Anthu Amayankhula ndi mndandanda wamalankhulidwe, nkhani, makalata ndi nyimbo zomwe zimasonyeza kusagwirizana kwakukulu m'mbiri yonse ya Britain. Anthu Amayankhula pulojekitiyi idawonekera koyamba ku USA, yokhazikitsidwa ndi wolemba mbiri komanso womenyera ufulu Howard Zinn ndi Anthony Arnove. Kutsatira kupambana kwa buku la US ndi filimu, Arnove ananyamuka ulendo UK version, akugwira ntchito ndi wojambula Colin Firth ndi wolemba mbiri David Horspool. Bukuli limafotokoza mbiri ya Britain kuyambira 1066 mpaka pano, kukhudza mikangano yosiyanasiyana monga republicanism, zolimbana ndi utsamunda wa Chingerezi, ufulu, mtundu, gulu, ufulu wa ogwira ntchito, komanso kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso kugonana. Apa Anthony akukambirana zolinga za bukhuli, ndondomeko yolembera ndi zomwe zikutsatira polojekitiyi.
Ndinadabwa ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Colin Firth pa ntchitoyi. Monga wosewera yemwe wapanga dzina lake kusewera anthu olemekezeka - mfumu ya England, a Darcy komanso loya wodziwika bwino waufulu wa anthu - sakuwoneka kuti ndi chisankho chodziwikiratu ngati wothandizana nawo buku lomwe limagwirizanitsa mawu a anthu wamba. Kodi Colin ndi wachinsinsi wa Socialist? Kodi zinatheka bwanji kuti agwire nawo ntchitoyi?
Anthu amakonda kuika zisudzo mu bokosi linalake. Muzochitika zanga ndikugwira ntchito ndi ochita zisudzo angapo, komanso oimba, samakwanira bwino mwa iwo. Colin satero ayi.
Ndinakumana ndi Colin pamene anali kugwira ntchito yofotokoza za tsankho, chilango cha imfa, ndi nkhani ya Mumia Abu-Jamal, kotero ndinazindikira kuchokera pamisonkhano yathu yoyamba kuti iye anali wochita zandale, wodziwa zambiri, ndi wolingalira.
Patangopita nthawi pang'ono titakumana, Colin anabwera ku New York pa kuwerenga kochokera m'buku la Howard Zinn ndi ine lotchedwa Howard Zinn. Voices of a People's History of the United States. The buku ndi gwero lalikulu lothandizira buku la Howard la Mbiri ya Anthu ku United States ndipo ndi chitsanzo cha Colin ndi ine tangosindikiza kumene ndi Canongate, The People Speak. Colin adafika pazambiri zowerengeka izi ndipo pambuyo pake adawonanso zolemba za Howard ndi ine tidagwirira ntchito limodzi, zomwe zimatchedwanso The People Speak.
Ine ndi Howard nthawi zonse tinkayembekezera kuti ntchito ya Voices idzafutukulidwa kumayiko ena, ndipo pambuyo pake Anthu Amayankhula yomwe idawulutsidwa mu 2009, tidayamba kulankhula ndi anthu za kuwerengera kwapasiteji ndi zolemba, komanso buku, m'maiko ena. Nthawi yomweyo tinaganiza zopita kwa Colin kuti abweretse ntchitoyi ku UK. Tidadziwa kuyamikira kwa Colin pa ntchitoyi, komanso ndinali ndi mwayi wotsogolera ndi Colin chochitika pa Ritzy Brixton momwe tinakokera pamodzi usiku wa kuwerenga kwa mawu a US okhudzana ndi mitu ya zolemba zomwe ndatchula poyamba. Ndende Yanga Moyo Wanga Wonse, yomwe idawonetsanso usiku womwewo. Kotero ine ndi Colin tinali kale ndi ena ochita masewera okondwa ndi polojekitiyi komanso ofunitsitsa kufufuza mbiri ya UK kudzera mu lens.
Ndiyenera kulola Colin kusankha momwe angatchule ndale zake, koma sindikuganiza kuti pali chinsinsi chilichonse chokhudza iwo. Wayimilira pagulu pazinthu zambiri, ndipo adathandizira zoyambitsa zina zofunika, monganso mnzake wodabwitsa, Livia Firth.
Kodi mungafotokoze chikoka cha ntchito ya Howard Zinn pa ntchitoyi?
HowardNtchito yake ndiyomwe idayambira polojekitiyi - komanso kudzoza kwa iyo. Howard anali ndi lingaliro la buku losonkhanitsa pamodzi nyimbo, zokamba, ndakatulo, makalata, zopempha, ndi zolemba zina za mbiri ya anthu. Ndipo analinso ndi lingaliro la kuwerenga kwathu koyamba pagulu la zosankha zanthawi zochititsa chidwi m'mbiri ya kusagwirizana ndi kutsutsa, zomwe zidachitika koyambirira kwa 2003 ku New York City, ndi osewera owopsa, kuphatikiza Kurt Vonnegut, Patti Smith, Marisa. Tomei, Danny Glover, ndi James Earl Jones. Howard ali ndi chidziwitso chozama cha momwe angapangire mbiri kukhala yamoyo kwa anthu - ndikuwapatsa chidziwitso cha gawo lawo lomwe akuchita.
Howard sanali yekha m’zimenezi. Ntchito yake inauziridwa ndi olemba mbiri ena, ndithudi, ndipo inalimbikitsa ntchito yatsopano yomwe tingatengere m'buku lathu la Voices. Koma ntchito yake idakhudzidwanso kwambiri ndi magulu a anthu omwe adawona komanso kutenga nawo gawo, monga kumenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wazaka za m'ma 1960.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale tidataya Howard mu 2010 - Malingaliro a Howard adadziwitsa mbali zonse za zolemba ndi buku la People Speak UK, zomwe ndi zina chifukwa chomwe timapatulira bukulo kwa iye.
Pali zinthu zambiri m'bukuli - zoyambira zoyambira kuchokera ku 1066 ndipo mumatifikitsa mpaka 2011 - ndipo ndikuganiza kuti panali zina zambiri zomwe sizinaphatikizidwe. Choyamba, kodi munazipeza bwanji?
Inde, zowawa, tinayenera kusiya zinthu zambiri zabwino pachipinda chodulirapo. Ndikukhulupirira kuti tsiku lina tidzatha kufalitsa zina kudzera pawebusaiti yophunzitsa kapena DVD kapenanso buku lokonzedwanso lokhala ndi zida zowonjezera. Tikufunanso kupeza njira yopangira filimu yomwe tinapanga History Channel ku UK kupezeka kwa anthu. (DVD yaku US ilipo koma yaku UK palibe.)
Tinali ndi mwayi waukulu wotha kugwira ntchito ndi gulu loopsya la ochita zisudzo ndi oimba pakuchita kwathu koyambirira kwa London kosankhidwa ku UK, komwe kunali maziko a zoulutsidwa pa History Channel. Izi zidatithandiza kutsitsa gulu lathu loyamba lowerenga, pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi, pomwe tili ndi opitilira 200 m'buku lomalizidwa. Zimene zinachitikazi zinali zofunika kwambiri. Sikuti tinangowona zidutswa zomwe zidabweretsedwa ndi akatswiri aluso kwambiri, koma ena mwa ochita masewera athu ndi oimba adabweretsa malingaliro atsopano owerengera pazokambirana ndikuthandizira kukulitsa zosankha zathu.
Kumapeto kwa gawoli la polojekitiyi, tidadziwa kuchuluka kwa zomwe zidawerengedwa zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale kanema wawayilesi wa ola limodzi komanso enanso omwe tinkafuna kupanga nawo filimu koma osakwanitsa tsiku lina.
Chotero pamene Jamie Byng, wosindikiza wa Canongate, anatifikira ponena za kusindikiza bukhu, tinawona kukhala mwaŵi wakukulitsa chiŵerengero chathu ndi kuikamo malemba ambiri. Tidagwiranso ntchito ndi wolemba mbiri David Horspool, yemwe adathandizira kudzaza mipata ina, makamaka m'nyengo zoyambirira zomwe timalemba, pomwe adabweretsa zolemba zosangalatsa kwambiri zomwe Colin ndi ine sitinazipeze m'kafukufuku wathu wam'mbuyomu.
Olemba ambiri odziwika bwino, ofufuza, komanso ophunzira adatipatsanso upangiri wofunikira, pakati pawo Mike Maqusee ndi Neil Davidson.
Potsatira, mwasankha bwanji zomwe mukufuna kuphatikiza ndikupatula? Kodi panali njira zina zosankhidwa? Mwachitsanzo, pali ma radial olimba mkati muno omwe amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo zandale. Kodi mudatsutsana kuti muchotse zinthu zamtunduwu kapena pali chilichonse chomwe chimayandikira?
Ntchito yathu idayamba ndikusankha zowerengera zomwe tikuwona kuti ndizodabwitsa ndipo zitha kuyankhula kwa omvera lero.
Tinapeza zowerengedwa zambiri pazambiri za anthu zomwe zinali zosangalatsa koma, pamapeto pake, zinali zowuma kapena zolembedwa kapena zolankhulidwa m'chinenero chomwe chimawoneka chosavuta kwa owerenga amasiku ano.
Ndipo tinkafuna zowerengera, ngati kuli kotheka, zomwe zimatuluka m'malo omwe chinthu chenicheni chinali pachiwopsezo kwa munthu amene akulankhula kapena kulemba. Anthu a m’buku lathu anapachikidwa, kuthamangitsidwa, kutsekeredwa m’ndende, kunyozedwa chifukwa cha zolankhula ndi zochita zawo. Zina mwa zowerengera mu Anthu Amayankhula ndi mawu omalizira a munthu kuchokera pamtengo, momveka bwino akunyoza omwe adawapha.
Kusankha kulikonse mu mbiri yakale kumawonetsa zokonda ndi nkhawa za wolemba - kapena akonzi, kwa ife. Sitinamizire kuti yathu ndi mbiri yakale. Timatsegula ndi zochitika kuchokera ku phwando la filimu ya Monty Python kusonyeza zimenezo, komanso chifukwa ali ndi chinachake chakuthwa ponena za dziko, gulu, ufumu.
Ponena za anthu omwe amalimbikitsa chiwawa, sitichita manyazi kunena kuti mbiri ya British Isles ndi ufumu, nkhani yomwe tikuyesera kuyikapo, ndi yodzaza ndi chiwawa. Kotero, inde, tili ndi mawu a anthu omwe amatsutsa chiwawa cha boma, ndi mphamvu zake zakupha ndi mphamvu zake zopanga nkhondo, ndi ena omwe amanena kuti mitundu ina ya chiwawa ingakhale yofunikira kuthetsa mitundu ina ya kuponderezana; monga chotulukapo cha zimene boma ndi anthu okhala m’maudindo adzachita kuti awononge chiwopsezo chirichonse pa udindo wawo ndi mwaŵi wawo. Tili ndi enanso m'bukuli omwe amatsutsa mwachidwi kuti njira zopanda chiwawa ndizo zokha zomwe zingathe kuthetsa mphamvu zopondereza. Uwu ndi mkangano wakale, ndipo ukupitilirabe.
Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri kwa ine kusiyana ndi funso la chiwawa ndi kusachita zachiwawa mwatsatanetsatane ndi nkhani ya "radicalism." Mawu oti "wamphamvu" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza kuti munthu sanganene zandale zovomerezeka. Koma ndikuganiza kuti kukhala wokhwima kumamveka bwino ngati kuyambitsa vuto. Ndipo m'buku lathu lonse mumakumana ndi mawu a anthu, monga Emmeline Pankhust, omwe malingaliro awo anali okhwima m'nthawi yake koma tsopano akuwoneka ngati anzeru. Amayi ayenera kukhala ndi ufulu wovota mofanana ndi amuna. Anthu anazunzidwa komanso kutsekeredwa m’ndende chifukwa chokhala ndi maganizo amenewa. Azimayi ambiri anagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri ndipo sanaonepo kuti ufuluwo ukukwaniritsidwa m’moyo wawo wonse.
Zikachitika pambuyo pake, tikuwona kuti anthu opitilira muyeso ndi anthu omwe, chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwawo, kuyika zoopsa, ukadaulo, akhala otsimikiza kwambiri kukulitsa ufulu womwe tili nawo masiku ano - komanso omwe adatipatsa zida zabwino kwambiri zotsimikizira, choyamba, kuti sachotsedwa, ndipo, chachiwiri, kuti apambane ufulu watsopano wa anthu. Potsirizira pake tinagwira ntchito pa bukhuli chifukwa tinkayembekeza kuti lipereka zomwe Wales socialist Raymond Williams anazitcha "zothandizira chiyembekezo," malingaliro kwa iwo omwe samangokonda kuwerenga mbiri yakale koma kutenga nawo mbali poyesa kupanga.
Ndimakonda lingaliro ili la "zothandizira chiyembekezo". Zitha kukhala zofooketsa kumanzere kumanzere kuwona mafunde a ziwonetsero ndiyeno kugwanso popeza sikukhudza momwe zinthu ziliri. Mumaphatikizanso zolankhula zaposachedwa zotsutsa kuchepetsedwa kwa ntchito zapagulu zomwe takhala tikukumana nazo ku UK. Kodi muli ndi chiyembekezo kuti kumanzere m'dziko lino (ndi madera ena a dziko lapansi) akhoza kutsitsimutsidwa ndikupereka zovuta ku chiphunzitso cha neoliberal?
Ndili ndi chiyembekezo. M'mbiri yonse ya mbiriyakale, ndikumva kuti pali vuto lalikulu lomwe lingapangidwe kuti kukana kuponderezedwa ndi kugwiriridwa, osati kusokoneza, kumakhazikika pazochitika zathu zonse zaumunthu. Ziribe kanthu kuti taphunzitsidwa motani ndi mitundu yokhotakhota ya ukapitalisti ndi mpikisano m’masukulu athu, zoulutsira nkhani zathu, m’mabungwe ena olamulira, anthu ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana kotheratu: mgwirizano, kudera nkhaŵa ena, kudzimana, kudzipereka ku chilungamo. . Padziko lonse lapansi tikuwona zigawenga, zina zazikulu kwambiri, zotsutsana ndi chiphunzitso cha neoliberal. Ndipo mochulukirachulukira, ndikovuta kuwona chifukwa chake kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo komwe kungatanthauze kuti titha kugwira ntchito mochepera ndikukhala ndi moyo wokhutiritsa kwenikweni zikutanthauza zosiyana. M'nthawi yomwe kusagwirizana kwakukulu kwa ndalama, thanzi, mwayi wamaphunziro, ntchito zatanthauzo, ndi luso lamakono, ziyenera kukhala zotsalira zakale, tikuziwona zikuwonjezeka. Ndikukhulupirira kuti malowa sangagwire. Shelley analondola pamene analemba mu "Masque of Anarchy," yomwe tikuphatikiza m'gulu lathu, "Inu ndinu ambiri, iwo ndi ochepa." Chiŵerengero cha anthu amene amapindula kwenikweni ndi dongosolo la zinthu lomwe lilipo ndi laling'ono ndi laling'ono. Ndipo unyinji wa anthu padziko lapansi amene amadya mosokonekera ndi mmene zinthu zilili panopa angathe, mwa kuchita zinthu pamodzi, kusintha mkhalidwewo.
Mwatchulapo kangapo mbali zochititsa chidwi za polojekitiyi. Bukuli linayambitsidwa ndi zowerengedwa ndi ochita zisudzo otchuka, kuphatikiza Colin Firth, Emily Blunt, Vanessa Redgrave ndi Ian McKellan. Kodi mukuwona kutsutsana kulikonse pakukhala ndi mawu ndi nyimbo za anthu opanda mawu ndi opanda mphamvu zikuwerengedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi nsanja yayikulu m'chitaganya chamakono?
Ndingakane mawu oti "wopanda mawu." Anthu awa anali ndi mawu, monga tikulembera m'buku lonselo. Nthawi zambiri ankaponderezedwa kapena kunyozedwa kapena kuzunzidwa, koma anali ndi mawu - omveka bwino, omveka, amasomphenya a mbiriyakale. Chifukwa chake polojekiti yathu sikutanthauza “kulankhula kwa osalankhula,” mawu omwe amandipangitsa kuti ndimve chisoni ndikawamva. ndi muyeso wopanda umunthu wogwirizira anthu, makamaka chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali komanso yovuta ya ntchito iliyonse yosintha chikhalidwe cha anthu.) Chifukwa chomwe ochita zisudzo ndi oimba amtundu wa Ian ndi Emily amakopeka ndi mawu awa ndikuti amalankhula modabwitsa. Ndipo zolankhula zomwe tawapempha kuti awerenge zimalankhula ndi zomwe amakonda komanso zokonda zawo.Ndipo kunena zoona, amagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Ndi mphatso kumva mawu awa olankhulidwa ndi Ian McKellan kapena oimbidwa ndi The Unthanks.Koma pali mawu omveka bwino komanso amphamvu pakuwamva akuwerengedwa m'gulu lililonse ndi aliyense amene akufuna kuwabweretsa kumalo ena a anthu kuti akhale. kugawana ndi ena. Chimodzi mwa zomwe timapeza ndizokakamiza kwambiri za polojekitiyi ndikuti imabweretsa anthu pamodzi kuti azitha kukhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu m'dziko lomwe timakhala tikukhala ndi atomized ndi olekanitsidwa wina ndi mzake, ndikuchotsedwa kale.
Ndinali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa chifukwa chake magulu ogwirizana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi amuna ndi akazi amasonkhana pamodzi. Kufanana kwa amuna ndi akazi komanso kufanana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osiyana pa kugonana ndi nkhani ziwiri zosiyana. Kuyika pamodzi nkhani ziwirizi kunkawoneka kwa ine kukhala zopanda pake kwa onse awiri. Mwachitsanzo, mawu omaliza ofotokoza zachikazi m'bukuli adachokera mu 1971, koma omenyera ufulu wachikazi akuchita kampeni mpaka lero. Chifukwa chiyani munapanga chisankho ichi?
Maguluwa anali kuyesa kopanda ungwiro kuthana ndi mfundo yakuti pamene tinayamba kulinganiza bukulo motsatira nthawi, zinali zochititsa mantha kulingalira za chiyembekezo choyambira m'zaka za zana la 12 ndipo anthu oopa angatope poganiza zowerenga pang'ono. masamba mazana azinthu zomwe zingawoneke zovuta kwambiri. Ndipo tinkafunanso kusokoneza chiphunzitso cha mbiri yakale ngati chinthu choyipa kwambiri. Tinkafuna kupatsa anthu chilolezo chochulukirapo kuti apeze mphambano pakati pa mayendedwe, kudumpha m'buku, ndikupanga maulumikizidwe awo. Sindimaganiza kuti tidachita zoyipa ku gululi powaphatikiza pamodzi, koma sitinafune kutsekereza mayendedwe aliwonse kuchokera kwa wina kapena kunena kuti aliyense alibe mphamvu ndi mphamvu zake. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi kuwerenga pang'ono kwa cholinga chathu. Koma monga momwe Colin amanenera m'mawu ake oyamba, uku sikungoyesa kupanga kusonkhanitsa kotsimikizika kwa mawu otsutsana. Tingakhale okondwa ngati zosonkhanitsidwa zambiri zotere zisindikizidwa ndipo zolemba zina ziperekedwa patsogolo, kuwerengedwa, kukonzedwa, kukambitsirana.
The US ndi UK Mabaibulo a Anthu Amayankhula zapangidwa kukhala zolemba. Kodi mukuganiza kuti bukuli lipezeka m'maiko ena? Kodi mudzakhalabe okhudzidwa?
Kupanga kwapa TV kwabwino kwambiri Anthu Amayankhula zangochitika kumene Australia. Kutengera mtunda, sitinatenge nawo mbali, koma gulu lomwe lidabwerako lidasintha mawonekedwe athu. Ndikuyembekeza kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga pompopompo komanso mtundu wa kanema wawayilesi waku Ireland, sewero ku Scotland, komanso chochitika chomwe chidzajambulidwa pawailesi yakanema ku Italy. M'malo osiyanasiyana, takambirana zopanga ku South Africa Spain, Germany, ndi France, koma pakadali pano palibe chomwe chadutsa magawo oyambira ofunafuna ndalama ndi kuwulutsa kapena zisudzo.
Pomaliza, kodi muli ndi zokonda zanu m'bukuli?
Sizingatheke kusankha imodzi yokha. Mutu wanga womwe ndimakonda kwambiri pakuwerenga kumodzi ndi kabuku ka Richard Overton 1646, An Arrow Against All Tyrants and Tyranny, Wowomberedwa kuchokera ku Ndende ya Newgate kulowa mu Prerogative Bowels of The Arbitrary House of Lords, ndi Olanda Ena Onse ndi Ozunza Onse. Ndimakondanso mawu ena odabwitsa achi Irish, omwe ali olankhula momveka bwino komanso onyoza. Koma zili ngati kufunsa nyimbo yomwe mumakonda ya Bob Dylan.
Anthony Arnove ndiye wolemba Iraq: Malingaliro Ochotsa, mkonzi wa Iraq Pansi pa Seige ndi Chomsky Chofunikira, ndi coauthor, ndi Howard Zinn, wa Voices of a People's History of the United States ndi Uchigawenga ndi Nkhondo. Iye ndi codirector wa Anthu Amayankhula ndi Chris Moore ndi Howard Zinn.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
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