Kumayambiriro kwa February 1947, a British nduna idaganiza zothetsa ntchitoyo Palestine ndi kuchoka m’dzikoli pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa zaka pafupifupi 30.
Mavuto azachuma ku Britain pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse adabweretsa boma la Labor kulamulira, lomwe linali lokonzeka kuchepetsa ufumuwo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu a British Isles. Palestine idakhala yolemetsa ndipo sinalinso chinthu chamtengo wapatali popeza onse aku Palestine komanso okhala ku Zionist anali akulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Britain ndipo akufuna kutha.
Imfayo idaponyedwa mumsonkhano wa nduna pa 1 February 1947 ndipo tsogolo la Palestine lidaperekedwa kwa UN - bungwe losadziwa zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, lomwe lidakhudzidwa kale ndi kuyambika kwa nkhondo yozizira pakati pa US ndi USSR.
Ngakhale zili choncho, maulamuliro akuluakulu awiriwa anavomera, mwapadera, kulola mayiko ena omwe ali mamembala kuti apereke yankho la funso lomwe limatchedwa "funso la Palestine", popanda kusokonezedwa.
Zokambirana za tsogolo la Palestine zinasamutsidwa ku Komiti Yapadera ya UN pa Palestine (Unscop), wopangidwa ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala. Izi zidakwiyitsa ma Palestine ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala a Arab League, chifukwa amayembekeza kuti Palestine yomwe idavomerezedwa pambuyo pake idzachitiridwanso chimodzimodzi ndi boma lina lililonse lovomerezeka mderali - kutanthauza, kulola anthuwo kuti adziwe tsogolo lawo landale.
Palibe aliyense m'mayiko achiarabu akadavomereza kulola anthu a ku Ulaya omwe ali kumpoto kwa Africa kuti atenge nawo mbali pakupanga tsogolo la mayiko omwe angodziimira okha. Mofananamo, a Palestine anakana lingaliro lakuti gulu la Zionist lokhazikika - lokhala ndi anthu ambiri okhalamo omwe adafika zaka ziwiri zokha bungwe la UN Palestine Regeency (UNRWA) lisanakhazikitsidwe ku 1949 - lidzakhala ndi mawu m'tsogolo la dziko lawo.
A Palestine adanyanyala Uscop ndipo, monga amawopa, komitiyo idaganiza zopanga dziko lachiyuda pafupifupi theka la dziko lawo ngati gawo la UN General Assembly. chigamulo 181 idakhazikitsidwa pa Novembara 29, 1947.
Utsogoleri wa Zionist Adalandira kugawikana kwa Palestine (kulandira mfundo ya dziko lachiyuda), koma analibe cholinga kutsatira izo muzochita, powona kuti theka la anthu akadali Palestine, ndipo malo omwe amaperekedwa theka la dziko losiyidwa ndi gulu la Zionist.
Mapulani oyeretsa mafuko
Kale kwa zaka zoposa 30, akatswiri a mbiri yakale afukula zosungirako zosungidwa zokwanira, makamaka kuchokera ku Israeli, kuti awonetsere njira ya Zionist kuyambira November 1947 mpaka kumapeto kwa 1948. kuyeretsa fuko la Palestine.
Kupita kwa nthawi, kuwonetseredwa kwa zinthu zambiri, ndi ntchito zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira komanso zofunika kwambiri za Palestina za mbiri yakale yapakamwa, zimangowonjezera kukwanira kogwiritsa ntchito mawuwa ku zochitika zotchedwa Nakba Palestina.
Mzaka zaposachedwa, tanthauzo lakale za Zionism monga gulu la atsamunda okhazikika kutsitsimuka ndi akatswiri ofufuza mbiri ya Palestina. Izi zikufotokozera momveka bwino chifukwa chake utsogoleri wa Zionist sukanavomereza Palestina yogawanika.
Mofanana ndi gulu lina lililonse la atsamunda atsamunda, linali gulu la anthu a ku Ulaya amene anali otayidwa mu kontinenti imeneyo, ndipo anayenera kudzipangira moyo watsopano kwinakwake, nthaŵi zambiri m’malo amene anthu akukhalamo kale.
Kufunika kochotsa anthu amtunduwu kunakhala chizindikiro cha magulu oterowo, mwachitsanzo, kuphedwa kwa Amwenye Achimereka ku North America.
