Chilimwe china chili pa ife ndi malata zikuwotcha m'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, zikuphwanya mbiri ya kutentha kwa zikwi zambiri. Ngakhale dziko kutentha pamwamba pa nyanja yachoka pama chart, ikufika pamlingo womwe sunachitikepo, pomwe madzi oundana a m'nyanja ya Antarctic wakhazikitsa mbiri yotsika kwa chaka chachiwiri motsatizana.
Zoonadi, dziko lapansi likufuula chifukwa " kusintha kwanyengo sikungatheke,” monga momwe Mlembi Wamkulu wa U.N. António Guterres ananenera posachedwapa. Komabe kuyankha kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi pachiwopsezo chachikulu kwambiri chomwe anthu akukumana nacho kukupitilirabe sikungokhala pang'onopang'ono mosavomerezeka koma kumalire ndi kusasamala.
Timadziwa zifukwa zake.
Mafuta amafuta amapereka pafupifupi 80% ya mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ndale zamasiku ano zimatsekeredwa pakanthawi kochepa, popanda umboni wochepa woti zitha kukonzedwa. Padziko lonse lapansi, andale akupitilizabe kusagwirizana kwakukulu pazofuna zanthawi yochepa m'dzina la chitetezo champhamvu. China ndi U.S. ndi omwe amawononga mpweya wambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe Purezidenti Joe Biden wasayina ntchito zingapo zazikuluzikulu zamafuta oyambira pansi, ndipo China ikumanga mbewu za malasha zatsopano kuposa dziko lonse lapansi. Izi zili choncho ngakhale maiko onsewa akutsata mfundo zaukali zosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi—ndipo akupikisana pa izi.
Powonjezera chipongwe, maboma akupitiriza kupereka ndalama zothandizira mafuta opangira mafuta. Mu 2022, ndalama zothandizira mafuta padziko lonse lapansi zidakwera kuposa $ 1 thililiyoni, malinga ndi a International Energy Agency. Ndipo mabanki akuluakulu padziko lapansi apereka $ 5.5 zankhaninkhani, muzandalama kumakampani opanga mafuta opangira mafuta pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi.
Ponena za misonkhano yapadziko lonse ya nyengo, yakhala yosathandiza chabe komanso nthabwala zankhanza. Amagwira ntchito popanda "ndondomeko yokakamiza," ndipo mawu opanda pake ndi malonjezo ndi chizindikiro chawo. Greta Thunberg analidi pomwepo pomwe amadzudzula atsogoleri adziko lonse lapansi Youth4Climate chochitika ku Milan chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi vuto lanyengo, akumanyalanyaza zonena zawo kuti "blah, blah, blah."
Komanso, deta yasonyeza izo olimbikitsa mafuta opangira mafuta kupezeka pa zokambirana pamisonkhano ya nyengo kuposa pafupifupi nthumwi zonse za dziko. Pamsonkhano wa COP500 wa ku Glasgow, Scotland, panali anthu oposa 26 olimbikitsa mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta opangira zinthu zakale, komanso oposa 600 pamsonkhano wa COP27 ku Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt. Ponena za COP28, yomwe ichitike chaka chino kuyambira pa Novembara 30 mpaka Disembala 12, omwe adzakhale nawo ndi United Arab Emirates, imodzi mwamayiko opangira mafuta ndi gasi padziko lonse lapansi, motsogozedwa ndi Sultan al-Jaber, wamkulu wa Abu. Dhabi National Company. Pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa zanyengowu, Makampani opanga mafuta opangira mafuta akuyembekezeka kukhala ndi mawu okulirapo. Ndipo cholinga chawo chachikulu ndikulimbikitsa matekinoloje ogwidwa ndi kaboni. Matekinoloje awa sanawonetsebe mphamvu zawo pamlingo waukulu, pomwe amaperekanso zovuta zawo zowopsa.
Zonsezi ndi zomveka bwino. Ndi capitalism pa ntchito.
Koma tiyeneranso kudzifunsa funso lowonjezera: Chifukwa chiyani anthu salimbikitsidwa mokwanira kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo? Osati kokha, koma maphwando a anthu omwe ali kutali ndi kumanja ndi kumanja, omwe amadana ndi nyengo ndi mphamvu ya carbon-low, akukula ndi kutchuka. Kuwonjezeka kwa kayendetsedwe ka kumanja kumamveka osati ku Ulaya ndi ku United States kokha, komanso ku Eurasia ndi South Asia, pamene nsanja za mapiko amanja zimakhalabe zotchuka ku Latin America ngakhale kuti derali lasunthira kumanzere. zaka makumi awiri zapitazi.
