In chaka cha 158 cha Nkhondo yapachiweniweni yaku America, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti 2018, Confederacy ikupitiriza kuyambiranso. Ozunzidwa ake akuphatikizapo anthu akuda, ndithudi, komanso othawa kwawo, Ayuda, Asilamu, Latinos, trans people, gay ndi amayi omwe akufuna kukhala ndi ulamuliro pa matupi awo. Confederacy imamenyera nkhondo mokomera mfuti ndi ziphe zosalamulirika, kuphatikiza poizoni m'mitsinje, mercury kuchokera kumitengo ya malasha, kutulutsa mpweya kumtunda, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta m'malo otetezedwa kale.
Mfundo yake ikuwoneka kuti kutetezedwa kwa ena kumalepheretsa ufulu wa azungu, ndipo ufuluwo uyenera kukhala wopanda malire. Katswiri wa maphunziro wa ku Brazil Paulo Freire ananenapo kuti โopondereza akuopa kutaya โufulu wakuponderezaโโ. Zachidziwikire, siamuna onse oyera omwe amathandizira kukulitsa ulamuliro wakalewu, koma iwo omwe amadziona okha ndi mwayi wawo kuti ali pachiwopsezo m'dera lomwe akazi akupeza mphamvu, ndipo kusintha kwa anthu kumatitengera ku US komwe. azungu adzakhala amkulephera kwa 2045.
Ngati ndinu woyera, mungaganize kuti nkhondo yapachiweniweni inatha mu 1865. Koma kubwereranso kotsutsana ndi Kumangidwanso, kuwuka kwa Jim Crow, mitundu yambirimbiri ya tsankho ndi kulandidwa kwa ufulu ndi ufulu ndi chiwawa kwa anthu akuda, kunachititsa kuti anthu azigonjetsedwa ndipo kulangidwa mpaka pano m'njira zomwe zingatchulidwenso kuti nkhondo. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti Ku Klux Klan ankadananso ndi Ayuda ndipo, kalelo, Akatolika; kuti malingaliro oyera anali odana ndi anthu othawa kwawo, otsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, otsutsa-kuphatikiza; kuti mbendera za Confederate sizinakwezedwe pambuyo pa nkhondo ya m'ma 1860s koma m'ma 1960s monga chiwonetsero cha kayendetsedwe ka ufulu wachibadwidwe.
Njira inanso yolankhulira za United States ngati dziko lomwe lili pankhondo ndiyo kuzindikira kuti kuchuluka kwa zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito sikumagwirizana ndi mtendere. Tili ndi 5% ya anthu padziko lapansi komanso 35% -50% ya mfuti zili m'manja mwa anthu wamba, mfuti zambiri pa munthu aliyense kuposa kwina kulikonse - ndi kufa kwamfuti kochulukira, nakonso. Kodi ndizodabwitsa kuti kuwombera anthu ambiri - pafupifupi amuna onse komanso zoyera - zimachitika tsiku lililonse? Masunagoge ambiri, malo ammudzi achiyuda, matchalitchi akuda ndi masukulu aboma tsopano akuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe akukonzekera wowombera yemwe angafike, wowombera mfuti yemwe takumana naye m'nkhani zambiri zapambuyo pake, yemwe ali womvetsa chisoni, wokwiya, akumva kuti ali ndi ufulu wopha anthu. ndipo ali wokonzeka kutero. Zotsatira zamaganizidwe za kubowola ndi mantha, komanso ndalama zogulira chitetezo, ndi msonkho wa anthu ena kuti apeze mfuti. Momwemonso amafa.
Tidakhala ndi purezidenti wolimbikira wa Unionist kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo tsopano tili miyezi 21 muulamuliro wa Purezidenti wa Confederate poyera, yemwe wateteza. Zithunzi za Confederate ndi zikhalidwe za Confederate ndi zolinga za Confederate, chifukwa Make America Great Again imabwereranso ku zongopeka za antebellum za ulamuliro wa amuna oyera. Mapeto a sabata yatha atha kukhala Make America Amitundu Apanso. Kenako kunabwera kuukira, Lachiwiri lapitali, pa chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zidachitika pambuyo pa kutha kwa nkhondo yapakati pa mayiko: 14th Kusintha, zomwe zimapereka ufulu wofanana wokhala nzika kwa aliyense wobadwira kuno kapena wobadwa.
Zambiri zomwe zili pachiwopsezo ndi tanthauzo la "ife", "athu" ndi "ife". โIfe anthu a ku United States, kuti tipange mgwirizano wangwiro,โ ikutero mawu oyamba a Constitution. Zinali zosamvetsetseka ponena za kuti โifeโ tinali ndani, ndi kuti โanthuโ anali ndani. Chikalatachi chimapatsa azungu ena voti ndikugawa oyimira boma lililonse molingana ndi "Nambala yonse ya Anthu Omasuka, osaphatikizanso Amwenye omwe sanakhomedwe msonkho, atatu mwa magawo asanu a Anthu ena onse". โAnthu ena onseโ ndi njira yaulemu yonenera anthu akuda akapolo, amene anapeza mgwirizanowo kukhala wopanda ungwiro. "Ife" wanu ndi ndani?" zitha kukhala zomwe timafunsana wina ndi mnzake komanso osankhidwa athu.
"Simudzalowa m'malo mwathu," adafuula makamu aamuna oyera omwe akuyenda kudutsa Charlottesville, Virginia, mu 2017 pamsonkhano womwe unakonzedwa poyankha kuchotsedwa kwa chiboliboli cha Confederate General Robert E Lee. Pamene Dylann Roof anapha anthu akuda asanu ndi anayi pa 17 June 2015 ku Charleston, South Carolina, adanena kuti: "Y'all akugwiririra akazi athu oyera. Mulilanda dziko lonse lapansi. " โIfeโ wake anali azungu, mwina azungu, popeza kuti โakazi athuโ amaoneka kuti amaona akazi achizungu kukhala katundu wa azungu.
Kulanda dziko lapansi: pali mantha ndi mkwiyo waukulu wokhudzana ndi mtundu womwe ukuchulukirachulukira omwe si azungu. โUnited States imachotsa pa chiลตerengero cha ana athu mamiliyoni ambiri mwa kuchotsa mimba,โ Woimira Steve King anauza magazini a ku Austria akutali. โTikuwonjezera pa chiลตerengero chathu pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni a โana a munthu winaโ amene analeredwa mโchikhalidwe china asanafike kwa ife. Tikusintha chikhalidwe chathu cha ku America awiri mpaka m'modzi chaka chilichonse. โ (Ananyalanyazanso kuti, pafupifupi ana 4 miliyoni amabadwa mdziko muno chaka chilichonse; kulondola kwenikweni sikuli kufunafuna kwa ambiri omwe ali kumanja kwenikweni.)
Purezidenti wapano wakhala akulimba kwa zaka pafupifupi zitatu ndi lingaliro lakuti othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo ndi zigawenga zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa tonsefe. Iye walalikira uthenga wabwino wa โifeโ oletsa kwambiri. Wokonda ku Florida Trump adatumiza mabomba kwa otsogola a chipani cha Democratic komanso kwa omasuka, ena mwa iwo achiyuda, sabata ina. Ku Kentucky, okalamba aลตiri akuda anawomberedwa ndi munthu wina wokhulupirira kuti azungu ndi wopondereza kwambiri ndipo poyamba anayesa kuloลตa mโtchalitchi cha anthu akuda. Pambuyo pa zigawengazo, Purezidenti ananena kuti "Globalists", mawu otsutsa Ayuda, ndipo pamene ena mwa gulu lake lachipembedzo adafuula dzina la George Soros - Soros atakhala m'gulu la omwe adawombera mabomba - ndiyeno "kumutsekera", pulezidenti adabwereza mawuwo moyamikira. Kenako panafika kuphedwa kwa sunagoge Loweruka lapitalo.
Munthu ameneyo anapha anthu a 11 m'sunagoge wa Tree of Life Loweruka lapitalo m'mawa udayang'ana kwambiri zomwe zamanja - Purezidenti, Fox News ndi zina - zidamukakamiza kuti aganizire - othawa kwawo aku Central America kum'mwera kwa Mexico: "apaulendoโ. Iye anagula mmenemo ngati chiwopsezo ndipo anadzudzula chiwopsezo chimenecho pa Ayuda onse komanso a Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society makamaka. "Ayuda onse ayenera kufa," akuti adafuula pomwe akuti amawombera olambira okalamba ndi zipolopolo zothamanga kwambiri za AR-15 yake. Analembapo kale kuti: "Sindingathe kukhala ndikuyang'ana anthu anga akuphedwa" - "anthu anga" kutanthauza kuti "ife" oletsa "ife" azungu amalimbikitsa anthu ngati iye kuti adziwe. (Wakuphayo adatumizanso zithunzi za "banja langa la Glock" pa TV.)
Rightwing media ndi purezidenti mwiniwake awonetsa othawa kwawo ngati gulu lowopsa. "Lingaliro la Trump loti anthu aku Middle East adalowa nawo gululi adabwera patangopita nthawi yochepa mlendo pa nkhani ya Fox & Friends adadzutsa chidwi cha omenyera a Isis omwe adalowa mgululi," idatero Phiri. Wachiwiri kwa purezidenti, Mike Pence, adalungamitsa zongopeka zopanda pakezi ndi zongopeka zake zopeka. "N'zosadabwitsa kuti palibe anthu ochokera ku Middle East pagulu la anthu opitilira 7,000 omwe akubwera kumalire athu," adatero. iye anati. Anthu aku Latin America, omwenso ndi Asilamu, omwenso ndi olakwa kwa Ayuda. Othawa kwawo omwe Fox News, akutsitsimutsa miyambo yakale yoyipa, amachenjeza kuti atha kutipatsira matenda akupha (kuphatikizapo nthomba, yomwe ikutha, ndi khate, lomwe mwina ndilosapatsirana kwambiri pa matenda onse opatsirana). Anthu othawa kwawo omwe ndi aukali. "Iwo" akutali kuti apangitse lingaliro lowopsa la "ife" motsutsa.
Sitinayeretsepo pambuyo pa nkhondo yapachiลตeniลตeni, sitinaipange kukhala yamanyazi, monga momwe Ajeremani achitira chiyambire nkhondo yapadziko lonse yachiลตiri, kuchirikiza mbali yolephera. Sitinakhalepo ndi ndondomeko ya choonadi ndi kuyanjanitsa monga South Africa. Talola kuti ziboliboli zipite m'dziko lonselo kulemekeza achiwembu ndi otayika, tikuwona mbendera yaukapolo ngati yachifundo, yosangalatsa, yosangalatsa, Ma Dukes of Hazzard, ndale zodziwika bwino. Mkulu wopuma pantchito, Stanley McChrystal, adangolembapo gawo akuponya chithunzi chake cha Robert E Lee zomwe adakhala nazo kwa zaka 40, ndipo chifukwa chiyani msirikali waku US ayenera kukondwerera mtsogoleri wankhondo yolimbana ndi dzikolo akunena chilichonse chokhudza kupotoza tanthauzo ndi kukumbukira pano.
The Washington Post inanena sabata ina yomwe mkulu wa asilikali ankhondo aja adachotsa chithunzi chake cha mkulu wa bungwe la Confederate yemwenso anali mfiti wamkulu woyamba wa KKK pambuyo poti antchito, ambiri akuda, adatsutsa chifukwa chokhala ndi chithunzicho kuntchito kwawo. Panali ziwopsezo zakupha kwa makontrakitala omwe adalembedwa ntchito kuti agwetse ziboliboli za Confederate ku New Orleans, komanso nkhondo yayikulu yokhudzana ndi kugulitsa mbendera za Confederate pamisonkhano yachigawo ku New York. Confederacy, yomwe iyenera kuti idamwalira zaka zana ndi theka zapitazo, ikadali ndi ife, ndipo kuukira kwaposachedwa kwa 14th Amendment ndikuyesa kutibwezera ku masomphenya ake a kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa ufulu ndi chitetezo.
Ngakhale dziko la United States lisanakhazikitsidwe, mikangano yayikulu idabuka pakati pa a Puritans ndi akhristu ena omwe ankafuna kukhala m'gulu lopatukana, losagwirizana, ndi ochulukitsa, pakati pa "ife" yopapatiza komanso yotakata. Kumene tsopano ndi New Mexico, crypto-Jews -Ayuda omwe adapulumuka ku Inquisition ya ku Spain pobisa chikhulupiriro chawo - adapeza pothawira pakati pa zaka za zana la 17. Mu 1657, a Quakers mโdziko limene tsopano limatchedwa Queens, New York, anapereka Flushing Remonstrance, chikalata chovomereza kulolerana kwachipembedzo cholimbana ndi chigawo cha Netherlands cha New Amsterdam choyesa kuthamangitsa Ayuda ndi ena onse kunja kwa tchalitchi cha Dutch Reformed.
Lingaliro la mitundu yosiyanasiyana silinathe. Ndi mu posachedwapa Muslim ndalama zopezera anthu omwe anaphedwa pa sunagoge ndi Muslim ntchito kuteteza manda Ayuda m'zaka zaposachedwapa; mu ntchito ya achibale a Japan-American opulumuka kundende kuti imirirani Asilamu omwe akufuna kumapeto kwa 9/11. Zili mu ntchito yonse yophatikizika ndi kumasulidwa ndi mgwirizano womwe unapangidwa kuyambira, pakuthetsedwa ndi ntchito zaufulu wa anthu, kuphatikiza ndi a Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society. A Mark Hetfield, wamkulu wa gulu, adalemba sabata ina kuti: "Tinkanena kuti timalandira othawa kwawo chifukwa anali Ayuda. Tsopano tikuti tikulandira othawa kwawo chifukwa * ndife Ayuda. Timadziwa chomwe chizunzo ndi mantha. Ndife anthu othawa kwawo.โ
Simuyenera kuponderezedwa kapena kubwera kuchokera ku mbiri ya nkhanza kuti mudzayime ndi oponderezedwa; mukungoyenera kukhala ndi tanthauzo la "ife" lomwe limaphatikizapo anthu osiyanasiyana kochokera ndi zilankhulo ndi zikhulupiriro zachipembedzo ndi malingaliro ogonana komanso kudziwika kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi. Ambiri aife timachita: Mizinda yayikulu yaku US ndi malo okhalirana bwino tsiku lililonse mosiyanasiyana. Anthu ambiri aku America adakwatirana m'mafuko ndi zipembedzo, ena adzipereka ku ntchito ya mgwirizano, ndipo ambiri amalembetsa kuti "ife, anthu" ophatikizana. Iwo omwe sali ochuluka koma ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, tsopano kuposa nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Confederacy sinapambane mzaka za m'ma 1860 ndipo sidzapambana pakapita nthawi, koma kuwononga kwambiri momwe kungathekere kumawoneka ngati momwe akufuna kutsika.
Pakanthawi kochepa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyesa kupambana momwe mungathere zisankho za sabata ino. Andale ena amachirikiza kuwongolera mfuti; ena ndi a NRA. Ena amafuna kuwalanda ufulu wobereka; ena ndi omenyera ufulu woteteza ufulu umenewo ndi wofunika kwambiri kuti amayi akhale omasuka ndi ofanana m'madera. Ena amatsutsa kutenga ana othaลตa kwawo kwa makolo awo othaลตa kwawo ndi kuwaika mu ma gulags; ena ndi okonda nkhanza za anazi. Kusiyana kwake kuli koonekeratu.
Ndipo m'kupita kwa nthawi tiyenera kuthetsa nkhondoyo ndi chigonjetso chotsimikizika cha lingaliro la kuchulukitsa, ndi pluribus unum mgwirizano, ndi chitsimikizo cha zikhulupiriro zonse ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe wapadziko lonse, ndi kufanana m'magulu onse. Atsogoleri achiyuda aku Pittsburgh analemba: "Purezidenti Trump, simukulandiridwa ku Pittsburgh mpaka mutasiya nkhanza kwa anthu othawa kwawo komanso othawa kwawo. Torah imaphunzitsa kuti munthu aliyense anapangidwa dziwani Elohim, mโchifanizo cha Mulungu. Izi zikutanthauza tonsefe. โ
Kalekale Trump atapita, tidzakhala ndi asilikali onyengawa a Confederacy ndi zida zawo, ndipo kuthetsa nkhondo kumatanthauza kuthetsa kukhulupirika kwawo kwa "ife" yopapatiza ndi ufulu woukira. Monga momwe Michelle Alexander anatikumbutsira posachedwapa: โMbiri yonse ya Amereka ingalongosoledwe kukhala kulimbana pakati pa awo amene analandiradi lingaliro lachisinthiko la ufulu, kufanana ndi chilungamo kwa onse, ndi awo amene anatsutsa.โ Akunena kuti sitiri otsutsa; ndife mtsinje umene akuyesera kuumitsa; iwo ndi kutsutsa, ochepa, anthu omwe akuyesera kuletsa kuyenda kwa mbiriyakale.
Mwina mtendere umatanthauza kupanga nkhani yochititsa chidwi ya kuchuluka ndi kuthekera komanso moyo wabwino kotero kuti imalimbikitsa anthu kuti atuluke m'mabwalo awo ndikuyika zida zawo ndikubwera. Zikutanthauza kupereka zoyitanira, osati kudzudzula chabe, ndipo imeneyo ndi ntchito yaitali, yosakwiya msanga. Mlungu wonse ndakhala ndi mutu wa nyimbo ya Johnny Cash monga Msilikali m'mutu mwanga. Kodi msilikali amatha bwanji kumenya nkhondo? Sindikudziwa, koma zimathandiza ngati nkhondo yatha.
Ndikudziwa kuti zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa dziko lino kukhala losautsa ndizolingaliridwa kuti ndi umphawi, kuganiza kuti sikokwanira kwa tonsefe, kuti tifunika kukhala olanda ndi osungira, okhometsa zitseko ndi oyang'anira malire ad hoc. Nkhondo zimamenyedwa chifukwa cha chuma, ndipo iyi ndi nkhondo yogawanitsanso chuma ndi ndani amene amasankha za kugawa kumeneko. Ndife dziko lalikulu, dziko lachuma chosayerekezeka - ngakhale tili ndi zovuta zakugawa - dziko lomwe lakhala lamitundumitundu, komanso lomwe nthawi ndi nthawi limatsimikizira malingaliro olingana ndi ufulu wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe titha kukwaniritsa tsiku lina. Imeneyo ikuwoneka ngati njira yokhayo yeniyeni yothetsera nkhondo yapachiweniweni yosatha, kwa tonsefe.
Rebecca Solnit ndi wolemba nkhani wa Guardian US. Iye ndi mlembi wa Men Fotokozani Zinthu Kwa Ine ndi Amayi a Mafunso Onse
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