Carol Que (CQ): Cholinga cha ndale chodziwika bwino pantchito zaukatswiri chimawonedwa ngati chonyansa. Mahmood Mamdani analankhulapo izi mu maphunziro ku University of Cape Town amene ankaona udindo wa yunivesite ndi wophunzira - ufulu wamaphunziro woona masomphenya ake akale - monga kudzipereka ku kuitana chilungamo. Kugwira ntchito ngati wolemba mbiri komanso wolimbikitsa, mwasonkhanitsa bwanji awiriwa, makamaka pamene, monga mudanenera kale mu phunziro la Exeter, kafukufuku wa mbiri yakale amagwira ntchito ngati kusanthula zenizeni zomwe zilipo? Ndale ndi chilichonse?
Ilan Pappe (IP): Inde, kwa ine wakhala ulendo wautali, kupeza tanthauzo lagolide pakati pa maphunziro ndi zolimbikitsa. Mwina chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu chinali kudzudzulidwa kuti ntchito yanga ikhala yandale kwambiri, yandale kwambiri… kutanthauza kuti ndiyabwino kwambiri.. Zimatenga nthawi kuti mukhale wolimba mtima, ndikunena kuti ili ndi lingaliro lopusa, kuti munthu akhoza kulemba mbiri yakale ya malo omwe mikangano ikuchitika lero. M’chenicheni, pafupifupi m’zochitika zirizonse, wina angakupeze kukhala kudzikuza kuganiza kuti wolemba mbiriyo angapereke nkhani yosaloŵerera m’mbali.
Njira yokhayo yomwe mungaperekere nkhani yosalowerera ndale, ndipo izi ndi zoona kwa sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, osati pofufuza zakale komanso kusanthula zamakono - njira yokhayo yochitira izi ndi kukhala wotopetsa kwambiri, kusamala kwambiri, khalani zenizeni, mwakuti simumanena chilichonse chofunikira.
Nthawi yomwe mukufuna kunena chinachake chofunikira, mumalowa mu gawo la chiweruzo cha makhalidwe abwino, chomwe chili mbali ya ndale. Nthawi yomwe muli ndi udindo, kafukufukuyo ndi wokhazikika, osati cholinga.
Ndizovuta, kwa anthu ambiri, kuti ndi choncho, chifukwa kupanga chidziwitso chonse kumadzulo ndi m'mayunivesite akumadzulo, kumachokera pa mfundo yakuti idzakhala yamphamvu, yopanda ndale, komanso yopanda tsankho. Ndiyetu ndiwe wampatuko ngati ukunena izi koma sakuzikonda! Koma ngati muzichita mwachidwi monga ine ndinachitira, ngati simubwera ku mafunso awa chifukwa mumakhala kunyumba ndikusinkhasinkha mafunso awa. Koma ngati muchita izi kuchokera muzolemba zanu zogwira ntchito za mbiri yakale, mwachitsanzo, pamitu yomwe ili ndi mlandu ngati Palestina, muli otsimikiza kuti ndizosatheka kulekanitsa malingaliro andale ndi ziweruzo zamakhalidwe ku nkhani yomwe idalembedwa.
CQ: Kodi pali mwayi wokonzekera ndale m'masukulu, makonzedwe a ndale omwe amaganiziridwa ngati njira yotengera zolinga zomwe zingatheke komanso zomwe zingatheke? Kapena kodi izi sizikugwirizana ndi kusakhazikika kwa ntchito zamaphunziro ndi nkhani zamaphunziro? Kodi tingadzipangire tokha ntchito yosintha kafukufuku wamaphunziro? Zachidziwikire, izi ziyenera kudaliranso mitundu ya mabungwe omwe tili….
IP: Kukhazikitsa ndale m'njira imeneyi kungakhale kovuta kwambiri. Ndizovuta kuti dongosololi livomereze kuti zomwe limachita ndi zandale monga momwe zimakhalira akatswiri. Ndipo zomwe mukunenazo ndikungopeza mfundo yomveka kuchokera pakuzindikira kumeneko.
Ndikumva kuti njira zopangira chidziwitso m'masukulu a maphunziro, makamaka mu umunthu ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu kumene ntchitoyo ndi ya munthu payekha, sichiyenera kugwira ntchito m'mabungwe kapena zovala zomwe zili mu ndale. Ndale si zochita za munthu, ndi kuthekera kogwirira ntchito pamodzi. Pachifukwa chimenecho, zingakhale zovuta kusintha momwe amagwirira ntchito kumaphunziro… zingafune kuti tivomereze kuti maziko enieni a maphunziro a chidziwitso ndi olakwika.
Ndakhala ndikuchita nawo zokambirana zomwe zakhala zikuchitika kwa zaka khumi, khumi ndi zisanu zapitazi, za momwe mungapangirenso yunivesite mwa kusintha ubale pakati pa mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira, mwa demokalase kufalitsa chidziwitso, mwa kulola maganizo, zambiri. njira zonse zasayansi zofufuzira ndi zina zotero. Kotero mwina mkati mwa kusintha kwakukulu uku, tikhoza kuchita ndale.
Ndipo poganizira za Palestine, ponena za gulu lomenyera maphunziro mwachitsanzo - uku ndikusintha, ndipo kusintha ndi ntchito ya gulu lonse, ndi akatswiri onse akugwira ntchito kuti akwaniritse zolinga zandale m'maphunziro awo, ngakhale amasiyana. ziyeneretso ndi zokonda zofufuza. Chifukwa chake American Historical Association ikutsutsana ngati ikakamiza ophunzira aku Israeli kuti anyalanyaze maphunziro, ndipo American Anthropological Society ilinso ndi zokambirana zofanana. Ichi ndi chitsanzo cha mabungwe omwe amatengera zochita za ndale m'masukulu. Mwina ndi mtundu wa kalambulabwalo wa china chake chomwe chingakhale kunja uko.
CQ: Ndakhala ndikuyang'ana gulu la omenyera ufulu wa mbiri yakale pakamwa, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe a ophunzira monga Rhodes Must Fall, omwe ali mkati mosonkhanitsa ndi kujambula pamodzi (mabuku) olembedwa momveka bwino kudzera muzolimbikitsa. Izinso zikugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira maphunziro.
IP: Zovuta zazikulu ziwiri pakupanga chidziwitso chamakono ndi izi: imodzi ndi yakuti imalepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro, malingaliro, ndi ziwalo zambiri za thupi lathu komanso kuchepa kwathu. kafukufuku ku gawo lokha la kuthekera kwathu monga anthu. Zotsatira zake zimakhala ntchito zambiri zamaphunziro zomwe ndi zakale komanso zosafunikira kwa anthu. Choncho vuto limodzi ndiloti likhale logwirizana kwambiri.
Vuto lachiwiri ndi lomwe mukunena, kuti mukangotsegula, limakhala malo omenyera nkhondo - kulimbana kovomerezeka mofanana ndi kulimbana kwa ndale. Maukonde ndi mitundu yomwe mukunena, mukulondola, ingakhale yolimbikitsa m'masukulu. Mmodzi atha kuwonjezeranso ndemanga iyi: maphunziro ndi malo andale kwambiri poyambira. Timatcha izi, 'ndale zamaphunziro', zomwe tikutanthauza kuti anthu akugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu monga chilimbikitso chawo chachikulu komanso chifukwa chachikulu chokwerera makwerero, kumalo amphamvu mkati mwa dongosolo. Sapeza malowa chifukwa ndi ophunzira bwino: amangokhala andale abwino. Kotero ilinso ndi gawo la mkangano uwu kuti simungathe kulekanitsa zomwe mukudziwa za ndale ndi zomwe mukudziwa zokhudza kupanga maphunziro.
CQ: Nanga maganizo anu ndi otani pakuphatikizira njira zokhuza udindo wa anthu ammudzi/chiyanjano pakati pa anthu/mikhalidwe ya ndale mu ndondomeko ya maphunziro? Mwina mutha kuyankhula makamaka pamaphunziro aku Palestine omwe mudapanga ku Exeter?
IP: Tisakhale pachitsanzo chimodzi. Ndikhoza kukupatsani zitsanzo zitatu ndipo chomaliza chokha chidzakhala ku Palestine. Ngati mukuganiza za mankhwala, ndi dongosolo la neoliberal lomwe sililola kuti mankhwala odzitetezera ayambe kukula koma amangofuna kupanga mankhwala omwe amabwera pambuyo pozindikira matenda, mungayembekezere kuti mkati mwa maphunziro, si onse omwe ali m'manja mwa zimphona za mankhwala. Pakayenera kukhala gulu lakusintha kwadongosolo kuchokera m'zachipatala momwemo, kufuna mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala, kapena njira zopewera.
Chachiwiri ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi kukhazikika komanso zachilengedwe, pomwe maphunzirowa akuyenera kuwonetsa kuyitanitsa kulimbana ndi malo omwe tikukhalamo, koma m'malo mwake akuti ndi kafukufuku wosalowerera ndale pazotsutsana zakusintha kwanyengo. Pankhani ya maphunziro a ku Palestine, kwa ine Exeter inali chochitika chapadera. Nthawi yomwe ndinapanga Center for Palestine Studies yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri maphunziro apamwamba, sindinachite zambiri chifukwa anthu ambiri omwe anali ndi chidwi chofuna maphunziro omwe Palestina ndi chidwi chachikulu, ngakhale si onse, anali kale omenyera ufulu. Panalibe zochepa zomwe ndikanawapatsa potengera maphunziro omwe amawalimbikitsa kuchitapo kanthu.
Komabe, kuti mupititse patsogolo zachitukuko kudzera mu maphunziro omwe mumayang'ana mwachitsanzo pa funso: mumapindula chiyani ngati omenyera ufulu pokhala nawo mudongosololi? Kodi mumafunikira maziko awa? Kodi sikunali kokwanira kukhala wolimbikitsa anthu? Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira digiri ndipo chifukwa chiyani muyenera kuphunzira njira zofufuzira komanso chifukwa chiyani mukufunika kuchita nawo mafunso amalingaliro ndi zina zotero?
Kugwira ntchito kwamtunduwu komwe kumalumikizana ndi funso lalikulu loyesa kupanga demokalase kupanga chidziwitso, kumaphatikizapo ophunzira kukhala nawo mbali pakupanga maphunziro. Maphunzirowa si kalata yakufa chabe, koma ndi chinthu chamoyo chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kumvetsetsa kogwirizana kuti ngati sichikugwirizana ndi zochitika zathu, ndizopanda ntchito. Dongosolo labwino kwambiri litha kuchita zomwe zimandichitira, pondilola malo ang'onoang'ono, ngati likuganiza kuti sipadzakhala spillover kwa ena, 'olemekezeka', machitidwe monga malamulo, mankhwala, ukadaulo, ndi chuma. Ndikuganiza mu umunthu ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu mungathe kupanga malo anu: koma angakhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri ngati mutayesa kugulitsa izi monga chitsanzo ku maphunziro ena.
CQ: Ndikufuna kufunsa makamaka za kugwira ntchito mwamaphunziro pamitu ya utsamunda wa atsamunda ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe. Ndine wa ku Australia, chifukwa chake izi zimadzutsa nkhani zaufulu wachibadwidwe, zomwe zili ndi zofanana ndi nkhani yaku Palestine. Poganizira kuti mawu oti 'decolonisation' akadalipobe, ndikukhulupirira m'malingaliro a anthu, omwe nthawi zambiri samamvetsetsa, ndipo masiku ano asankhidwanso ngati chikhalidwe cha mabungwe achikhalidwe "opita patsogolo" - mukuganiza kuti chikuchitika ndi chiyani pogwiritsa ntchito mawuwa. muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito? Kachiwiri, ngati udindo wa ophunzira, wogwira ntchito m'derali, ndikuthandizira pulojekiti yochotsa koloni, ophunzira angagwiritse ntchito bwanji kukakamiza mabungwe awo kuti asamangopereka zothandizira, komanso kumanga chithandizo cha anthu. Ndi zovuta zotani komanso mwina kupambana komwe mwakhala nako pankhaniyi?
IL: Ndiloleni ndiyambe ndi mawu omwewo, ndipo ndikuganiza kuti mukulondola kuti mawuwa atha kusamvetsetseka kapena kusinthidwa chifukwa pali lingaliro labodza lakuti kuchotsedwa kwaukoloni ndi njira yopanda ululu yomwe mumatenga zenizeni zomwe zili ndi zinthu zosagwirizana. , kuponderezana, tsankho, ndipo tsiku lotsatira mumadzuka ndipo mbali zonsezi zoipa zimatha. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa moyenera kumabwera ndi malingaliro oyankha, kumabwera ndi kugawanso zinthu zachilengedwe, kumabwera ndikukonzanso zoyipa zakale, ndipo izi ndizovuta kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amasangalala ndi chikhalidwe cha atsamunda. Ndikosavuta kupita kwa atsamunda ndi kunena kuti, potero tikukwezani kuti mukhale osakhala atsamunda. Ndizovuta kwambiri kutsimikizira wokhazikikayo kuti anyozedwe mpaka pomwe mwayi wawo wambiri ukuchotsedwa kwa iwo.
Chifukwa chake pali chinthu ichi momwemo, chomwe ophunzira omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu molakwika, amakonda kunyalanyaza. Ponena za funso la mabungwe, ndikhoza kukupatsani chitsanzo chimodzi. Ndizofanana ndi kusalinganika pakati pa mayendedwe amwenye ndi mapulojekiti atsamunda atsamunda. Mapulojekiti a atsamunda a Settler agwiritsa ntchito mwaluso malo opangira maphunziro akumadzulo a chidziwitso chozikidwa pa empiricism, chidwi, komanso kafukufuku wopanda tsankho. Ndipo pankhani ya nkhani za mbiri yakale, mukufunikira zolemba, chifukwa zolemba ndi umboni weniweni wakuti zomwe mukunena ndi zolondola.
Tsopano, zosungiramo zakale zimangokhala m'manja mwa okhazikika: anthu ammudzi alibe zosungira, ali ndi mbiri yapakamwa, yomwe kwa zaka zambiri idanyozedwa ngati gwero locheperako. Ngakhale zapindula zina m'zaka zaposachedwa polimbikitsa mbiri yapakamwa ngati njira yovomerezeka yokonzanso zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, ndikukayikirabe poyerekeza ndi zolemba zambiri.
Ku Exeter, ndinawona magulu a maphunziro a Palestina ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi Palestina, pogwiritsa ntchito mbiri yapakamwa monga kukana chikhalidwe - kutsutsa chikhalidwe mu lingaliro la Gramscian, lomwe ndilo kubwereza kwakukulu, kapena kutsutsa kwakukulu kwa ndale. Mumachita kukana zachikhalidwe pomwe simukuloledwa kuchita zotsutsana ndi ndale. Chifukwa chake mumafotokoza nkhaniyo popanda zolemba zakale ndi zikalata, mumawulula zolakwazo popanda zosungirako ngati mulibe. Mukufuna kuchokera ku bungweli, choyamba la m'deralo, ndiye maziko onse omwe tonsefe ndife, kuti amavomereza ntchito yamtunduwu, kulola kuti ntchitoyi igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kukana chikhalidwe, osati ngati sitepe ya maphunziro. .
Ndipo kachiwiri, zimabwera ku mafunso ena omwe takambirana. Muyenera kuchita pamodzi, simungathe kuchita payekha. Chifukwa chake ndikuganiza, kungakhale koyenera kunena kuti kuyambikanso kwa Maphunziro a Zachilengedwe komanso kulumikizana kwapafupi kwambiri kwa Maphunziro Achilengedwe ndi magulu andale adziko lonse lapansi, ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zosonyeza kuti zomwe mukunena mwina zikuchitika pansi, popanda aliyense kuzifotokoza bwino.
Palinso ndale zamtunduwu zomwe mumazikamba, kudzera mu maphunziro, kudzera mumtundu wa ntchito yomwe mukugwira. Ndikuganiza kuti mayeso otsatirawa ndi ma dissertations a MA ndi PhD, chifukwa saloledwa, panobe, kukhala chilichonse. Anthu abwino amauzidwa, mutatha PhD yanu mutha kuchita ndale pakufufuza kwanu. Ndikuganiza kuti iyi ikhala nkhondo yayikulu kwambiri chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kuti dongosololi liwunikire bwino kuposa njira wamba zowunikira.
Koma ndikuganiza kuti mwina zomwe mukunena, ndale, zitha kubweretsa njira yofananira yomwe mukuwunikiridwa, yomwe ili yofanana ndi zenizeni zandale kuposa zomwe timatcha zenizeni zamaphunziro. Ndikuziwona zikuchitika. Ena mwa ophunzira anga a PhD akudziwa kale kuti akuchita PhD iyi osati ntchito yamaphunziro - akuwona kale ngati maphunziro ogwirira ntchito limodzi pantchito yomenyera ufulu wawo. Kotero tiyeni tiyike motere: payenera kukhala kudziwona nokha kwa maphunziro - zolemba, zolemba, m'kalasi, monga zida za gulu lotsutsa - zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zaka za makumi awiri ndi ziwiri. Ndipo mwina ndizoyenera kuchita izi m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi, chifukwa tapeza njira zambiri zopanda chiwawa zokankhira ndandanda kuposa m'ma 50s ndi 60s. Ndiyeno, ambiri a ife amene tinali m’gulu la zigaŵenga zomenyera ufulu wathu tinkakhulupirira kuti nkhondo yokhayo ya zida ndiyo ingagwire ntchito.
Tsopano pali njira zina zotsutsa zomwe zimatsindika chikhalidwe, kufunika kofalitsa chidziwitso, ndikuwona izi ngati njira zopanda chiwawa kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zathu. Mwadzidzidzi ntchito mu academia kachiwiri akuona. Chifukwa chake mwina ilinso ndi gawo la china chake chomwe anthu sanachimvetse bwino, ndikuti, titero, Palestine ndi gawo chabe lazonse. Anthu akamanena kuti chifukwa chiyani mukungonyanyala Israeli, bwanji osandinyanyala ophunzira aku America, kapena ophunzira aku Australia? Ndikuganiza kuti yankho ndiloti anthu amamvetsetsa bwino kuti simungathe kulekanitsa zolimbikitsana ndi maphunziro. Mwina zomwe mwawona ndizoyambirira komanso zabwino kwambiri, chifukwa izi zikutanthauzanso kuti mumavomereza ndale mkati mwa maphunziro, malinga ndi njira, mapangidwe, ndi zikhalidwe. Ndipo mwina izi zinali zosavuta kuchita pankhani ya Palestine, yomwe inali kale yandale. Funso lotsalira ndiloti limangokhalira kuwerengera nkhaniyo, kapena ngati zikuchitika kwina kulikonse, kapena ngati lingapite kumadera ena.
CQ: Mumalankhula za kukana chiwawa komanso Palestine ngati chinsinsi chazonse, ndipo izi zikugwirizananso ndi kuphwanya malamulo kwa kusagwirizana m'malo ophunzirira. Izi ndi zomwe mwakumana nazo panokha, koma ophunzira akukumananso ndi izi. Mwachitsanzo ku UC Irvine, ophunzira omwe amadziwika kuti Irvine 11 adaphunzitsidwa ku kufufuza kwaupandu kwa chaka chonse, ndi mlandu woweruza milandu womwe umabweretsa chigamulo cholakwa, chifukwa chochita ziwonetsero pa kupezeka kwa IDF pamwambo wapasukulupo.
IL: Ndiwongoyang'anira mphamvu, ndipo mukudziwa, ulamuliro wolamulira ukhoza kukhala m'manja mwa boma, gulu la zigawenga, kapena oyang'anira mayunivesite. Ulamuliro weniweni wa demokalase umatanthauza kuchepetsa kutengeka kwaulamuliro komwe kulinso chiwawa chomwe chili m'manja mwa oyang'anira.
Ndizosangalatsa chifukwa tsiku lina, mnzanga wa ku yunivesite ya Haifa adachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa amaphunzitsa mbiri ya zigawenga ndi zigawenga. Zikuoneka kuti anali atayendetsa kalasilo osati kuchokera ku mbiri yakale, koma monga labotale yogwira ntchito yotsutsa. Anachita bwino kwambiri moti anathamangitsidwa! Oyang'anira adazindikira kuti maphunziro ake anali owopsa ngakhale anali ochepa komanso ochepa.
CQ: Kodi akatswiri amaphunziro angalimbikitse bwanji chidziwitso kuti athe kulimbikitsa mgwirizano komanso wolimbikitsana, osati pakati pa gulu la ophunzira komanso anthu onse? Kodi pali china chake chomwe chiyenera kufufuzidwa muzokongoletsa ndi zandale zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokozera zamaphunziro ndi zolimbikitsa?
IP: Pali zochitika ziwiri zomwe zingatheke kuti izi zitheke. Choyamba, titha kuwona kale kuti mayunivesite aboma akuuzidwa ndi maboma awo kuti umunthu ndi sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu sizofunika kwambiri. Amafunadi kuwalekanitsa ngati njira ya 'maphunziro opumira' poyerekeza ndi 'ntchito yophunzitsa' (STEM). Ndipo kudodometsedwa kwamtunduwu ku dongosololi kumatha kulola kuti olangidwawo akhale olimbikira kwambiri chifukwa adzamenyera moyo wawo. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kusintha momwe amamvetsetsa gawo lazolimbikitsa pakufufuza kwawo kufunikira kwatsopano pagulu. Ambiri aife tikuganiza kale kuti izi zidzatikakamiza kupanga malingaliro atsopano okhudza kupanga chidziwitso mu maphunziro.
Zina zomwe zingatheke ndi zokhudzana ndi zovuta zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira, monga mavuto azachuma a 2008, masoka achilengedwe, 'nkhondo yowopsa' - itchuleni momwe mungafune. Ndizodziwikiratu kuti akatswiri amaphunziro sanachitepo kanthu pochenjeza anthu za zovuta izi, komanso sanachitepo kanthu mogwira mtima poyankha zovutazi. Tsopano popeza maphunziro awonetsa kuti alibe chochita ndi kuchotseratu zovuta zazikuluzikuluzi kwa anthu, zikuwoneka kuti ndizochepa kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Munjira zambiri, mabungwe a anthu - mabungwe omwe siaboma - akuwoneka odziwa zambiri, odalirika kwambiri monga oyanjana nawo pothana ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zovuta za tsiku ndi tsiku za kusintha kwakukulu.
Choncho maphunziro alidi pavuto. Maunivesite akhala mabungwe olamulidwa ndi technocrats, omwe amayenera kupanga mtundu wa kupanduka kuchokera kwa ophunzira, chifukwa chirichonse chomwe amakhulupirira chimayendetsedwa ndi technocrats - kukwezedwa, ndalama ndi zina zotero. Koma zikuwoneka kuti m'malo mwake akukhala olamulira, ndipo amachotsedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Tsopano, zikafika pofotokoza momwe mumatchulira. Mwinamwake zomwe zimachokera ku zokambirana zathu ndikuti izi sizingasiyidwe kumagulu akale a hegemonic mkati mwa kupanga chidziwitso. Si iwo omwe adzatha kunyamula mbendera ya kusintha pankhaniyi, koma m'malo mwake iwo omwe akuyimira magulu ang'onoang'ono, magulu oponderezedwa, magulu oponderezedwa, omwe angathe kuthana ndi zigawenga bwino kuposa omwe ali m'dera lachitonthozo - chifukwa sanakhalepo. mu zone chitonthozo mulimonse. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa mowonjezereka.
Kuti nditsirize lingaliro ili, ndikungokuuzani kuti ndikupezabe lingaliro la 'kulimba mtima pamaphunziro' kukhala oxymoron. Sizikugwira ntchito. Ophunzira ambiri ndi amantha kwambiri, ndipo amachita mantha mosavuta. Si malo oyamba kumene mumayang'ana anthu olimba mtima omwe angagwire ntchito limodzi kuti asinthe.
Kumbali ina, pali mbali zambiri zolinga, titero kunena kwake, za dongosolo lino zimene zikanayambitsa kulira koteroko, mwakuti mukanayembekezera kukhalapo. Koma sichoncho. Awa ndi anthu omwe ayenera kubwera ndi malingaliro. Awa ndi anthu omwe ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuti asinthe dongosolo, komabe, akuwoneka ngati osatengera machitidwe omwe amawadyetsa ndi kuwaopseza.
Koma mwina ngati, maphunziro anali ochuluka anthu amene akulimbana kale monga ochepa ndi zina zotero… tiwona. Panali chiyembekezo chofananacho chokhudza zachikazi, chiyembekezo chachikulu chakuti kuchuluka kwa akazi - ndipo pali chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha amayi osati m'masukulu okha, komanso m'masukulu apamwamba - kungapangitse kusintha kwakukulu mu momwe timachitira chidziwitso, momwe timapangira chidziwitso. Komabe chinthu chokha chomwe timachitira umboni mpaka pano ndikuti alowa m'malo mwa amuna paudindo koma adasunga dongosolo lomwelo. Kotero izo sizinagwire ntchito. Koma tiwona.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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