Kukhala ndi malo atsopano okhala ndi anthu ochepa momwe kungathekere kunali kale mutu wapakati pa malingaliro a Zionist ndi kayendetsedwe kake kuyambira pachiyambi. Ulamuliro waku Britain udayimitsa kulanda kulikonse kofunikira (zocheperako asanu ndi limodzi peresenti maiko a Palestine anali pansi pa umwini wa Zionist pofika 1948). Koma pa dziko limene linali ogulidwa ndi Zionist, makamaka pogula kuchokera ku Palestine apamwamba ndi eni minda omwe sanapezekepo okhala kunja kwa Palestine, alimi akumeneko anayeretsedwa mwachilolezo cha akuluakulu a ku Britain.
Utsogoleri wa Zionist unayamba kukonzekera kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuko a Palestina mu February 1947 ndipo ntchito zoyamba zinachitika kale chaka chimodzi pansi pa mphuno za akuluakulu ovomerezeka a British.
Utsogoleri wa Zionist umayenera kuthamangira ntchito zawo zoyeretsa anthu amtundu wa Palestina mu February 1948, kuyambira ndi kuthamangitsidwa mwamphamvu kwa midzi itatu pamphepete mwa nyanja pakati pa Jaffa ndi Haifa. A US ndi mamembala ena a UN anali atayamba kale kukayikira nzeru za dongosolo logawa ndikufufuza njira zina zothetsera mavuto. Dipatimenti ya US State zosangalatsa zaka zisanu za trusteeship yapadziko lonse lapansi ku Palestine kuti apereke nthawi yowonjezera pazokambirana zina.
Zowona pansi
Chifukwa chake, chinthu choyamba chomwe utsogoleri wa Zionist udachita ndikukhazikitsa zowona pansi ngakhale lisanathe kutha kwaudindo (chifukwa cha 15 May 1948). Izi zikutanthauza kuyeretsa anthu aku Palestina madera operekedwa ndi UN ku dziko lachiyuda komanso kulanda matauni ambiri a Palestine momwe angathere.
A Palestine sanali mpikisano wankhondo kwa magulu ankhondo a Zionist. Odzipereka ena achiarabu adafika, koma sakanachita pang'ono kuteteza anthu aku Palestina kuti asayeretsedwe. Dziko la Aarabu linadikirira mpaka 15 May asanatumize asilikali ku Palestine.
Kuti ma Palestine anali opanda chitetezo pakati pa 29 November 1947 (pamene chigamulo chogawanitsa cha UN chinakhazikitsidwa) ndi 15 May 1948 (tsiku lomwe ntchito inatha ndipo mayunitsi ochokera ku mayiko oyandikana nawo a Arabu anafika kudzayesa kupulumutsa anthu a Palestine) si nkhani chabe. Zimatsutsa mwatsatanetsatane zomwe adanena muzofalitsa za Israeli zokhudzana ndi nkhondo - kuti anthu a Palestina anakhala othawa kwawo chifukwa dziko la Aarabu linagonjetsa Palestina ndikuwauza kuti achoke; nthano yomwe anthu ambiri padziko lonse lapansi amavomerezabe mpaka pano.
Malinga ndi nkhaniyi, dziko la Aarabu likadapanda kuukira Israeli, anthu aku Palestine akanatha kuthawa kuthawa kwawo komanso kuthamangitsidwa.
Pafupifupi kotala la miliyoni a Palestine anali kale othawa kwawo pamaso pa 15 May 1948 ndipo dziko lachiarabu losafuna linatumiza asilikali ake kuti apulumutse ena.
Pafupifupi anthu onse aku Palestine omwe amakhala ku Haifa ndi Jaffa adachotsedwa mnyumba zawo ndipo mizinda ya Bisan, Safad ndi Acre idasowa anthu. Midzi yowazungulira inakumana ndi tsoka lofananalo. M’dera lozungulira mapiri a kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Yerusalemu, midzi makumi ambiri inayeretsedwa mwamafuko, ndipo nthaŵi zina, ngati zidachitika ku Deir Yassin pa 9 April 1948, kuthamangitsidwako kunatsagana ndi kuphana.
Nkhanza zoipitsitsa za Israyeli
Kulowa kwa magulu ankhondo a Arabu - Egypt, Syria, Jordan ndi Lebanon - mu May 1948 kunabweretsa vuto lalikulu ku dziko latsopano la Israeli. Koma pofika nthawiyo, mphamvu zankhondo za gulu lachiyuda zidakula kwambiri (mothandizidwa ndi zida zochokera kumayiko akum'mawa zomwe zidagulidwa, ndi chilolezo cha Soviet, kuchokera ku Czechoslovakia, yomwe inali ndi zida zambiri zankhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe zidasiyidwa magulu ankhondo a Germany ndi Russia.
Chotsatira chake, asilikali a Israeli adatha kuchita mautumiki kumbali ziwiri: choyamba, motsutsana ndi magulu ankhondo a Aarabu; ndipo, chachiwiri, popitiriza ntchito yake yoyeretsa mitundu, kulunjika makamaka madera ogwirizana ndi chigamulo cha UN kugawa dziko la Aarabu.
Opaleshoni ku Galileya Wapamwamba makamaka inalemba zina mwa nkhanza zoipitsitsa zomwe asilikali a Israeli anachita pa nthawi ya Nakba: mwa zina chifukwa cha kutsutsa koopsa kwa anthu omwe ankadziwa kale tsogolo lomwe likuwayembekezera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Israeli; ndipo mwina chifukwa cha kutopa kwa magulu ankhondo, omwe adapereka zoletsa zilizonse m'mbuyomu momwe amachitira ndi anthu wamba.
Uthenga wochokera kudziko lonse kupita ku Israeli unali woti kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuko ku Palestina kunali kovomerezeka - monga malipiro a Holocaust ndi zaka zambiri za antisemitism ku Ulaya.
Mu kuphedwa kwa al-Dawayima, pafupi ndi Hebroni, pa 29 October 1948, akuti 455 Palestine, theka la iwo akazi ndi ana, anaphedwa ndi asilikali a Israeli.
Madera aŵiri a mbiri yakale ya Palestine anapulumuka tsoka la kuyeretsedwa mwamafuko. Dera lomwe lidadziwika kuti West Bank lidalandidwa pafupifupi popanda nkhondo ndi asitikali aku Jordan ndi Iraq. Ichi chinali gawo limodzi la mgwirizano wachinsinsi pakati pa Israeli ndi Yordani kuti pobwezera izi, Jordan idzachita nawo gawo lankhondo pang'ono pakuyesayesa konse kwa Arabu kupulumutsa Palestine.
Komabe, mokakamizidwa ndi Israeli nkhondo itatha, Jordan adavomereza, panthawi ya zokambirana za nkhondo, gawo la zomwe zimayenera kukhala West Bank yake. Derali limatchedwa Wadi Ara, kulumikiza Mediterranean ndi chigawo cha Jenin.
Kuphatikizika uku kunabweretsa vuto ku dziko latsamunda la atsamunda monga Israeli. Kukhala ndi gawo lochulukirapo kumatanthauzanso kukhala ndi ma Palestine ochulukirapo m'boma lachiyuda. Choncho, ntchito zing'onozing'ono zoyeretsa fuko zinachitika, kuti Kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha Palestine okhala ku Wadi Ara.
Kulumikizana kumeneku pakati pa geography ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kudapangitsa nduna yoyamba ya Israeli, David Ben-Gurion, kukana chikakamizo cha akuluakulu ake kuti atenge West Bank (akuluakuluwa adakhala andale omwe akufuna kulanda West Bank pankhondo ya 1967 kulipira "cholakwa" chosakhalamo mu 1948).
Nakba yopitilira
Israel idasiyanso dera lina, lomwe lidadziwika kuti Gaza Strip. Linali chigawo chochita kupanga cha nthaka chomwe Israeli adapanga ngati cholandirirapo mazana masauzande a othawa kwawo omwe adawayeretsa kumadera akummwera kwa Palestine ndikulola Egypt kukhala ngati malo ogwidwa ndi ankhondo.
Pamabwinja a midzi ya ku Palestine, Israeli adamanga midzi (nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito dzina lachihebri la dzina lachiarabu - motero Saffuriya adakhala Tzipori ndipo Lubya adakhala Lavi) kapena adabzala mapaki, kuyesera kuchotsa chikhalidwe chilichonse, moyo ndi anthu omwe adawononga mkati. miyezi isanu ndi inayi mu 1948.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama