Artificial Intelligence (AI) ikusesa padziko lonse lapansi. Ikusintha njira iliyonse yamoyo ndikudzutsa nkhawa zazikulu zamakhalidwe abwino kwa anthu komanso tsogolo la anthu. ChatGPT, yomwe ili ndi malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndi chatbot yoyendetsedwa ndi AI yopangidwa ndi OpenAI. Ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka kuphunzira pamakina ndipo amadalira zomwe zimatchedwa Large Language Models zomwe zimatha kupanga mayankho ngati anthu. Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotere ndikwambiri, ndichifukwa chake pali mafoni kale owongolera AI ngati ChatGPT.
Kodi AI ingapose anthu? Kodi zimawopseza anthu? Zowonadi, kodi AI ikhoza kukhala chiwopsezo chomwe chilipo? Katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zinenero padziko lonse Noam Chomsky, ndipo mmodzi wa anthu anzeru olemekezeka koposa mโnthaลตi zonse, amene msinkhu wake waluntha unayerekezeredwa ndi uja wa Galileo, Newton, ndi Descartes, akuyankha mafunso ovutitsa ameneลตa mโkufunsana kotsatiraku.
CJ Polychroniou: Monga chikhalidwe cha sayansi, nzeru zamakono (AI) zinayambira m'zaka za m'ma 1950, koma pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi zakhala zikulowa m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mabanki, inshuwalansi, kupanga magalimoto, nyimbo, ndi chitetezo. M'malo mwake, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za AI kwawonetsedwa nthawi zina kupitilira luso la anthu, monga pamasewera a chess. Kodi makina amatha kukhala anzeru kuposa anthu?
Noam Chomsky: Kungofotokozera mawu akuti "makina" apa akutanthauza pulogalamu, kwenikweni chiphunzitso cholembedwa m'mawu omwe angathe kuchitidwa ndi makompyuta-ndi mtundu wachilendo wa chiphunzitso m'njira zosangalatsa zomwe tingaziyike pambali apa.
Titha kusiyanitsa mozama pakati pa uinjiniya weniweni ndi sayansi. Palibe malire akuthwa, koma ndiwothandiza pakuyerekeza koyamba. Uinjiniya wabwino umayesetsa kupanga chinthu chomwe chingakhale chothandiza. Sayansi imafuna kumvetsetsa. Ngati mutuwo uli wanzeru zaumunthu, kapena luso lazidziwitso la zamoyo zina, sayansi imafuna kumvetsetsa kwachilengedwechi.
Monga ndikuwamvetsetsa, omwe adayambitsa AI-Alan Turing, Herbert Simon, Marvin Minsky, ndi ena - amawona kuti ndi sayansi, gawo la sayansi yazidziwitso yomwe ikubwera panthawiyo, pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano ndi zomwe atulukira mu chiphunzitso cha masamu. kumvetsetsa kwapatsogolo. Kwa zaka zambiri zodetsa nkhawazi zazimiririka ndipo zakhala zikusokonekera chifukwa cha uinjiniya. Zodetsa zam'mbuyomu tsopano sizimachotsedwa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina modzichepetsa, monga GOFAI-AI yachikalekale.
Kupitiliza ndi funso loti, kodi zikutheka kuti padzapangidwa mapulogalamu opitilira luso la anthu? Tiyenera kusamala za mawu oti "luso," pazifukwa zomwe ndibwerera. Koma ngati titenga mawuwa kunena za machitidwe aumunthu, ndiye yankho ndilo: ndithudi inde. M'malo mwake, akhalapo kale: chowerengera mu laputopu, mwachitsanzo. Ikhoza kupitirira kwambiri zimene anthu angachite, pokhapokha chifukwa chosowa nthawi ndi kukumbukira. Kwa machitidwe otsekedwa ngati chess, zinali zomveka bwino m'zaka za m'ma 50 kuti posachedwa, ndi kutsogola kwa luso la makompyuta ndi nthawi yayitali yokonzekera, pulogalamu ikhoza kupangidwa kuti igonjetse gogo wamkulu yemwe akusewera ndi kukumbukira. ndi nthawi. Zaka zopambana pambuyo pake zinali zabwino kwambiri za PR za IBM. Tizilombo tambiri tambiri timaposa luntha la munthu mozama kwambiri. Nyerere za m'chipululu kuseri kwanga zili ndi ubongo wocheperako, koma zimaposa luso la anthu oyenda, makamaka, osati kungochita. Palibe Unyolo Waukulu Wokhala ndi anthu pamwamba.
Zogulitsa zaukadaulo wa AI zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo ambiri, zabwino kapena zoyipa. Ngakhale zosavuta komanso zodziwika bwino zitha kukhala zothandiza kwambiri: m'dera lazilankhulo, mapulogalamu monga autofill, zolembedwa zamoyo, google translate, pakati pa ena. Ndi mphamvu zokulirapo zamakompyuta komanso mapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri, payenera kukhala ntchito zina zothandiza, mu sayansi. Pakhala palipo kale: Kuthandiza pa kafukufuku wa mapuloteni opindika ndi nkhani yaposachedwa pomwe ukadaulo wofufuzira wamkulu komanso wofulumira wathandizira asayansi kuthana ndi vuto lovuta komanso losamvera.
Ntchito zauinjiniya zitha kukhala zothandiza, kapena zovulaza. Mafunso onsewa amabuka pankhani ya engineering AI. Ntchito yomwe ilipo pano ndi Large Language Models (LLMs), kuphatikiza ma chatbots, imapereka zida zowonongera, kuipitsa mbiri, ndi kusokeretsa anthu osadziwa. Ziwopsezo zimakulitsidwa zikaphatikizidwa ndi zithunzi zopanga komanso kubwereza mawu. Pokhala ndi nkhawa zosiyanasiyana, ofufuza masauzande a AI posachedwapa wotchedwa pofuna kuyimitsa chitukuko chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe akuwona.
Monga nthawi zonse, phindu lothekera laukadaulo liyenera kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi zomwe zingawononge.
Mafunso osiyanasiyana amabuka tikatembenukira ku AI ndi sayansi. Kuno kuli kofunika kusamala chifukwa cha zonena zochulukira komanso zosasamala, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachulukitsidwa m'ma TV. Kuti timveketse bwino nkhanizo, tiyeni tikambirane za nkhani, zina zongopeka, zina zenizeni.
Ndinatchula za kuyenda kwa tizilombo, chomwe ndi kupambana kodabwitsa. Asayansi a tizilombo apita patsogolo kwambiri pophunzira momwe zimakwaniritsidwira, ngakhale kuti neurophysiology, nkhani yovuta kwambiri, imakhalabe yosamvetsetseka, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe. Nโchimodzimodzinso ndi mphamvu zodabwitsa za mbalame ndi akamba akunyanja amene amayenda makilomita zikwi zambiri ndi kubwerera kwawo mosalakwa.
Tiyerekeze kuti Tom Jones, wochirikiza uinjiniya wa AI, abwera nati: โNtchito yanu yonse yatsutsidwa. Vuto lathetsedwa. Oyendetsa ndege zamalonda amapeza zotsatira zofanana kapena zabwinoko nthawi zonse. โ
Ngakhale kuvutitsa kuyankha, timaseka.
Talingalirani za zochitika zapanyanja za anthu a ku Polynesia, omwe akadali ndi moyo pakati pa mafuko a Eni Eni, pogwiritsa ntchito nyenyezi, mphepo, mafunde kutsitsa mabwato awo pamalo osankhidwa amtunda wa makilomita mazanamazana. Uwunso wakhala mutu wa kafukufuku wambiri kuti adziwe momwe amachitira. Tom Jones ali ndi yankho: โLekani kuwononga nthaลตi yanu; zombo zapamadzi zimachita zimenezi nthawi zonse.โ
Yankho lomwelo.
Tiyeni tsopano titembenuzire ku nkhani yeniyeni, kupeza chinenero. Unali mutu wa kafukufuku wozama komanso wowunikira kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti makanda ali ndi chidziwitso chochuluka cha chilankhulo chozungulira (kapena zilankhulo), kupitilira zomwe amawonetsa pochita bwino. Zimatheka ndi umboni wochepa, ndipo nthawi zina zofunika kwambiri palibe. Chabwino, monga momwe kafukufuku wosamala wawonetsera, zomwe zilipo ndizochepa, makamaka ngati kusanja pafupipafupi (โlamulo la Zipfโ) kumaganiziridwa.
Lowani Tom Jones: "Mwatsutsidwa. Popanda kulabadira zomwe mwapeza, ma LLM omwe amasanthula kuchuluka kwa zakuthambo atha kupeza zowerengera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti athe kutengera zomwe amaphunzitsidwa, ndikupanga zomwe zimawoneka ngati zamunthu wamba. Ma Chatbots."
Nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana ndi ina. Choyamba, ndi chenicheni. Chachiwiri, anthu samaseka; kwenikweni, ambiri amadabwa. Chachitatu, mosiyana ndi zochitika zongopeka, zotsatira zenizeni zimakhala kutali ndi zomwe zimanenedwa.
Malingaliro awa amabweretsa vuto laling'ono ndi chidwi cha LLM chomwe chilipo: kupusa kwake konse, monga momwe zimakhalira m'malingaliro ongopeka pomwe timazindikira nthawi yomweyo. Koma pali mavuto aakulu kwambiri kuposa kupusa.
Chimodzi ndichoti machitidwe a LLM adapangidwa m'njira yoti sangathe kutiuza chilichonse chokhudza chilankhulo, kuphunzira, kapena zinthu zina za kuzindikira, zomwe zili zofunika, zosasinthika. Kuwirikiza kawiri ma terabytes a data scanned, yonjezerani magawo ena thililiyoni, gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu zambiri zaku California, ndipo kayesedwe kakhalidwe kadzayenda bwino, ndikuwulula momveka bwino kulephera kwa njira yoperekera kumvetsetsa kulikonse. Chifukwa chake ndi choyambirira: Machitidwewa amagwira ntchito bwino ndi zilankhulo zosatheka zomwe makanda sangaphunzire monga momwe amaphunzirira mwachangu komanso mopepuka.
Zili ngati kuti katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo akunena kuti: โNdili ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano cha zamoyo. Imatchula zambiri zomwe zilipo ndi zina zomwe sizingakhaleko, ndipo sindingakuuzeni chilichonse chokhudza kusiyanako.โ
Apanso, tinkaseka. Kapena ayenera.
Osati Tom Jones-tsopano akunena za milandu yeniyeni. Popitirizabe kusiya sayansi, Tom Jones akuyankha kuti: โKodi mumadziwa bwanji zimenezi mpaka mutafufuza zinenero zonse?โ Pakadali pano kusiyidwa kwa sayansi yodziwika bwino kumamveka bwino. Mwa kutsutsana molingana, titha kutaya chibadwa ndi mamolekyulu a biology, chiphunzitso cha chisinthiko, ndi sayansi ina yonse ya zamoyo, zomwe sizinatengepo gawo laling'ono la zamoyo. Ndipo pamlingo wabwino, titha kutaya fiziki yonse. Nโchifukwa chiyani mumakhulupirira malamulo oyendetsera zinthu? Ndi zinthu zingati zomwe zawonedwa kwenikweni zikuyenda?
Pali, kuonjezera apo, nkhani yaing'ono yolemetsa umboni. Amene akupereka chiphunzitsocho ali ndi udindo wosonyeza kuti ndi zomveka, pankhaniyi, kusonyeza kuti zimalephera zinenero zosatheka. Si udindo wa ena kutsutsa lingalirolo, ngakhale pamenepa zikuwoneka zosavuta kutero.
Tiyeni tisunthire chidwi ku sayansi wamba, pomwe zinthu zimakhala zosangalatsa. Ngakhale chitsanzo chimodzi cha kuphunzira chinenero chingathandize kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa zinenero zotheka ndi zosatheka.
Zifukwa zake ndi zolunjika, komanso zodziwika bwino. Kukula ndi chitukuko chonse, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimatchedwa "kuphunzira," ndi njira yomwe imayamba ndi chikhalidwe cha chamoyo ndikuchisintha pang'onopang'ono kupita kumagulu ena.
Kupeza chinenero ndi njira yotere. Chikhalidwe choyambirira ndi mphamvu yachilengedwe ya luso la chilankhulo, lomwe mwachiwonekere liripo, ngakhale litakhala, monga momwe ena amakhulupilira, kuphatikiza kwamphamvu zina. Izi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri pazifukwa zomwe zamveka kale, koma sizogwirizana ndi nkhawa zathu pano, ndiye titha kuziyika pambali. Mwachiwonekere pali mphamvu yachilengedwe ya luso la chilankhulo cha anthu. The merest truism.
Kusintha kumapita kumalo okhazikika, kusinthidwa mwachiphamaso kupitirira: chidziwitso cha chinenero. Deta yakunja imayambitsa ndikusintha pang'ono ndondomekoyi. Kuphunzira za dziko lomwe lapeza (chidziwitso cha chinenero) ndi deta yakunja, tikhoza kufika patali kwambiri ponena za chikhalidwe choyambirira, mphamvu yachilengedwe yomwe imapangitsa kuti chinenero chikhale chotheka. Malingaliro okhudza chikhalidwe choyambirira amasiyanitsa pakati pa zinenero zotheka ndi zosatheka. Kusiyanitsa kuli kwa onse omwe ali ndi gawo loyambirira - anthu onse, monga momwe amadziwira; zikuwoneka kuti palibe kusiyana kwa kuthekera kopeza chinenero pakati pa magulu a anthu omwe alipo.
Zonsezi ndi sayansi yachibadwa, ndipo yapeza zotsatira zambiri.
Kuyesera kwawonetsa kuti dziko lokhazikika limapezedwa mwachangu kwambiri, pofika zaka zitatu kapena zinayi. Ndizodziwikanso bwino kuti luso la zilankhulo lili ndi zinthu zofunikira kwa anthu, chifukwa chake ndi katundu weniweni wa zamoyo: zofala m'magulu a anthu komanso m'njira zofunika kwambiri umunthu wapadera wamunthu.
Zambiri zasiyidwa m'nkhaniyi, makamaka ntchito ya malamulo achilengedwe pakukula ndi chitukuko: pankhani ya kachitidwe kophatikizana monga chinenero, mfundo zogwirira ntchito bwino. Koma ichi ndiye maziko a nkhaniyi. Apanso, sayansi yachibadwa.
Ndikofunika kumveketsa bwino za kusiyana kwa Aristotle pakati pa kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso (mu mawu amakono, luso ndi machitidwe). Pachilankhulo, chikhalidwe chokhazikika chomwe chimapezeka ndi kukhala ndi chidziwitso, cholembedwa mu ubongo. Dongosolo la mkati limapanga mawu osanjikizana osawerengeka, aliwonse omwe tingawaone ngati akupanga ganizo, iliyonse yotheka kutulukira m'dongosolo lina la sensa, kaลตirikaลตiri imamveka ngakhale kuti ingakhale chizindikiro kapena ngakhale (movutikira) kukhudza.
Dongosolo lamkati lamkati limapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso (ntchito). Kuchita kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo m'malingaliro: kulingalira, kukonzekera, kukumbukira, ndi zina zambiri. Kunena mwachiwerengero ndiko kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo kochulukirapo. Ndizosafikika pakuzindikira, ngakhale titha kuphunzira zambiri za izi ndi njira zasayansi, kuchokera "kunja," kuyankhula mophiphiritsa. Zomwe zimatchedwa "malankhulidwe amkati" kwenikweni, ndi tiziduswa ta chilankhulo chakunja chokhala ndi zida zongolankhula. Ndi chithunzithunzi chakutali cha kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chilankhulo, zinthu zofunika zomwe sindingathe kuzitsata pano.
Mitundu ina yogwiritsira ntchito chinenero ndi kuzindikira (kujambula) ndi kupanga, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosamvetsetseka kwa ife masiku ano monga momwe Galileo ndi anthu a m'nthawi yake ankaziwona modabwitsa komanso modabwitsa kumayambiriro kwa sayansi yamakono.
Cholinga chachikulu cha sayansi ndikuzindikira dongosolo lamkati, ponse pawiri mu gawo lachiyankhulo cha anthu komanso m'mawonekedwe omwe amatengera pakugula. Kufikira momwe dongosolo lamkati ili likumveka, tikhoza kupitiriza kufufuza momwe limalowera muzochita, kuyanjana ndi zinthu zina zambiri zomwe zimalowa m'chinenero.
Deta ya magwiridwe antchito imapereka umboni wokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe chamkati, makamaka ikasinthidwa ndi kuyesa, monga momwe zimakhalira m'munda. Koma ngakhale kusonkhanitsa kwakukulu kwa deta kumasocheretsa m'njira zofunika kwambiri. Zimasunga zomwe zimapangidwira, osati chidziwitso cha chinenero cholembedwa mu ubongo, chinthu choyambirira chomwe chikufufuzidwa kwa iwo omwe akufuna kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha chinenero ndi ntchito yake. Chinthu chamkati chimenecho chimatsimikizira zotheka zambiri zamtundu womwe sizidzagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira yanthawi zonse chifukwa cha zinthu zosagwirizana ndi chilankhulo, monga zolepheretsa kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa, mitu yomwe idaphunziridwa zaka 60 zapitazo. Deta yowonedwa idzaphatikizanso zambiri zomwe zili kunja kwa dongosolo lolembedwa muubongo, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo m'njira zomwe zimaphwanya malamulo pazolinga zongolankhula. Izi ndi zowona zodziwika kwa onse ogwira ntchito m'munda, omwe amadalira njira zokopa anthu ndi odziwitsa, makamaka zoyesera, kuti apereke gulu loyeretsedwa lomwe limapatula zoletsa zosayenera ndi mawu opotoka. N'chimodzimodzinso pamene akatswiri a zinenero amadzigwiritsa ntchito ngati odziwitsa, njira yomveka bwino komanso yodziwika bwino, yofala m'mbiri ya psychology mpaka pano.
Kupitilirabe ndi sayansi yodziwika bwino, timapeza kuti njira zamkati ndi zinthu za chilankhulo sizingadziwike poyang'ana zochitika zomwe zimawonedwa. Nthawi zambiri zinthuzi sizimawonekera m'mawu (kapena kulemba), ngakhale zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri zobisika, zimatha kuzindikirika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chinanso chomwe kuletsa kuyang'ana zochitika, monga momwe LLM imayendera, kumalepheretsa kumvetsetsa zamkati zomwe ndizomwe zimafufuzidwa pamtundu wa chilankhulo, kupezeka kwake ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Koma izi sizothandiza ngati kudera nkhawa za sayansi ndi kumvetsetsa kwasiyidwa ndikuthandizira zolinga zina.
Nthawi zambiri mu sayansi, kwa zaka masauzande, ziganizo zakhala zikufika poyesera-nthawi zambiri zoyesera zoganiza-chilichonse chimachokera ku zochitika. Kuyesera kumayendetsedwa ndi malingaliro, kufunafuna kutaya zinthu zosawerengeka zosafunikira zomwe zimalowa mu zochitika zowonedwa-monga machitidwe a zinenero. Zonsezi ndi zoyambira kwambiri kotero kuti sizikambidwa nkomwe. Ndipo wodziwa. Monga taonera, kusiyana kwakukulu kumayambira pa kusiyana kwa Aristotle pakati pa kukhala ndi chidziwitso ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso. Choyamba ndi chinthu chapakati pa phunziro. Kafukufuku wachiwiri (komanso wozama kwambiri) amafufuza momwe chidziwitso chosungidwa mkati chimagwiritsidwira ntchito pochita, pamodzi ndi zinthu zambiri zopanda chinenero kusiyana ndi kulowa mu zomwe zimawonedwa mwachindunji.
Titha kukumbukiranso zimene katswiri wina wasayansi ya zamoyo zinachita kusanduka, Theodosius Dobzhansky, wotchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake ya Drosophila: Mtundu uliwonse ndi wapadera, ndipo anthu ndi apadera kwambiri kuposa onse. Ngati tikufuna kumvetsetsa kuti ndi zolengedwa zotani - kutsatira lamulo la Delphic Oracle zaka 2,500 zapitazo - tidzakhala okhudzidwa makamaka ndi zomwe zimapangitsa anthu kukhala apadera kwambiri kuposa onse, makamaka chinenero ndi malingaliro, ogwirizana kwambiri, monga momwe amazindikirira miyambo yolemera yobwerera ku Greece yakale ndi India. Zinthu zambiri zimakhala zachizoloลตezi, motero mpaka kufika podziwikiratu. Chimene chimapereka chidziลตitso chenicheni cha zomwe zimatipanga kukhala apadera ndi zomwe siziri zachizoloลตezi, zomwe timazipeza, nthawi zina mwa kuyesa, nthawi zina mwa kuyang'anitsitsa, kuchokera kwa ana abwinobwino mpaka akatswiri aluso ndi asayansi.
Ndemanga imodzi yomaliza pankhaniyi. Sosaite yasautsidwa kwazaka zana ndi kampeni yayikulu yamabizinesi kulimbikitsa kunyozedwa kwa sayansi, mitu yophunziridwa bwino ndi Naomi Oreskes pakati pa ena. Zinayamba ndi mabungwe omwe katundu wawo ndi wakupha: lead, fodya, asibesitosi, kenako mafuta oyaka. Zolinga zawo nโzomveka. Cholinga cha bizinesi mโchitaganya cha chikapitalist ndicho phindu, osati ubwino wa anthu. Izi ndi zowona: Osasewera ndipo mwatuluka, m'malo mwake ndi munthu amene angatero.
Madipatimenti a PR akampani adazindikira koyambirira kuti kungakhale kulakwitsa kukana umboni wasayansi womwe ukukulirakulira wokhudza kupha kwazinthu zawo. Zimenezo zingatsutsidwe mosavuta. Bwino kufesa kukayikira, kulimbikitsa kusatsimikizika, kunyozetsa masuti olunjika awa omwe sanapentepo nyumba koma amatsika kuchokera ku Washington kudzandiuza kuti ndisagwiritse ntchito utoto wotsogola, kuwononga bizinesi yanga (nkhani yeniyeni, yochulukitsa mosavuta). Zimenezo zathandiza kwambiri. Pakali pano akutitsogolera panjira yopita ku chiwonongeko cha moyo wolinganizidwa wa anthu padziko lapansi.
M'magulu aluntha, zotsatira zofananira zapangidwa ndi kutsutsa kwaposachedwa kwa sayansi, nkhawa Wolemba Jean Bricmont ndi Alan Sokal, koma akadali amoyo m'magulu ena.
Zingakhale zopanda chifundo kunena funsoli, koma ndikuganiza kuti, ndibwino kufunsa ngati a Tom Jones ndi omwe amabwereza mosasamala komanso kukulitsa kulengeza kwawo mosasamala akuthandizira kutengera zomwezo.
CJP: ChatGPT ndi chatbot yoyendetsedwa ndi chilankhulo chachilengedwe yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito luntha lochita kupanga kuti ilole kukambirana ngati anthu. M'nkhani yaposachedwa mu The New York Times, molumikizana ndi olemba ena awiri, mumatseka ma chatbots atsopano ngati nthabwala chifukwa sangafanane ndi luso la chilankhulo cha anthu. Kodi sizotheka kuti zatsopano zamtsogolo mu AI zitha kupanga ma projekiti aumisiri omwe angafanane mwinanso kuposa luso la anthu?
NC: Ngongole ya nkhaniyi iyenera kuperekedwa kwa wolemba weniweni, Jeffrey Watumull, katswiri wa masamu-linguist-filosofi. Olemba nawo awiri omwe adalembedwawo anali alangizi, omwe amavomereza nkhaniyi koma sanalembe.
Ndizowona kuti ma chatbots sangafanane ndi chilankhulo cha anthu, pazifukwa zomwe zabwerezedwa pamwambapa. Mapangidwe awo oyambirira amawalepheretsa kufika pa chikhalidwe chochepa cha kukwanira kwa chiphunzitso cha chinenero cha anthu: kusiyanitsa zotheka ndi zinenero zosatheka. Popeza icho ndi katundu wamapangidwe, sichingagonjetsedwe ndi zatsopano zamtsogolo mumtundu wotere wa AI. Komabe, ndizotheka kuti mapulojekiti amtsogolo angafanane komanso kupitilira luso la anthu, ngati titanthawuza kuthekera kwamunthu kuchitapo kanthu, magwiridwe antchito. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ena akhala akuchita izi kwa nthawi yayitali: zowerengera zokha mwachitsanzo. Chochititsa chidwi kwambiri, monga tanenera, tizilombo tokhala ndi ubongo wochepa timaposa mphamvu zaumunthu zomwe zimamveka ngati luso.
CJP: M'nkhani yomwe tafotokozayi, zidawonedwanso kuti mapulojekiti amasiku ano a AI alibe luso laumunthu. Kodi mfundo yodziwikiratu imeneyi imapangitsa maloboti a AI kukhala owopsa kwa mtundu wa anthu? Ndikuganiza kuti mkanganowo ukhoza kukhala kuti umawapangitsa kukhala otero kwambiri.
NC: Ndichowonadi chodziwikiratu, kumvetsetsa โmakhalidwe abwinoโ mokulira. Pokhapokha atalamulidwa mosamala, uinjiniya wa AI ukhoza kuwopseza kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kuti chisamaliro cha odwala chinali chongochitika zokha. Zolakwa zosapeลตeka zimene zingagonjetsedwe ndi chiweruzo cha munthu zingabweretse nkhani yochititsa mantha. Kapena tiyerekeze kuti anthu adachotsedwa pakuwunika zoopsa zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza zodzitetezera. Monga mbiri yochititsa mantha amadziwitsa ife, amenewo akanakhala mathero a chitukuko cha anthu.
Pokhapokha atalamulidwa mosamala, uinjiniya wa AI ukhoza kuwopseza kwambiri.
CJP: Oyang'anira ndi mabungwe azamalamulo ku Europe akuwonetsa nkhawa zakufalikira kwa ChatGPT pomwe gawo lomwe laperekedwa posachedwa la malamulo a European Union likuyesera kuthana ndi AI poyika zida zotere malinga ndi momwe akuganizira kuti ali pachiwopsezo. Kodi mukuvomerezana ndi omwe ali ndi nkhawa kuti ChatGPT ikhoza kuwopseza anthu? Kuphatikiza apo, kodi mukuganiza kuti kupititsa patsogolo kwa zida za AI kumatha kuyimitsidwa mpaka zotetezedwa zikhazikitsidwe?
NC: Ndikhoza kumva chisoni ndi zoyesayesa zoyesa kuwongolera ziwopsezo zaukadaulo wapamwamba, kuphatikiza nkhaniyi. Komabe, ndikukayikira kuti ndingathe kutero. Ndikukayikira kuti jiniyo yatuluka m'botolo. Ochita zankhanza-abungwe kapena payekha-atha kupeza njira zopewera chitetezo. Kukayikira koteroko sikuli chifukwa choyesera, ndikukhala tcheru.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama