Gawo latsopano lowopsa pankhondo ya Israeli-Palestine likuchitika. Pambuyo pa kuukira koopsa kwa Hamas pa October 7 m'dera la Israeli, boma la Netanyahu linalumbira kuti liwononga gulu la zigawenga ndipo linalamula kuti "azingidwe kwathunthu" ku Gaza. Anthu opitilira 9,000 aku Palestine aphedwa kale ndipo chiwopsezo cha imfa chidzakwera kwambiri popeza asitikali aku Israeli tsopano azungulira mzinda wa Gaza. Kodi timafotokozera bwanji za chiwonongeko cha Hamas pa October 7? Kodi a kumanzere akanatani ataukira gulu la Hamas? Kodi dongosolo la Israeli pa Gaza ndi chiyani? Kodi Israeli ali ndi mlandu pankhondo? Kodi ntchito yamagulu amtendere ndi magulu omenyera ufulu mkati mwa Israeli ndi chiyani? Katswiri wa ndale/katswiri wazachuma pazandale, wolemba, komanso mtolankhani CJ Polychroniou akuyankha mafunsowa pokambirana ndi mtolankhani waku French-Greek Alexadra Boutri.
Alexandra Boutri: Patha masiku 27 kapena kupitilirapo kuchokera pamene Hamas idayambitsa kupha anthu ku Israel, kupha anthu opitilira 1400 ndikugwira ogwidwa oposa 200. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Israeli yakhala ikugwedeza Gaza ndi ndege ndi zida zankhondo monga kubwezera mwadzidzidzi kwa Hamas ndi asilikali apansi a Israeli alowanso mkati mwa dera lozingidwa, ngakhale popanda cholinga chodziwika bwino kupatula kuwononga Hamas. Pakadali pano anthu opitilira 9,000 aku Palestine aphedwa, ambiri mwa iwo ndi azimayi ndi ana, ndipo zida za Gaza zawonongeka kotheratu. Koma ndiloleni ndiyambe ndikukufunsani zomwe mumapanga pachitetezo china chamanzere cha Hamas.
CJ Polychroniou: Choyamba, ndiloleni ndinene kuti, kwa ine, zakhala zovuta kwambiri pakapita nthawi kuti ndipitirize kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti Left pofuna kufotokoza maganizo ena a ndale. Ndale zachidziwitso zagawanitsa Kumanzere, magawo osiyanasiyana otchedwa radical Left apanga vuto losalolera, ndipo chilengedwe chonse chasintha. Mwanjira iyi, ndikusowa wachikominisi wakale / anarchist yemwe adatsalira. Atanena zimenezi, kunali kuonerera “otsalira” akuwoneka akukondwerera nkhanza za Hamas, kapena kupeza zifukwa zochitira kupha anthu wamba osalakwa, kuphatikizapo ana, akazi, ndi okalamba. Ndi chinthu chimodzi kunena kuti tiyenera kumvetsa nkhani ya mkangano, ndi chinthu chinanso kuthokoza kupha anthu wamba osalakwa. M'dziko lamasiku ano, mwina kuposa kale, timafunikira munthu yemwe ali kumanzere ndi kumanzere komwe kuli socialist ndi universalist. Tikudziwa kuti ulamuliro wa Israeli ndi wankhanza kwa anthu aku Palestine komanso kuti kulanda dziko la Palestina ndi kosaloledwa. Koma Hamas akuimira chiyani? Zowonadi, sizimayendetsedwa ndi kutengeka kwachipembedzo monga ISIS, yomwe ikufuna kukhazikitsa mtundu wina wa caliphate padziko lonse lapansi, koma bungwe limakhalabe lodzipereka ku lingaliro la "kumasulidwa kwathunthu ndi kotheratu kwa Palestina, kuchokera kumtsinje kupita kunyanja" jihad. Munthawi imeneyi, Israeli ali ndi ufulu wodzitchinjiriza koma osachita tsankho kwambiri zomwe zimapha anthu osalakwa. Sindikudziwa momwe thandizo la Palestine lingatanthauzire kuti lithandizire Hamas.