Zifukwa za chitukuko chomvetsa chisoni komanso chosokoneza ichi ndizovuta kwambiri. Demagogue ndi adani oipitsitsa a anthu ogwira ntchito, komabe anthu ogwira ntchito ndi osauka ndi omwe amawapeza mosavuta. M'nthawi yathu ino, ndondomeko za neoliberal (kuchepetsa chuma, kubisa, kupondereza malipiro, ndi kusuntha maganizo a boma kutali kwambiri ndi kugawanso ndi ndondomeko yokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu) zinabweretsa zotsatira zovulaza kwambiri, kuphatikizapo umphawi, ulova wa anthu ambiri, kusalingana kwa ndalama, kuchepa kwa ntchito zabwino ndi ufulu wa anthu ogwira ntchito, kusamalidwa ndi anthu, ndi kuchepa kwa moyo wonse.
Ku Europe, komwe kuli mayiko ambiri olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, mu 2022, nzika zopitilira 95 miliyoni za European Union, zomwe zikuyimira pafupifupi 22% ya anthu, anali. pachiwopsezo cha umphawi komanso kusapezeka kwa anthu.
Ku US, ogwira ntchito opitilira 51 miliyoni pakali pano akupanga ndalama zosakwana $15 pa ola limodzi - pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu ogwira ntchito - malinga ndi zomwe adalemba. OxfamNdipo umphawi wa boma ndi anthu pafupifupi 38 miliyoni amaonedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri kukhala ozikidwa pa muyeso wolakwika kwambiri wa umphawi ku United States. Mwachitsanzo, a Chitsanzo cha malipiro a MIT amagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wa moyo womwe umaposa umphawi wa federal.
Pakatikati pa masomphenya a neoliberal ndi dongosolo la chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi dziko lonse lapansi lozikidwa pa kuika patsogolo mphamvu zamakampani ndi misika yaulere komanso kusiya ntchito za boma. Zonena za neoliberal ndikuti chuma chidzagwira ntchito bwino, kutulutsa chuma chochulukirapo komanso chitukuko chachuma kwa onse, ngati misika ingaloledwe kugwira ntchito popanda kulowererapo kwa boma. Izi zimachokera ku lingaliro lakuti misika yaulere ndi yolungama ndipo ikhoza kupanga njira zotsika mtengo zopangira katundu ndi ntchito za ogula. Kuonjezera apo, wochitapo kanthu kapena chuma choyendetsedwa ndi boma chimawonedwa ngati chowononga komanso chosagwira ntchito bwino, chomwe chimalepheretsa kukula ndi kufalikira poletsa luso komanso mzimu wabizinesi.
Komabe, zowona zimanena mosiyana. Munthawi yomwe imadziwika kuti "kapitalism yoyendetsedwa ndi boma" (pafupifupi kuyambira 1945-73, komanso imadziwikanso kuti nthawi yakale ya Keynesian), maiko aku Western capitalist anali kukula mwachangu kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'zaka za zana la 20th ndipo chuma chinali kufika kwa omwe analipo. pansi pa piramidi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu bwino kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Kulumikizana kunalinso kwakukulu kwambiri panthawiyi kuposa momwe zakhalira zaka 45 zapitazi za ndondomeko za neoliberal. Kuphatikiza apo, pansi pa dongosolo lazachuma la neoliberal, maiko aku Western capitalist sanangolephera kufanana ndi zomwe zikuchitika, kakulidwe, ndi zotsatira za kagawidwe zomwe zimachitika pansi pa "kapitalism yoyendetsedwa," koma chiphunzitso cha "msika waulere" chatulutsa mndandanda wazachuma wosatha. mavuto, kusokonekera kwa chuma chenicheni, kukwezera kusalingana mpaka kutchuka kwa mbiri yakale, ndi kuwononga makhalidwe abwino a anthu ndi makhalidwe abwino a demokalase. M'malo mwake, neoliberalism yasanduka dystopia yatsopano ya dziko lamakono.
Kumanzere kwamasiku ano kwalephera mpaka pano kutsimikizira anthu ogwira ntchito kuti ili ndi ndale yomwe ingathe kuthana ndi mavuto awo komanso kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo.
