wa demokalase ndi Utatu. Maulamuliro apadziko lonse lapansi.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ife ku Venezuelanalysis timayima mopanda malire ndi gulu la Bolivarian-socialist la Venezuela, lomwe panthawiyi likupitirizabe kuthandizira akuluakulu a Maduro.
Sititengera izi chifukwa chakhungu mwadala ku zolakwika ndi kusakhulupirika kwa boma la Bolivarian, koma chifukwa ife (makamaka olemba athu pansi) tikudziwa kuti kwa Chavistas ambiri kusankha pakati pa kusintha kwakukulu ndi kubwezeretsa mapiko amanja. , kwenikweni, nkhani ya moyo ndi imfa.
* Mtundu wa nkhaniyi udatumizidwa ku NACLA, koma yankho loyamba silinalandiridwe. Mkonzi anasankha kupitiriza ndi kufalitsa pa venezuelanalysis.com pofuna kuyankha pa nthawi yake. ZOCHITIKA: NACLA idayankha zomwe tapereka masana pa Meyi 19, koma pofika nthawi imeneyo, nkhaniyi inali itasindikizidwa kale.
** Yolembedwa ndi Lucas Koerner m'malo mwa olemba Venezuelanalysis' ogwira ntchito zamawu ochezera a pa TV komanso woyambitsa VA Greg Wilpert.
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