Zotsatirazi ndi gawo la buku latsopanoli Chofunikira pa Maloto aku America: Mfundo 10 Zokhazikika pa Chuma & Mphamvu ndi Noam Chomsky ndi kusinthidwa ndi Peter Hutchison, Kelly Nyks, ndi Jared P. Scott (Seven Stories Press, 2017):
M'modzi mwa akatswiri asayansi andale, a Martin Gilens, adachita maphunziro ofunikira a ubale pakati pa malingaliro a anthu ndi mfundo za anthu, potengera zomwe zavotera. Ndi chinthu chowongoka kwambiri kuti muphunzire - mfundo zomwe mutha kuziwona, komanso malingaliro a anthu omwe mumawadziwa kuchokera kuzisankho zambiri. Mu kafukufuku wina, pamodzi ndi wasayansi wina wabwino wa ndale, Benjamin Page, Gilens anatenga zisankho za mfundo pafupifupi 1,700, ndi kuziyerekeza ndi maganizo a anthu ndi zofuna zamalonda. Zomwe amawonetsa, ndikuganiza motsimikizika, ndikuti mfundo sizigwirizana ndi malingaliro a anthu, ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zofuna zamakampani. Kwinanso anasonyeza kuti pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya anthu alibe chisonkhezero pa malamuloโangakhalenso mโmaiko ena. Ndipo pamene mukukwera mulingo wa ndalama ndi chuma, zotsatira za ndondomeko za anthu zimakhala zazikulu-olemera amapeza zomwe akufuna.
Deta yovotera siinayengedwe mokwanira kuti iye ayang'ane kupyola pa 10 peresenti yapamwamba, yomwe ili ngati yosocheretsa chifukwa mphamvu zenizeni zili m'gawo la 1 peresenti. Koma ngati phunzirolo linapitirizidwa mpaka kumeneko, ndizomveka bwino zomwe mungapeze: amapeza zomwe akufuna, chifukwa akuyendetsa malowo.
Mfundo yakuti mfundo sizikugwirizana ndi zofuna za anthu siziyenera kudabwitsa kwambiri. Izi zakhala zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndondomeko ya boma yapangidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu za boma ndi mphamvu za anthu akuluakulu pakati pa anthu. Apa, zikutanthauza makamaka gawo lamakampani. Ubwino wa anthu ndi wachiwiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri susamalidwa konse. Ndipo anthu akudziwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muli ndi mkangano waukulu ku mabungwe onse. Chifukwa chake, chithandizo cha Congress nthawi zambiri chimakhala m'magulu amodzi; utsogoleri sakondedwa; makampani sakondedwa; mabanki amadedwa - amafalikira paliponse. Ngakhale sayansi sakondedwa - "chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kuwakhulupirira?"
Mkwiyo Wosaganizira
Pali kulimbikitsana kotchuka komanso kuchita ziwonetsero, koma m'njira zodziwononga. Chimatengera mkhalidwe waukali wosayangโanizanaโchidani, kuukirana wina ndi mnzake ndi mikhole yowopsa. Mikhalidwe yopanda nzeru kwenikweniโanthu amene akutsutsana ndi zofuna zawo, kwenikweni motsutsana ndi zofuna zawo. Kuthandizira anthu andale omwe cholinga chawo ndikuwavulaza momwe angathere. Tikuona zimenezi patsogolo pathuโmumaonera TV ndi Intaneti, mumaziona tsiku lililonse. Ndi zomwe zimachitika muzochitika ngati izi. Zimasokoneza ubale wa anthu, koma ndiye mfundo yake. Mfundo yake ndi kupangitsa anthu kudana ndi kuopana wina ndi mnzake, kudziyangโanira okha, osachitira wina aliyense kalikonse.
Ndiye tengani Donald Trump. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndakhala ndikulemba ndi kuyankhula za kuopsa kwa kuwuka kwa munthu wowona mtima komanso wachikoka ku United States, munthu yemwe angagwiritse ntchito mantha ndi mkwiyo zomwe zakhala zikukula m'madera ambiri a anthu, komanso amene angathe kuwongolera. Iwo ali kutali ndi omwe ali ndi vuto la malaise kupita kumalo osatetezeka. Zowopsa, komabe, zakhala zenizeni kwa zaka zambiri, mwinanso kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zomwe Trump watulutsa, ngakhale Trump mwiniwakeyo sakugwirizana ndi chithunzi cha malingaliro owona mtima. Akuwoneka kuti ali ndi lingaliro lochepa kwambiri lomwe limaganiziridwa kupatulapo me ndi my anzanga.
Analandira chithandizo chachikulu kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amakwiya pa chilichonse. Nthawi zonse Trump akamalankhula zoyipa za aliyense, kutchuka kwake kumakwera. Chifukwa chazikidwa pa chidani ndi mantha. Chodabwitsa chomwe tikuwona apa ndi "mkwiyo wamba." Ambiri azungu, ogwira ntchito, otsika apakati, omwe adaponyedwa m'mphepete mwa njira mu nthawi ya neoliberalism. Iwo akhala moyo kupyola mu m'badwo wa kupindika ndi kuchepa. Ndipo kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a demokalase. Ngakhale oimira awo omwe adawasankha samawonetsa zokonda zawo ndi nkhawa zawo. Chirichonse chachotsedwa kwa iwo. Palibe kukula kwachuma kwa iwo, kuli kwa anthu ena. Mabungwe onse akutsutsana nawo. Amanyansidwa kwambiri ndi mabungwe, makamaka a Congress. Iwo ali ndi nkhawa kwambiri kuti akutaya dziko lawo chifukwa "generalized iwo" akuwalanda iwo. Mchitidwe woterewu wa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo kwambiri ndi kuponderezedwa, limodzi ndi chinyengo cha momwe akugwiritsidwira ntchito ndi "otukuka omasuka," ndizodziwika kwambiri, limodzi ndi zotulukapo zowawa nthawi zambiri. Ndipo m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti mantha enieni ndi nkhawa angathetsedwe ndi mfundo zazikulu ndi zolimbikitsa. Ambiri mwa otsatira a Trump adavotera Obama mu 2008, akukhulupirira uthenga wa "chiyembekezo ndi kusintha." Iwo sanaonepo kanthu kalikonse, ndipo tsopano mu kukhumudwa kwawo akunyengedwa ndi munthu wachinyengo amene akupereka uthenga wosiyana wa chiyembekezo ndi kusinthaโzimene zingabweretse ku mkhalidwe wonyansa kwambiri chithunzicho chikagwa. Koma zotulukapo zake zitha kukhala zachiyembekezo chokulirapo ngati pali pulogalamu yeniyeni komanso watanthauzo yomwe imalimbikitsa chiyembekezo ndikulonjeza mozama kubweretsa kusintha kofunikira. Kuyankha m'malo mwake ndi mkwiyo wamba pa chilichonse.
Malo amodzi amene mumawawona mochititsa chidwi ali pa April 15. April 15 ndi mtundu wa muyesoโtsiku limene mumakhoma misonkhoโmomwe chitaganya chilili chademokalase. Ngati anthu alidi demokalase, April 15 ayenera kukhala tsiku lachikondwerero. Ndi tsiku limene anthu amasonkhana pamodzi kuti asankhe kupereka ndalama pa mapologalamu ndi zochitika zomwe adazipanga ndikugwirizana nazo. Ndi chiyani chomwe chingakhale chabwino kuposa chimenecho? Muyenera kukondwerera.
Izi siziri momwe ziliri ku United States. Ndi tsiku la maliro. Ndi tsiku limene mphamvu zachilendo zomwe ziribe kanthu ndi inu zikubwera kudzabera ndalama zanu zomwe munazipeza movutikira-ndipo mukuchita zonse zomwe mungathe kuti asachite. Ndiwo muyeso wa momwe, makamaka mu chidziwitso chodziwika, demokalase ikugwira ntchito. Osati chithunzi chokongola kwambiri.
Zizolowezi zomwe takhala tikufotokoza pakati pa anthu aku America, pokhapokha zitasinthidwa, zipangitsa kuti anthu azikhala oipa kwambiri. Chitaganya chimene chazikidwa pa mfundo yonyansa ya Adam Smith, โZonse kwa ife tokha, palibe kanthu kwa wina aliyense,โ New Spirit of the Age, โkupeza chuma, kuiลตala zonse koma kudzikonda,โ chitaganya mmene chibadwa chachibadwa cha anthu ndi malingaliro achifundo, mgwirizano, kuthandizana, momwe amathamangitsira. Ndilo gulu loipa kwambiri sindikudziwa kuti ndani angafune kukhalamo. Ine sindikanafuna ana anga kutero.
Ngati chitaganya chakhazikika pa kulamulira chuma chaumwini, chidzasonyeza mikhalidwe imeneyoโmikhalidwe yaumbombo ndi chikhumbo chofuna kupeza phindu laumwini movutikira ena. Tsopano, chitaganya chachingโono chozikidwa pa mfundo imeneyo nโchonyansa, koma chingapulumuke. Gulu la padziko lonse lozikidwa pa mfundo imeneyi likupita ku chiwonongeko chachikulu.
Kupulumuka kwa Mitundu
Ndikuganiza kuti tsogolo likuwoneka loyipa kwambiri. Ndikutanthauza, tikukumana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri. Pali chinthu chimodzi chomwe sitiyenera kunyalanyazidwa - tili m'mbiri yakale kwa nthawi yoyamba pomwe tikukumana ndi mafunso enieni okhudza kupulumuka kwa zamoyo. Kodi zamoyozo zikhoza kukhalabe ndi moyo m'njira iliyonse yabwino? Limenelo ndi vuto lenileni.
Pa November 8, 2016, dziko lamphamvu kwambiri mโmbiri ya padziko lonse, lomwe lidzakhazikitse chidindo chake pa zimene zikubwera, linali ndi chisankho. Chotulukapocho chinaika ulamuliro wonse wa bomaโwotsogolera, Congress, Khoti Lalikuluโmโmanja mwa Republican Party, imene yakhala gulu lowopsa koposa mโmbiri ya dziko.
Kupatula mawu omaliza, zonsezi sizikutsutsana. Mawu omaliza angawoneke ngati achilendo, ngakhale onyansa. Koma sichoncho? Zoona zake zikusonyeza kuti si choncho. Phwando ladzipereka kuti lithamangire mwachangu momwe mungathere kuti liwononge moyo wamunthu. Palibe mbiri yakale ya kaimidwe koteroko.
Kodi uku ndikokokomeza? Taonani zimene tangoona kumene. Wopambanayo akufuna kuti achuluke msanga kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oyaka, kuphatikizapo malasha; kuchotsedwa kwa ndondomeko; kukana thandizo kwa mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene omwe akufuna kupita ku mphamvu zokhazikika; ndipo kawirikawiri, kuthamanga ku phompho mofulumira momwe ndingathere.
Ndipo pakhala kale zotsatira zachindunji. Zokambirana za COP21 ku Paris zokhuza kusintha kwanyengo zidali ndi cholinga choti pakhale mgwirizano wotsimikizika, koma adayenera kuvomerezana pakamwa chifukwa a Republican Congress sakanavomera kuchita chilichonse. Msonkhano wotsatira wa COP22 Marrakech unali ndi cholinga chodzaza mipata. Inatsegulidwa pa November 7, 2016. Pa November 8, tsiku lachisankho, World Meteorological Organization inapereka lipoti lowopsya ndi lowopsya la momwe dziko likuwonongera chilengedwe. Pamene zotsatira za chisankho zidafika, msonkhanowu udatembenukira ku funso loti ngati ndondomeko yonse ingapitirire pomwe dziko lamphamvu kwambiri likuchoka m'malo mwake ndikufuna kusokoneza. Msonkhanowo unatha popanda vuto lililonseโndipo chiwonetsero chodabwitsa. Mtsogoleri wochirikiza chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo wabwino anali China! Ndipo wowononga wamkulu, wodzipatula, anali โmtsogoleri wa Free World.โ Munthu sangapezenso mawu oti azitha kujambula chiwonetserochi.
Sikovutanso kupeza mawu oti tigwire chowonadi chodabwitsa kwambiri kuti m'mbiri yonse yayikulu yachisankho chapadera, palibe chilichonse mwa izi chomwe chimangotchulidwa chabe. Osachepera ndimasowa kupeza mawu oyenera.
Tikuyang'ana, maso atseguka, ku dziko limene adzukulu athu sangathe n'komwe kukhala ndi moyo. Tikupita ku tsoka lachilengedwe, osati kungolowera komweko, koma mkokomo kwa izo. Dziko la US likutsogola kufulumizitsa zoopsazi mokakamizidwa ndi bizinesi pazifukwa zazikulu zamabungwe. Ingoyang'anani mitu yankhani. Panali lipoti patsamba loyamba la New York Times, lipoti lowulula la kuyeza kwa madzi oundana a ku Arctic. Zapezeka kuti kusungunukaku kunali kopitilira zomwe zidanenedweratu ndi makompyuta apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo kusungunuka kwa ice cap ku Arctic kumakhudza kwambiri nyengo yonse.
Ndi njira yowonjezereka chifukwa pamene chipale chofewa chimasungunuka, mphamvu zochepa za dzuลตa zimawonekera, ndipo zambiri zimabwera mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapanga njira yowonjezereka, yopanda malire yomwe imachoka. Nkhaniyi inanenanso zimene maboma ndi mabungwe anachita. Zomwe amachita ndi chidwi. Tsopano titha kufulumizitsa ntchitoyi chifukwa madera atsopano ndi otseguka kuti akumbidwe ndikuchotsa mafuta otsalira, kotero kuti tikhoza kuipiraipira. Ndi zabwino kwambiri.
Ichi ndi chilango cha imfa kwa mbadwa zathu. Chabwino, tiyeni tifulumizitseโmamiliyoni a anthu ku Bangladesh adzathamangitsidwa mโnyumba zawo ndi kukwera kwa madzi a mโnyanja posachedwapa, ndi zotsatirapo kwa enafenso. Izi zikuwonetsa kusaganizira modabwitsa kwa adzukulu athu ndi ena onga iwo, kapenanso kulephera kodabwitsa kuwona zomwe zili patsogolo pathu.
Palinso chiwopsezo china chachikulu cha kupulumuka chomwe chalendewera pa moyo wa munthu kwa zaka zopitirira makumi asanu ndi awiriโndipo nkhondo ya nyukiliya. Ndipo izo zikuwonjezeka. Bertrand Russell ndi Albert Einstein, cha mโma 1955, anachonderera anthu padziko lonse lapansi kuti azindikire kuti ali ndi chosankha chimene chili chosapeลตeka: ayenera kusankhaโanthu onse ayenera kusankhaโkusiya nkhondo, kapena kudziletsa. wononga. Ndipo tayandikira kwambiri kudziwononga kangapo. Bulletin of Atomic Scientists ili ndi chimene imachitcha kuti โDoomsday Clock.โ Inayamba mu 1947, bomba la atomu litangogwiritsidwa ntchito. Wotchi imayesa mtunda umene tachokera pakati pa usikuโpakati pausiku kumatanthauza kutha. Zaka ziลตiri zokha zapitazo wotchiyo inasunthidwa kwa mphindi ziลตiri kufupi ndi pakati pa usikuโkufikira mphindi zitatu kuti pakati pausiku. Chifukwa chake nโchakuti chiwopsezo cha nkhondo ya nyukiliya ndi chiwopsezo cha tsoka la chilengedwe chikuwonjezereka. Opanga ndondomeko akuwakulitsa, ndilo tsogolo lomwe sitikupanga koma tikufulumizitsa.
Ichi chakhala gawo la buku latsopanoli Chofunikira pa Maloto aku America: Mfundo 10 Zokhazikika pa Chuma & Mphamvu ndi Noam Chomsky ndipo adasinthidwa ndi Peter Hutchison, Kelly Nyks, ndi Jared P. Scott (Seven Stories Press, 2017).
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Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri, yolimbikitsa buku latsopano - "Requiem for the American Dream: The 10 Principles of Concentration of Wealth & Power" - lolemba Noam Chomsky. Ngakhale ndikuwunika kochititsa mantha, ndikuyitanitsa tonsefe kuti tipulumutse dziko lathu kunkhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yankhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso tsoka lachilengedwe lachilengedwe. Tatsala kale mphindi ziwiri ndi theka kuti pakati pausiku tisamale, ponena za wotchi ya tsiku lachiweruzo, motero kuchititsa kuti zikhale kofunika kwambiri kuthetsa zida za nyukiliya ndi zida zina zonse zowononga kwambiri. Ndipo kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe padziko lonse kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwa ifenso kuti tivutike pamodzi kuti tipulumutse chilengedwe chathu chapadziko lonse ndikuchisamalira. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kuyang'anizana ndi izi zomwe zilipo mwachangu palimodzi komanso payekhapayekha ndi kulimba mtima, kulimba mtima, kutsimikiza, kulanga, ndi kulenga.