Alexandra Boutri: Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti Hamas adatha kudutsa malire a Israeli pa October 7 ndi mphepo yamkuntho m'midzi ya Israeli? Kodi anzeru aku Israeli angaphonye bwanji zokonzekera za Hamas pakuwukira?
CJ Polychroniou: Sindingathe kuyankha funso lokhudza tsoka lanzeru la Israeli. Zachidziwikire, kuukira komweko kunali kodabwitsa malinga ndi kulimba mtima komanso kukula kwake, koma mwina zinali zodziwikiratu, monga kazembe wakale wa Israeli ku France Elie Barnavi adatsutsa mu Op-Ed yaposachedwa. Le Monde. Israeli idathandizira kupanga Hamas kenako idakhulupirira kuti inali nawo ndi zolimbikitsa zachuma, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulola Qatar kuti ipereke ndalama zothandizira ku Gaza. Monga mkulu wankhondo waku Israeli adanenera zaka zingapo zapitazo, njira ya Netanyahu inali yoletsa njira yamayiko awiri kuti isapitirire patsogolo kotero adatembenuka. Hamas kukhala mnzake wobisika. Mulimonsemo, munthu angayembekezere kuti tsiku lidzafika pamene Israeli adzaimba Netanyahu chifukwa cha kuphwanya malire omwe anapha 1,400 komanso kuti adzafufuzidwa pa milandu ya nkhondo ndi International Criminal Court. Kuukira kwa Israeli pa msasa wa othawa kwawo ku Jabalia kungakhale milandu yankhondo, malinga ndi akuluakulu a bungwe la United Nations loona za ufulu wachibadwidwe. Ndipo n’zosakayikitsa kuti choipitsitsacho chingakhale m’tsogolo.
Alexandra Boutri: Kodi mukuganiza kuti Israeli akufuna kuchita chiyani atawononga Hamas ndikusiya ambiri a Gaza kukhala mabwinja?
CJ Polychroniou: Monga momwe akatswiri ambiri anenera kale, ndipo izi ndizokhudzidwanso ndi Washington ndi akuluakulu akuluakulu ku Ulaya konse, boma la Netanyahu silinawonekere kukhala ndi ndondomeko ya zomwe zidzachitike pamene adalengeza nkhondo ku Hamas ndikuyamba kuphulika kwa Gaza. Mzere, koma mwina chiyembekezo chinali chakuti Israeli atha kuchita bwino kusamutsa ma Palestine a Gaza kupita ku Sinai Peninsula ya Egypt. Zingakhalenso choncho, tsopano asilikali apansi a Israeli ali mkati mwa Gaza, kuti akufuna kukakamiza anthu onse a Palestina ku Gaza kuti apite kum'mwera kwa dera lozingidwa. Koma sindikuganiza kuti Israeli ali ndi chidwi cholamulira Gaza.
Kuukira kwa Gaza kumayendetsedwa ndi ukali. Koma ndikukhulupiriranso kuti Netanyahu ali wofunitsitsa kuthetsa mkwiyo wa anthu pa iye ndipo akuyembekeza kuti atha kutero ndi nkhondo yolimbana ndi Hamas, yomwe adayitcha "nkhondo yachitukuko motsutsana ndi akunja.” Ndipo pochita zimenezi, sasamala kuti ndi “nyama za ku Palestine” zingati zimene zaphedwa. Mwachiwonekere, izi ndi zomwe atsogoleri a mayiko otukuka amachita, malinga ndi Benjamin Netanyahu! Komanso samasamala za ogwidwa. Tsoka ilo, komabe, atha kukhala ndi nzika zambiri za Israeli kumbali yake. Boma la Netanyahu ndiloposa, koma "Nzika zachiyuda za Israeli zasuntha kwambiri pazaka zambiri.” Ndipo zikuoneka kuti masiku ano mawu odana ndi anthu a ku Palestine asanduka maseŵera amtundu wa Aisiraeli ambiri.
Izi ndi zomvetsa chisoni. Israeli anali ndi zizindikiro za demokalase yotukuka pazaka makumi angapo zakukhazikitsidwa kwa dzikolo koma tsopano yakhala "boma lachisankho lotseguka.” Ndithudi, kumlingo wakutiwakuti, pali chizoloŵezi chaulamuliro padziko lonse lapansi. Ndondomeko zolimba kumanja zikukula ku Europe, Asia, ndi Latin America pomwe Trumpism ili ndi moyo ku United States. Ma demokalase alidi akuchepa, monga zawululira Dziko Lonse la Demokalase 2023 lipoti la International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance.
Alexandra Boutri: Kodi mukuganiza kuti pali chiyembekezo chilichonse chothetsa maboma awiri?
CJ Polychroniou: N'zovuta kulingalira pansi pa zomwe zikuchitika panopa kuti njira yothetsera mayiko awiri ndi yotheka. Ndipo musapusitsidwe ndikuti a Biden wangonena kuti akufuna kuwona njira ziwiri zothetsera mkangano wa Israeli ndi Palestina. Choyamba, mtendere uyenera kukhalapo. Ndipo boma la Israeli lamakono silingaganizire mtendere. Kupatula apo, Netanyahu adauzanso Arabu mkati mwa Israeli, omwe ndi nzika za Israeli, kuti Israeli si dziko la nzika zake zonse. Tsopano, Israel ndi Palestine monga mayiko awiri odziyimira pawokha, okhala pamodzi, amatanthauza kufikira mgwirizano wokhudza malire, Yerusalemu, komanso pa nkhani yobwerera ku Palestina omwe anali ku ukapolo. Muli ndi kusamvana kwakukulu pakati pa Israeli ndi anthu aku Palestine, ndipo zikachitika zinthu ngati izi, gulu lamphamvu nthawi zonse limayesa kukakamiza chipani chofooka. Ngati zili choncho, zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pansi kwa nthawi yayitali tsopano ndikukankhira ku “Israeli Wamkulu”. Izi ndizowona, ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi Hamas kapena mtundu uliwonse wa kukana kwa Palestine. Zachidziwikire, zitha kuthandiza ngati mabungwe ngati Hamas atasiya lingaliro la kuthetsedwa kwathunthu kwa Israeli. Zimasokoneza maganizo kuti munthu ayenera kufotokoza mfundo yodziwika bwino, yomwe ndi yakuti Israeli ndi yeniyeni ndipo anavomerezedwa kukhala membala wa United Nations patatha chaka chimodzi chitatha ufulu wake. Koma anthu aku Palestine akuyeneranso kukhala ndi boma. Zachidziwikire, United States, ngati isankha kutero, ikhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi waukulu womwe uli nawo pa Israeli kukakamiza boma lililonse la Israeli kuti livomereze. Kodi n'zotheka kuti zimenezi zichitike? Ndikukaikira kwambiri. Osati chifukwa United States imathandizira Israeli chifukwa ndi dziko lachiyuda koma chifukwa imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ku ufumuwo. Mulimonsemo, ndondomeko iliyonse yothandiza pa Israeli-Palestine kutsogolo iyenera kuphatikizapo kutenga nawo mbali kwa anthu a Israeli. M'lingaliro limeneli, zomwe zimachitika mkati mwa Israeli ndizofunikira kwambiri pa tsogolo la ubale wa Israeli ndi Palestina.
Alexandra Boutri: Omenyera mtendere ku Israeli akuyenera kukumana ndi zovuta masiku ano. Sizikanakhala zotetezeka kwa iwo kuchita zionetsero zotsutsa nkhondo. Koma kwenikweni, ntchito yawo ndi yotani?
CJ Polychroniou: Pali mabungwe ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana amtendere ku Israeli komanso anthu ambiri omwe amakana kugwira ntchito ku Israeli Defense Forces (IDF). Magulu amtendere aku Israeli ndi mabungwe omenyera ufulu ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Muli ndi "Ntchito Yoyang'ana M'maso" (Mistaclim LaKibush Ba'Aynayim), gulu la akazi ndi amuna olimba mtima aku Israeli omwe ntchito yawo ndikuwonetsa kulamuliridwa ndi asitikali aku Palestine komanso kulanda madera omwe adalandidwa. Zochita zawo zimayang'ana kuteteza anthu aku Palestine m'madera omwe adalandidwa ndikuwathandiza. Mwachitsanzo, omenyera ufulu wawo amayesa kuteteza abusa a ku Palestine kuti asavutitsidwe ndi “achitsamunda achiwawa kwambiri.” Mistaclim idakhazikitsidwa mu 2021 ndipo omenyera ufulu wawo amayesetsa kuti aletse kusamutsidwa ku West Bank, koma akuchulukirachulukira ndi magulu ankhondo okhazikika. Masiku ano, akulankhulanso zopempha kuti athetse nkhondo, koma ng’oma zankhondo zikuchititsa kuti mamvekedwe ena onse amveke.
Pali ndithudi Gush Shalom, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi malemu Uri Avnery ndi ena mu 1993. Omenyera ufulu wa Gush Shalom akhala akutumiza machenjezo kwa nthawi yaitali kuti kupitiriza kwa chikhalidwe cha Palestine sikumveka bwino komanso kuti pamapeto pake zidzabweretsa mavuto. . Iwo akhala akuyesera kudziwitsa anthu a Israeli kuti Palestina sadzavomera kukhala pansi pa ntchito ndi kuponderezedwa kwamuyaya komanso kuti kuthekera kwa kuwukira kwina kwa Palestine ndikotheka. Iwo akupitirizabe kuchita zimenezi masiku ano, ngakhale atakhala patokha.
Ndiyeno pali Standing Together, gulu lachiyuda ndi la Palestina logwira ntchito limodzi kumanga “nyumba ya onse amene amakana chidani ndi kusankha chifundo.” Gululi, lomwe lidayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2015, likuyendetsedwa ndi masomphenya opangira anthu omwe amasangalala ndi mtendere ndi chilungamo komanso kumene Israeli ndi Palestine amasangalala ndi chitetezo chenicheni komanso moyo wabwino.
Alon-Lee Green, mmodzi wa awiri a National Co-Directors of Standing Together, adanena posachedwapa kuti ndizoopsa kwambiri kuti gulu lake litsutse nkhondo. Izi ziyenera kutipatsa lingaliro la momwe zinthu zilili mkati mwa Israeli kubwezera kwakukulu kwa boma motsutsana ndi Gazans chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa Hamas pa Okutobala 7. Zowonadi, palinso "kuchuluka kwa tsankho ndi ziwawa kwa nzika zaku Palestine ku Israeli," malinga ndi zomwe olankhulira a Standing Together adalengeza. Choncho, ntchito yomwe gulu ngati Standing Together limachita pomanga chilimbikitso kupyolera mu mgwirizano pakati pa Ayuda ndi Palestine ndi yamtengo wapatali.
Gululi lakula kwambiri pazaka zambiri, ndipo tsopano likugwira ntchito m'mitu isanu ndi itatu. Zimakhudzidwanso ndi nkhani zambiri, njira, ndi njira. Amapanga zionetsero zofuna kufanana pazachuma, chilungamo chanyengo, komanso kutha kwa ntchito. Gululi lilinso ndi anthu odzipereka okwana 300 omwe, mwa zina, amathandizira anthu omwe akukumana ndi tsankho kapena zachiwawa.
Pamapeto pake, kukumbatira umunthu wawo wogawana ndi gawo lofunikira kuti pakhale mtendere pakati pa Ayuda ndi Palestine.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama