Gwero: Guardian
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Daniel Samray/Shutterstock
Takuti adapha anthu asanu ndi atatu, asanu ndi mmodzi mwa iwo anali akazi aku Asia America, akuti akuti akuyesera "kuchotsa mayesero". Zili ngati kuti ankaganiza kuti ena ndi amene anali ndi udindo pa moyo wake wamkati, ngati kuti mchitidwe woipa wakupha ena m’malo mophunzira kudziletsa n’koyenera. Mlanduwu womwe udalinso watsankho moyipa ukuwonetsa chikhalidwe chomwe abambo ndi anthu ambiri amadzudzula akazi chifukwa cha zomwe amuna amachita komanso zomwe amuna amachitira akazi. Lingaliro la akazi ngati oyesedwa limabwereranso ku Chipangano Chakale ndipo likutsindika kwambiri Chikhristu choyera cha evangelical; ozunzidwawo anali antchito ndi ena opezeka m’malo otikita minofu; wakuphayo akuti akupita kukawombera ku Florida pomwe adagwidwa.
Sabata ino mnzake wina wachikulire adafotokoza zomwe adayesetsa mzaka za m'ma 1970 kuti atsegule nyumba yomenyera nkhanza zapakhomo mdera lomwe amuna awo sakhulupirira kuti nkhanza zapakhomo ndizovuta ndipo atawatsimikizira kuti ndizovuta, adamuuza, koma "bwanji ngati vuto la akazi”. Ndipo sabata yatha mnzanga wachimuna adatumiza mawu odana ndi akazi akudzudzula atsikana chifukwa cha zowawa za bwanamkubwa wa New York Andrew Cuomo, ngati kuti ayenera kuyamwa akaphwanya malamulo omveka bwino komanso okhalitsa pantchito, ngati kuti iwowo osati iye ali ndi udindo woteteza. ntchito yake ndi mbiri yake.
Nthawi zina amuna amalembedwa kuchokera munkhani yonse. Chiyambireni mliriwu pakhala pali nkhani zambiri za momwe ntchito za amayi zaphwanyidwa kapena kusiya ntchito chifukwa akugwira ntchito zapakhomo, makamaka kulera ana, m'mabanja ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mu February chaka chino, NPR idatsegula a nkhani ndi kunena kuti ntchito imeneyi “yafika pamapewa a akazi” ngati kuti ntchitoyo yagwa kuchokera kumwamba osati kukankhidwira kumeneko ndi okwatirana. Sindinaonepo nkhani yokhudza ntchito ya mwamuna yomwe ikupita patsogolo chifukwa wataya mkazi wake, kapena kuyang'ana kwambiri momwe akuzembera ntchitoyo.
Mayankho osalongosoka nthawi zambiri amadzudzula akazi m'mikhalidwe imeneyi kwa okwatirana ndipo amalangiza kuti achoke popanda kunena kuti kusudzulana nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa umphawi kwa amayi ndi ana, ndipo ndithudi, kusagwirizana kwa ntchito zapakhomo kungathe kufooketsa mwayi wa amayi wopeza bwino zachuma ndi kudziimira. Kumbuyo kwa zonsezi pali vuto lofotokozera nkhani. Nkhani zodziwika bwino zokhudza kuphana, kugwiriridwa, nkhanza za m’banja, kuzunzidwa, kutenga mimba zapathengo, umphaŵi wa m’mabanja a kholo limodzi la mkazi mmodzi, ndi zochitika zina zambirimbiri zimasonyeza kuti zimenezi zimachitika mwanjira inayake kwa akazi ndipo zimalembera amuna kuti asakhalenso m’nkhaniyo, kuwathetsa. za udindo - kapena kuwasandutsa kukhala "adamupangitsa kuti achite" nkhani. Momwemo tachitira zinthu zambiri zomwe abambo amachita kwa amayi kapena abambo ndi amayi amachitira limodzi ngati mavuto aakazi omwe amayi akuyenera kuwathetsa, mwina pokhala odabwitsa komanso olimba mtima komanso opirira mopanda chifukwa chilichonse, kapena kukonza amuna, kapena kusankha mwamatsenga zosatheka. amakhala osatheka kuvulazidwa ndi kusalingana. Osati ntchito zapakhomo ndi zosamalira ana zokha, koma zimene amuna amachita zimakhala za akazi.
Rachel Louise Snyder mu No Visible Bruises, buku lake la 2019 lonena za nkhanza zapakhomo, adanenanso kuti nthawi zambiri amakhala "bwanji sanachoke?" osati “chifukwa chiyani anali wachiwawa?” Mtsikana amene amakhudzidwa ndi kuzunzidwa m'misewu ndi kuopsezedwa kawirikawiri amauzidwa kuti achepetse ufulu wawo ndikusintha khalidwe lawo, ngati kuti chiwopsezo cha amuna ndi chiwawa ndi mphamvu yosasinthika, monga nyengo, osati zomwe zingasinthe. Ndipo zowona motsatira zomwe Sarah Everard akuti adabedwa ndikuphedwa ndi wapolisi masabata angapo apitawa, apolisi aku Metropolitan adagogoda pakhomo ndikuwuza azimayi aku South London kuti asatuluke okha.
Pankhani yochotsa mimba, mimba zapathengo nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ngati chinthu chomwe amayi osasamala adadzitengera okha komanso kuti osunga malamulo ku US ndi mayiko ena ambiri akufuna kuwalanga chifukwa chofuna kutulukamo. (Mumapeza chithunzithunzi kuchokera m’nkhani zotsutsa kuchotsa mimba kuti akazi ameneŵa onse ndi Hule wa ku Babulo pankhani ya kugonana ndi Namwali Mariya pankhani ya kukhala ndi pakati.) Ngakhale kuti anthu amene akufuna kukhala ndi pakati angatenge paokha, ndi banki umuna kapena wopereka, mimba zapathengo ndi wokongola kwambiri 100% zotsatira za kugonana zokhudza munthu amene, kunena mophweka, kuika umuna wake kumene n'kutheka kukumana dzira mu chiberekero. Anthu awiri adakhudzidwa, koma nthawi zambiri m'modzi yekha ndi amene angadziwike ngati mimba itatha kuchotsa mimba.
Katha Pollitt adanena mu 2015 buku la kuchotsa mimba Amayi 16 pa 9 aliwonse amakakamizidwa kuti akhale ndi uchembele ndi momwe mwamuna amagwiritsira ntchito ziwopsezo kapena nkhanza kuti anyalanyaze kusankha kwawo ndipo XNUMX% akumanapo ndi “kutsekula m'mimba”, mwamuna yemwe adataya mapiritsi, kuponya mabowo mu makondomu. , kapena kumulepheretsa kutenga mimba”. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe kuchotsa mimba kumayenera kukhala ufulu wopanda malire ndi: kuphwanya malamulo omwe amachititsa kuti pakhale pakati kuyenera kutsutsidwa ndi zosankha pa zotsatira zake.
Ndipo ndithudi malamulo oletsa kuchotsa mimba omwe ali ndi ufulu wogwiriridwa amafuna kuti anthu apakati atsimikizire kuti anagwiriridwa, njira yovuta, yosokoneza, yokhalitsa yomwe nthawi zambiri imalephera, pamene Pollitt akuwonetsa kuti ndi mimba zingati zosafunika zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha kuphwanya ufulu wodzilamulira womwe umalephera. matanthauzo a kugwiriridwa. Kugwirira chigololo pakokha ndi mlandu umene wogwiriridwayo kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala ndi mlandu osati wolakwayo. Mu kukumbukira kwake kodabwitsa Dziwani Dzina Langa, Chanel Miller akulemba za njira zonse zomwe anaimbidwa mlandu, pamene alibe chidziwitso, akugwiriridwa ndi mlendo - "wogwiririra wosambira wa Stanford". Momwemonso, zotsatira zalamulo za zochita zake zidapangidwa ngati zinthu zomwe amamuchitira.
Pomwe Tulane University idanenanso mu 2018 kuti 40% ya azimayi ndi 18% ya ophunzira achimuna adagwiriridwa, pafupifupi palibe chomwe chidanenedwa ponena kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti sanali ndi kampasi komwe amakhala ndi ozunzidwa, koma ndi omwe adachitiridwa nkhanza. Mu 2016, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lembani tchati kuchenjeza akazi kuti kumwa moŵa kungadzetse kugwiriridwa chigololo, kupatsidwa pathupi, kumenyedwa, kapena kutenga matenda opatsirana pogonana, monga ngati kuti moŵa weniweniwo ungachite ndipo ungachite zinthu zonsezi, ndipo akazi okha ndiwo ali ndi udindo woziletsa. Apanso amuna adatengedwa kuchokera ku nkhani zomwe iwo ndi odziwika bwino.
Pali njira zambiri zobisika zodzudzula wozunzidwayo, kuphatikiza njira zonse zomwe anthu amakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zachipongwe komanso tsankho zimawonetsedwa ngati zosokoneza kapena zokakamiza kumbali ina yamasewera komanso odwala m'maganizo kwina. Izi zimachitika, pomwe omwe amayang'anira momwe zinthu zilili pano asankha kuziteteza m'malo mwa zomwe zimawononga ndikuzichepetsa, lingaliro lomwe limapangitsa kuti kuvulazidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa kungayambitsenso zofanana.
Ruchika Tulshyan and Jodi-Ann Burey analemba mu February: “Impostor Syndrome imalimbikitsa malingaliro athu pa kukonza akazi kuntchito m’malo mokonza malo amene akazi amagwira ntchito.” Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda nthawi zambiri amakhala "amakhala ndi malingaliro osayenerera kapena oyenerera" pomwe ziyenera kukhala "ntchito pamalo omwe amamutenga ngati wosayenera kapena wosayenerera". Mutu waukulu wa Marichi 7 nkhani yokhudzana ikuwonetsa momwe izi zimachitikira: "Google idalangiza chisamaliro chaumoyo wamaganizidwe antchito akadandaula za tsankho komanso tsankho" ndikulongosola momwe ogwira ntchito omwe amadandaulawo adakankhidwira kunja, anthu omwe adawapatsa chifukwa chodandaula mwachiwonekere adasiya osayang'aniridwa.
Kulemba olakwira m'nkhani zonsezi kumatanthauza kuti ngakhale nkhanizo zimanamizira kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi ozunzidwa, ozunzidwa si omwe amawateteza. Olakwa ali, monga aliyense payekha komanso monga gulu. Ili ndi vuto komanso ngakhale vuto muzochitika zonse zomwe ndafotokozazi, koma pakukhetsa magazi ku Georgia kunali koopsa: Mnyamata wina adaphunzira kuchokera ku Southern Baptist subculture yake kuti kugonana ndi tchimo ndipo akazi anali oyesera ndi seductresses, omwe anachitidwa. iwo amene anali ndi udindo pa moyo wake wamkati, ndipo anawalanga ndi imfa.
Rebecca Solnit ndi wolemba nkhani wa US Guardian. Iye alinso wolemba ya Amuna Ndifotokozereni Zinthu Ndi Mayi Wa Mafunso Onse. Buku lake laposachedwa kwambiri ndi Recollections of My Nonexistence.
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