Pansi pa dongosolo la neoliberal social-economic system ndi zotsatira zake, zomwe zimabweretsa mantha, kusatetezeka, ndi mkwiyo, sikovuta kuwona chifukwa chake anthu ogwira ntchito amatha kugwa pansi pamalingaliro a demagogues a mapiko amanja omwe amadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito magawano pakati pa anthu ndikuchita nawo. chinyengo ndi chinyengo ndi mbiri ya ndale yozikidwa pa kudana kwa anthu akunja ndi malamulo ndi dongosolo. Sikovutanso kuona chifukwa chake nkhawa zakusokonekera kwa nyengo sizikhala zofunika kwambiri kwa iwo pamene akuvutika kupeza zofunika pamoyo. Kuika chakudya patebulo, kulipira lendi, ndi kuopa kuchotsedwa ntchito ndizo zimene zingachititse anthu ambiri kukhala maso usiku—osati kugwa kwa nyengo, ngakhale pamene azindikira kuti ndicho chiwopsezo chachikulu. Zowonadi, kusintha kwanyengo, pakati pa ovota aku US, kumakhalabe "chofunikira kwambiri kuposa nkhani monga kulimbikitsa chuma komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo," malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa. Pewani Research Center kafukufuku. Ndipo gulu la "Yellow Vest" la ku France limalankhula mozama za ngozi za ndale za misonkho yobiriwira, mogwirizana ndi kuchepetsa msonkho kwa olemera, pamene moyo ukuyenda molakwika.
Apa ndipamene zochita zamagulu ndi ndale ziyenera kubwera, chifukwa ndi chiyembekezo chokha chomwe tili nacho cha tsogolo lokhazikika. Koma kumanzere kwamasiku ano kwalephera mpaka pano kutsimikizira anthu ogwira ntchito kuti ali ndi ndondomeko yandale yomwe ingathe kuthana ndi mavuto awo komanso kuthana ndi vuto la nyengo. Masiku ano kumanzere, makamaka ku Ulaya, ali ndi ndondomeko ya zachuma yomwe imapereka milomo pakusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndipo ilibe ndondomeko yeniyeni yothetsera vuto la nyengo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachitukuko. M'mayiko onse otukuka kwambiri, mapulani anyengo omwe alipo akukhalabe osakwanira ndipo amapitilira ndi mapulani adziko lonse owonjezera chitetezo champhamvu podalira ntchito zatsopano zamafuta, gasi, ndi petrochemical.
Musalakwitse. "Mapulojekiti amafuta ndi gasi abwereranso kwambiri," monga momwe posachedwapa New York Times nkhani inayika izo. Ndipo zionetsero za nyengo zokha sizingathetse kutentha kwa dziko. Zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pamalingaliro a anthu, ngakhale "zionetsero zowopsa" zimathanso kuyambitsa, malinga ndi maphunziro ena.
Komanso, malingaliro ena oipa, monga a kunyonyotsoka, ayamba kukhazikika, kusokoneza maganizo kutali ndi njira zenizeni zothetsera vuto la nyengo ndi zoipa za neoliberalism.
Chomwe chikufunika mwachangu ndikumanga mphamvu zotsogola zanthawi yayitali mozungulira masomphenya a ndale zamapiko akumanzere omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi kufunikira kothana ndi vuto la nyengo pofulumizitsa kwambiri kusintha kwamafuta oyambira pomwe nthawi yomweyo kukakamiza kusintha kwadongosolo. za chuma chamakono. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, nsanja ya ndale yomwe imavomereza ndondomeko yokhazikika yokhazikika ya nyengo yomwe imatsimikizira kusintha koyenera, kumapanga ntchito zambiri zatsopano, kuchepetsa kusagwirizana, ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kosatha. Inde, izi ndi zomwe Ntchito Yatsopano Yatsopano (GND) ikuyenera kukhala yonse, kupatula kuti pali mitundu ingapo ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya GND, kuphatikizapo yomwe inatengedwa ndi European Union. Koma zilakolako zobiriwira zaku Europe (zimazitcha "European Green Deal" ndipo cholinga chake ndi chakuti EU ikwaniritse kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha kwa zero pofika chaka cha 2050) zimatsutsana ndi kufunitsitsa kwa mayiko aku Europe kupeza mafuta atsopano. Kuphatikiza apo, ndipo izi ndizofanana ndi mapulani osakonzedwa bwino a GND, nyumba yamalamulo yaku Europe idavota kuti ithandizire EU. malamulo otchula gasi ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya ngati ndalama zobiriwira.
