November inakhala tsiku lokumbukira zochitika zazikulu mu 1989: “chaka chachikulu kwambiri m’mbiri ya dziko chiyambire 1945,” monga momwe wolemba mbiri wa ku Britain Timothy Garton Ash akuchifotokozera.
Chaka chimenecho "chinasintha chilichonse," alemba a Garton Ash. Kusintha kwa Mikhail Gorbachev m’dziko la Russia ndi “kukana kwake kochititsa mantha kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu” kunachititsa kuti Khoma la Berlin ligwe pa Nov. 9—ndi kumasula Eastern Europe ku ulamuliro wankhanza wa Russia.
Zolemekezeka ndizoyenera; zochitika, zosaiwalika. Koma malingaliro ena amatha kuwonekera.
Chancellor waku Germany Angela Merkel anapereka lingaliro limeneli—mosadziwa—pamene anatipempha tonsefe “kugwiritsa ntchito mphatso yamtengo wapatali imeneyi yaufulu kugonjetsa malinga a nthaŵi yathu.”
Njira imodzi yotsatirira upangiri wake wabwino ingakhale kugwetsa khoma lalikululi, kukulitsa khoma la Berlin mukukula ndi kutalika kwake, lomwe tsopano likudutsa m'dera la Palestine kuphwanya malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi.
"Khoma lowonjezera," monga momwe liyenera kutchulidwira, ndiloyenera malinga ndi "chitetezo" -kulingalira kosasintha kwa zochita zambiri za boma. Ngati chitetezo chinali chodetsa nkhawa, khomalo likanamangidwa m'malire ndikukhala osagonjetseka.
Cholinga cha chiwonongeko ichi, chomangidwa ndi thandizo la US ndi mgwirizano wa ku Ulaya, ndikulola Israeli kuti atenge malo amtengo wapatali a Palestina ndi madzi akuluakulu a m'deralo, motero amakana kukhalapo kwa dziko kwa anthu amtundu wa Palestine wakale.
Lingaliro lina la 1989 likuchokera kwa a Thomas Carothers, katswiri yemwe adagwira ntchito mu "kupititsa patsogolo demokalase" mu kayendetsedwe ka Purezidenti wakale Ronald Reagan.
Atatha kuunikanso mbiriyi, Carothers akutsimikizira kuti atsogoleri onse a US akhala "schizophrenic" -akuthandizira demokalase ngati ikugwirizana ndi zolinga za US ndi zachuma, monga ma satelayiti a Soviet koma osati m'mayiko a makasitomala a US.
Malingaliro awa akutsimikiziridwa modabwitsa ndi chikumbutso chaposachedwapa cha zochitika za November 1989. Kugwa kwa khoma la Berlin kunakondwerera moyenerera, koma panalibe chidziwitso chochepa cha zomwe zinachitika patatha sabata imodzi: pa Nov. 16, ku El Salvador, kuphedwa kwa anthu. anzeru asanu ndi mmodzi aku Latin America, ansembe achiJesuit, pamodzi ndi ophika awo ndi mwana wake wamkazi, opangidwa ndi gulu lankhondo la Atlacatl lokhala ndi zida za US, omwe angophunzira kumene pa JFK Special Warfare School ku Fort Bragg, NC.
Gulu lankhondo ndi magulu ake anali atalemba kale mbiri yamagazi m'zaka khumi zowopsa ku El Salvador zomwe zidayamba mu 1980 ndi kuphedwa kwa Archbishop Oscar Romero, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti "mawu a anthu opanda mawu."
M'zaka khumi za "nkhondo yowopsya" yomwe inalengezedwa ndi akuluakulu a Reagan, zowopsya zinali zofanana ku Central America. Ulamuliro wa kuzunzika, kuphana ndi chiwonongeko m’derali unasiya mazana masauzande akufa.
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa kumasulidwa kwa ma satelayiti aku Soviet ndi kusweka kwa chiyembekezo m'maiko okasitomala aku US ndikodabwitsa komanso kophunzitsa - makamaka tikakulitsa malingaliro athu.
Kuphedwa kwa anzeru a Yesuit kunathetsadi “maphunziro aumulungu omasula,” kutsitsimuka kwa Chikristu kumene kunayambira masiku ano m’zoyesayesa za Papa John XXIII ndi Vatican II, zimene anatsegula mu 1962.
Vatican II “inayambitsa nyengo yatsopano m’mbiri ya Tchalitchi cha Katolika,” analemba motero katswiri wa zaumulungu Hans Kung. Mabishopu aku Latin America anatengera “njira yabwino kwa osauka.”
Chotero mabishopuwo anayambitsanso mtendere waukulu wa mtendere wa Mauthenga Abwino umene unathetsedwa pamene Mfumu Constantine anakhazikitsa Chikristu monga chipembedzo cha Ufumu wa Roma—“chipanduko” chimene m’zaka zosakwana zana limodzi chinatembenuzira “tchalitchi chozunzidwa” kukhala “chozunza. tchalitchi,” akutero Kung.
M’chitsitsimutso cha pambuyo pa Vatican II, ansembe, masisitere ndi anthu wamba aku Latin America anatenga uthenga wa Mauthenga Abwino kwa osauka ndi ozunzidwa, kuwasonkhanitsa pamodzi m’madera, ndi kuwalimbikitsa kuti adzitengera okha tsoka lawo.
Zimene anachita ku mpatuko umenewu zinali kuponderezana mwachiwawa. M’kati mwa zigawenga ndi kuphana, anthu ophunzitsa zaumulungu zaufulu anali chandamale chachikulu.
Pakati pawo pali ofera chikhulupiriro asanu ndi mmodzi a tchalitchichi amene kuphedwa kwawo zaka 20 zapitazo tsopano kukukumbukiridwa ndi chete, osasweka kwenikweni.
Mwezi watha ku Berlin, apurezidenti atatu omwe adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugwa kwa Khoma - George HW Bush, Mikhail Gorbachev ndi Helmut Kohl - adakambirana za omwe akuyenera kulandira ngongole.
"Ndikudziwa tsopano momwe kumwamba kunatithandizira," adatero Kohl. George HW Bush anayamikira anthu a ku East Germany, omwe “kwanthaŵi yaitali anali kulandidwa ufulu wawo wopatsidwa ndi Mulungu.” Gorbachev ananena kuti United States ikufunika perestroika yakeyake.
Mosakaikira kulipo ponena za udindo wa kugwetsa kuyesa kutsitsimutsa mpingo wa Mauthenga Abwino ku Latin America m’zaka za m’ma 1980.
The School of the Americas (kuyambira pamene anadzatchedwa kuti Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation) ku Fort Benning, Ga., yomwe imaphunzitsa akuluakulu a ku Latin America, monyadira ikulengeza kuti Asilikali a United States anathandiza “kugonjetsa chiphunzitso chaumulungu cha ufulu”—mothandizidwa, motsimikizirika, ndi Vatican, pogwiritsa ntchito dzanja lachifundo la kuthamangitsa ndi kupondereza.
Ndawala yomvetsa chisoni yothetsa mpatuko woyambitsidwa ndi Vatican II inalandira mawu olembedwa osayerekezeka m’fanizo la Dostoyevsky la Grand Inquisitor mu “The Brothers Karamazov.”
M’nkhani imeneyi, yomwe inachitikira ku Seville pa “nthaŵi yowopsya kwambiri ya Bwalo la Inquisition,” Yesu Kristu anawonekera mwadzidzidzi m’makwalala, “mofewa, mosapenyerera, ndipo komabe, chodabwitsa kunena kuti, aliyense anamuzindikira” ndipo “anakopeka mosaletseka kwa iye. ”
Mkulu wa Inquisitor “akuuza alonda kuti amutenge ndi kupita naye” kundende. Kumeneko akutsutsa Khristu kuti akubwera "kudzatilepheretsa" mu ntchito yaikulu yowononga malingaliro osokoneza ufulu ndi midzi. Sitikutsatirani Inu, Wofufuza milandu akuchenjeza Yesu, koma Roma ndi “lupanga la Kaisara.” Tikufuna kukhala olamulira okha a dziko lapansi kotero kuti tingathe kuphunzitsa khamu la “ofooka ndi oipa” kuti “adzakhala omasuka pamene atikana ufulu wawo ndi kutigonjera.” Pamenepo adzakhala amantha ndi mantha ndi osangalala. Kotero mawa, Wofufuza milandu akuti, "Ndiyenera kukuwotcha Iwe."
Komabe, potsirizira pake, Woweruza wa Inquisitor analeka ndi kumasula “Iye m’njira zamdima za tauniyo.”
Ana a sukulu ya US-run School of the Americas sanachite chifundo chotero.
ZNetwork imalandira ndalama kudzera mu kuwolowa manja kwa owerenga ake.
Ndalama