Ngakhale zili choncho, kayendetsedwe ka Green New Deal ikukula ndipo ikuthandizira mbali zingapo. Maiko angapo ndi mizinda yopitilira 100 ku United States adzipereka ku 100% mphamvu zoyera. Lamulo lochepetsa kuchepa kwa mitengo ya zinthu silingayenerere kukhala GND, komabe likadali lamulo la mbiri yakale, makamaka potengera momwe dziko lilili pandale.
Komabe, wina anganene kuti zomwe timafunikira kuti tipulumutse dziko lapansi ndi GND yokwanira, yopangidwa ngati pulogalamu yapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma tili ndi ndondomeko yotereyi m'malo mwake, mwachilolezo cha American Economist Robert Pollin, ndi kuvomerezedwa kotheratu ndi anzeru apamwamba kwambiri padziko lapansi amoyo, ndiwo Noam Chomsky.
Zonse zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe ndizopweteka kwambiri kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo zidzalimbikitsanso chithandizo chowonjezera kumanja.
Kuchepa si yankho. Monga Robert Pollin adatsutsa mwamphamvu komanso mokopa, kuchepetsa kukula kwachuma sikungakhudze ntchito yomwe ikuchitika, yomwe ndi "Kupereka chuma padziko lonse lapansi chotulutsa zero." Zowonjezereka, ngati timadalira kuchepetsa ndalama zapakhomo (GDP) kuti tichepetse mpweya, ndiye kuti tikhoza kuchepetsa mpweya ndi chiwerengero chomwecho chomwe timachepetsa kukula. Mwachitsanzo, ngati GDP ichepa ndi 10% - kuchepa kwakukulu kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi - idzapambana kuchepetsa mpweya ndi 10 peresenti yokha. Timafunikira mpweya mpaka ziro.
Ndiponso, lingaliro la kuchepa kwa chuma m’malo mokula, kunena za ndale ndi lingaliro lodzigonjetsera. Zonse zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe ndizopweteka kwambiri kwa anthu ogwira ntchito ndipo zidzalimbikitsanso chithandizo chowonjezera kumanja.
Zoonadi, olimbikitsa kutsika amatsutsa kuti iyi ndi pulojekiti yomwe ikuyang'aniridwa ku Global North, osati njira ya Global South. Komabe, kodi tiyenera kuganiza pazifukwa zonena kuti maiko otukuka alibe tsankho ndipo mwanjira ina athawa zovuta zazachuma zomwe zimatsagana ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo zankhanza za neoliberal? Kodi tiyenera kukhulupirira kuti palibe chifukwa chowongolera mikhalidwe ya moyo, kuchepetsa umphawi, ndi kuonjezera mwayi wa ntchito kwa anthu akumadzulo? Mwina malingaliro otere ndi omwe akuchititsa kuchepa kwachuma, ndichifukwa chake olimbikitsa ake amakana lingaliro lakukonzekera zachuma komanso kuwonjezera GND. M'lingaliro ili, ndikuganiza kuti ndizomveka kunena kuti kuchepa kukugwira ntchito muutumiki wa neoliberalism pamene palibe chilichonse choletsa kutentha kwa dziko. Socialists odzipereka sayenera kukhala ndi chochita ndi malingaliro a mfundo za degrowth.
Kulingalira malingaliro ozama opulumutsa dziko lapansi ndi anthu ku zotsatira za kutentha kwa dziko kuyenera kulandiridwa chifukwa angapereke mwayi wopanga njira zandale ndi zachikhalidwe. Koma kuchepa kwachuma sikuli njira yowonjezereka komanso sikuchokera pachuma chabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi lingaliro lowopsa la ndale chifukwa lingapweteke kwambiri anthu ogwira ntchito ndikuwapereka molunjika kumanja akumanja.
Pazolinga ndi zolinga zonse, ndale zamphamvu m'nthawi ya kusokonekera kwa nyengo zimadutsa mu (padziko lonse) Green New Deal-osati kudzera m'mawu ochepetsa kukula, omwe akuwonekera kwathunthu m'magazini yapano ya Ndemanga ya Mwezi uliwonse. Zili kwa socialist kumanzere kuti ailandire ndikuwona kuti masomphenya ake asanduka zenizeni.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama