Noam Chomsky, uas yug hauv 1928 thiab pib qhia hauv Massachusetts Institute of Technology hauv xyoo 1955, tau raug piav qhia tias yog "txiv ntawm kev paub lus niaj hnub," tab sis nws tseem paub zoo tias yog ib tus neeg ua haujlwm nom tswv thiab cov neeg txawj ntse. Ib tug thawj coj ntawm US kev koom tes nyob rau hauv Southeast Asia, Middle East, thiab Latin America, nws kuj tau sau ntawv thuam txog lub ntiaj teb no capitalism thiab piav txog nws tus kheej libertarian socialist. Nws ntau phau ntawv suav nrog Thaum Tsov Rog Asia (1971); Fateful Triangle: Tebchaws Asmeskas, Israel thiab Palestinians (1983); Manufacturing Consent: Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam ntawm Mass Media (nrog Edward Herman, 1988); thiab Ntawm Anarchism (2013).
Nyob rau hauv ib lub ces kaum ntawm nws lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm MIT, Chomsky muaj ib tug painting ntawm Oscar Romero thiab rau lub Jesuits tua nyob rau hauv El Salvador nyob rau hauv 1989.
Nicholas Haggerty: 3 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Kuv nyob ntawm no los nug koj txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim duab ntawd.
Noam Chomski: Kuv khaws cia rau ntawd kom nco ntsoov kuv tus kheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb tiag. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau dhau los ua qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm Rorschach xeem. Kuv nug cov neeg feem ntau yog lawv paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Neeg Asmeskas, yuav luag tsis muaj leej twg. Cov neeg European, tej zaum 10 feem pua. Cov neeg Latin America, nws tau siv tag nrho lawv, tab sis cov hluas tsis paub.
NH: Nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm tsis ntev los no, koj hais txog nees nkaum-tsib hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm cov Jesuits. Vim li cas koj tseem xav thiab sau txog qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb no?
NCO: Rau ib yam, nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev, tab sis rau lwm qhov nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm keeb kwm loj heev. Qhov kev ua ntawd tau ua rau kaum xyoo ntawm kev ua phem phem hauv Central America. Xyoo caum pib nrog kev tua neeg ntawm Archbishop Romero, nws xaus nrog kev tua neeg ntawm rau rau Jesuit cov neeg txawj ntse. Nyob nruab nrab, ob puas txhiab tus neeg raug tua. Tebchaws Meskas tau raug txim rau nws txoj kev koom tes hauv qee qhov kev ua phem no ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Thoob Ntiaj Teb Kev Ncaj Ncees, tsis lees paub nws, thiab nthuav dav kev tsov rog. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm txaus ntshai heev. Thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog tag nrho. Nws kuj culminated ib yam dab tsi ntev dua. Xyoo 1962, Thawj Tswj Hwm Kennedy tau hloov lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog Latin American los ntawm "kev tiv thaiv hemispheric" mus rau "kev ruaj ntseg sab hauv."* Kev ruaj ntseg sab hauv txhais tau tias qee yam. Nws txhais tau tias tsov rog tawm tsam koj tus kheej cov pej xeem. Thiab qhov ntawd tau teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv zais cia ntawm kev ua txhaum cai thiab kev ua phem. Qhov tseeb, Charles Maechling, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm kev tawm tsam thiab tiv thaiv lub tswv yim raws li Kennedy thiab Lyndon Johnson, tom qab ntawd tau hais tias qhov no tau hloov pauv Tebchaws Meskas los ntawm kev ua siab ntev rau cov tub rog Latin America kom ncaj qha rau qee txoj kev siv los ntawm Heinrich Himmler. Qhov twg yog qhov tseeb. Thiab muaj ntau ntxiv: 1962 yog Vatican II. Qhov ntawd yog thaum Pope John XXIII sim rov qab mus rau lub tsev teev ntuj rau txoj moo zoo, ua ntej Constantine tau ua nws txoj kev ntseeg ntawm Roman faj tim teb chaws. Qhov ntawd tau ua tiag tiag los ntawm Latin American npis sov. Lawv nrhiav kev xaiv rau cov neeg pluag, lawv sim kom cov neeg ua liaj ua teb nyeem txoj moo zoo, npaj lawv. Qhov ntawd tau ua tsov rog tawm tsam pawg ntseeg. Nws yog kev tsov kev rog thiab ntshav. Kev cai dab qhuas martyrs tag nrho txoj kev los ntawm, thiab ntau lwm tus. Neo-Nazi-style lub teb chaws-kev ruaj ntseg xeev hauv Brazil, Uruguay, Chile, Argentina. Thaum kawg lawv tuaj rau Central America xyoo 1980s. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm zais cia. Thiab nws pib xaus rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 16, 1989, nrog rau kev tua neeg ntawm rau lub Jesuits hauv El Salvador. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm keeb kwm tseem ceeb heev. Cov neeg hauv Tebchaws Meskas yuav tsum paub txog nws. Peb muaj lub luag haujlwm rau nws. Nws yog qhov phem tshaj txhua yam uas tshwm sim hauv East Europe nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd.
NH: Koj hais tias Yauhas XXIII tsiv lub tsev teev ntuj rov qab mus rau txoj moo zoo. Koj puas pom Pope Francis txav lub tsev teev ntuj zoo ib yam?
NCO: Nws yog hom haujlwm uas tab tom ua. Kuv xav tias muaj qee qhov qhia, qee cov kauj ruam hauv qhov kev taw qhia ntawd. Peb mam li pom.
NH: Koj tau hais ntau zaus txog lub tsev teev ntuj Latin American. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv zaj yeeb yaj kiab Michael Gondry Tus Txiv Neej Uas Zoo Siab?, koj hais txog kev ntshai heev ntawm Catholics loj hlob hauv Philadelphia. Puas muaj ib tus neeg lossis qhov xwm txheej uas hloov qhov ntawd rau koj?
NCO: Kuv pib hloov pauv thaum xyoo 1960, thaum kuv pib paub cov neeg Catholic sab laug xws li Dan Berrigan thiab Dorothy Day—cov neeg zoo heev. Thiab ces kuv mus rau Central America ob peb zaug. Ib tug ntawm kuv cov phooj ywg ze tshaj plaws yog tus rector ntawm UCA - Jesuit University hauv Nicaragua -César Jerez. Nws muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv pawg ntseeg hauv Guatemala, tab sis nws raug yuam kom khiav thaum Guatemalans tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav tua tag nrho cov neeg Yudais. Tag nrho cov Jesuits raug rub tawm hauv lub tebchaws, thiab nws mus rau El Salvador. Nws yog ib tug neeg kawm ntawv. Archbishop Romero yog ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb - ib tug neeg ncaj ncees, tsim nyog, tab sis muaj kev kawm me ntsis. Jerez los ua nws lub tsev txawj ntse. Nco ntsoov tsab ntawv nto moo uas tus thawj tswj hwm xa mus rau Thawj Tswj Hwm Carter, hais kom nws tsis txhob muab kev txhawb nqa rau tsoomfwv nom tswv? Jerez sau nws. Ib yam dab tsi nthuav heev tshwm sim thaum ntawd. Kuv tsis tau sau txog nws vim tsis muaj ntaub ntawv. Jerez hais rau kuv tias nws tau sau tsab ntawv rau Romero, thiab hnub uas tsab ntawv tuaj txog hauv Washington, nws tau hu xov tooj los ntawm Vatican. Pom tau tias, Carter cov thawj coj tau hais kom Vatican hu tawm tus pov thawj nyuaj no. Lawv paub tias nws ua dab tsi. Jerez raug hais kom mus rau Rome tam sim ntawd. Nws tau mus rau lub nroog Loos thiab ntsib nrog lub taub hau ntawm Jesuit kev txiav txim, uas nug nws seb nws ua dab tsi. Nws hais rau nws, thiab tau txais kev txhawb nqa mus ntxiv. Nws tau txais cov neeg tuaj saib nrog Pope. Jerez hais tias Pope yog hom kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Nws tsis tau hais tias nres thiab nws tsis hais mus ntxiv, yog li ntawd Jerez tau muab qhov ntawd tso cai rau txuas ntxiv. Nws rov qab mus rau San Salvador thiab ob peb hnub tom qab Romero raug tua. Tom qab ntawd Jerez yuav tsum tau khiav mus rau Nicaragua. Qhov tseeb, thaum kuv mus xyuas Nicaragua, kuv tau nyob ntawm lub tsev Jesuit. Nws yog qhov hloov pauv heev.
NH: Koj loj hlob tuaj nyeem Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, thiab koj tau hais tias Amos yog koj tus yaj saub nyiam. Koj puas tau txais kev tshoov siab los ntawm cov yaj saub hauv kev tshaj tawm koj cov lus ceeb toom txog kev hem thawj ntawm nuclear thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig?
NCO: Qhov ntawd yog kev qhuas tus kheej ntau dhau lawm. Dab tsi txhais ua lus Askiv li "tus yaj saub" tsis txhais hais tias yog yaj saub. Nws yeej txhais tau tias kev txawj ntse. Lawv yog qhov peb yuav hu ua cov neeg txawj ntse tsis sib haum xeeb. Amos hais tias, “Kuv tsis yog ib tug cev Vajtswv lus. Kuv tsis yog ib tug yaj saub tus tub. Kuv yog ib tug tswv yug yaj yooj yim thiab ua teb." Nws tau nyob deb ntawm nws tus kheej los ntawm qhov peb yuav hu ua cov neeg txawj ntse, thiab hais lus rau cov neeg zoo heev. Yelemis, tau kawg, tsis raug kho zoo rau nws qhov kev thov rau kev hlub tshua thiab kev ncaj ncees. Tab sis qhov ntawd yog ib txwm. Cov neeg uas peb hu ua cov yaj saub kuv xav tias yog cov neeg txawj ntse tshaj plaws uas tsis pom zoo, thiab lawv raug coj zoo li cov neeg txawj ntse uas tsis sib haum xeeb—ua phem heev. Lawv raug kaw, raug tsav mus rau hauv suab puam. Vajntxwv Ahaj, uas yog lub cim ntawm kev phem nyob hauv phau Vajlugkub, tau rau txim rau Eliyas tias yog “cov neeg Ixayees ntxub.” Qhov no yog thawj tus neeg ntxub cov neeg Yudais, lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus. Nws mus txog rau tam sim no. Qhov ntawd yog keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse. Lawv feem ntau yog cov yaj saub cuav, cov neeg thuam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub. Cov yaj saub tiag tiag yog qhov kev zam thiab ua phem rau. Ua phem npaum li cas lawv raug kho nyob ntawm lub zej zog. Zoo li nyob rau sab hnub tuaj teb chaws Europe, lawv raug kev txom nyem heev. Hauv Latin American, lawv raug tua.
NH: Koj tau hais hauv kev xam phaj tias kev hloov pauv ntawm sab ntsuj plig yuav tsum tshwm sim txhawm rau txhawm rau ua tiav txoj haujlwm libertarian socialist kom ua tiav, thiab qhov project no nws tus kheej yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm sab ntsuj plig hauv zej zog.
NCO: Yuav tsum muaj kev hloov ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm cov neeg coob coob, uas yuav tsum tau txaus siab lees paub tias lawv txoj kev tsim txom tsis yog txoj cai ntawm xwm. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas cov npis sov Latin American tau ua thaum lawv tsim cov zej zog hauv paus. Lawv tau sim kom cov neeg ua liaj ua teb paub tias koj tuaj yeem coj koj txoj hmoo rau hauv koj txhais tes. Qhov ntawd yog qhov kev tawm tsam pej xeem txoj cai tau ua ntawm no. Qhov ntawd yog qhov poj niam txoj kev txav mus los. Cov poj niam txoj kev txav mus los pib nrog cov pab pawg me me, uas cov poj niam sib tham thiab hais tias, "Peb tsis tas yuav txais kev tsim txom zoo li no." Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai heev hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Muaj cov teeb meem loj tiag tiag ntawm no, uas peb tau pom qhov kev xaiv tsa nruab nrab yav dhau los no. Nws yog qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim hauv Asmeskas keeb kwm. Nws rov qab mus. Qhov no yeej ib txwm yog tus nplua nuj thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws, thiab qee zaum yog lub tebchaws txaus ntshai tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov xyoo, kev txaus ntshai yog rau txhua tus neeg nyob ze peb, qhev, Native Americans, Mexicans. Nws thaum kawg tau nthuav dav hauv 1898 mus rau Caribbean, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, thiab Philippines. Qhov tseeb, kab lus "kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws" tsuas yog siv mus txog rau xyoo 1930s. Thiab muaj ib qho laj thawj. Txij thaum ntawd los, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib ua lub ntiaj teb. Ua ntej ntawd Tebchaws Meskas feem ntau yog lub zog hauv cheeb tsam - Tebchaws Askiv yog lub zog loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, kev ruaj ntseg hauv tebchaws tau nyob txhua qhov chaw, vim tias peb yeej muaj lub ntiaj teb, yog li peb txoj kev ruaj ntseg raug hem txhua qhov chaw. Tsis yog ntawm peb ciam teb xwb, tab sis txhua qhov chaw - yog li koj yuav tsum muaj ntau txhiab lub hauv paus tub rog thoob ntiaj teb rau "tiv thaiv." Lub caij no, peb muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo tshaj plaws txhua lub tebchaws puas tau muaj. Thiab nrog rau qhov ntawd los ntshai. Tebchaws Meskas yog ib lub tebchaws uas ntshai tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws mus txoj kev rov qab mus rau lub colonies. Ua tib zoo saib daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej. Ib qho kev foob tawm tsam Vaj Ntxwv George III yog tias nws tau tawm tsam peb cov "tsis muaj kev hlub tshua Indian" uas nws txoj kev ua tsov rog yog kev puas tsuaj thiab kev ntshai. Tus ntawd yog Thomas Jefferson! Nws nyob ntawd, nws paub tias nws yog cov lus Askiv uas tsis muaj kev hlub tshua, tab sis tau lees tias yog cov neeg Khab uas tsis muaj kev hlub tshua uas tau tawm tsam peb. Thiab ces muaj kev ntshai ntawm ib tug qhev ntxeev siab. Ib qho laj thawj rau kev coj ua phom tua neeg vwm hauv Tebchaws Meskas rov qab mus rau kev ntshai ntawm cov neeg Khab thiab qhev. Thaum koj tsoo tib neeg, lawv yuav hnov qab, yog li koj yuav tsum tiv thaiv koj tus kheej. Thiab nws mus tag nrho txoj hauv kev mus rau hnub no. Noj ib yam dab tsi zoo li Ebola tshwm sim. Neeg ntshai heev. Kuv xav tias yog ib feem loj ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv kev xaiv tsa nruab nrab. Nws tsuas yog ib lub tebchaws uas ntshai heev, thiab qhov ntawd ua rau nws yooj yim heev rau kev txhawb nqa tib neeg rau kev ua phem thiab kev ua phem. Txhua yam koj ua yog qhia rau lawv tias peb raug hem thiab lawv tam sim ntawd huddle hauv qab lub kaus.
NH: Muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev ntshai hauv Tebchaws Meskas, vim li cas cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Irish Catholics pib xaiv Republican thaum xyoo 1960 thiab thaum ntxov 1970s?
NCO: Kev caij npav yeej hloov tau ntau yam hauv Boston. Qhov tseeb, muaj qee qhov nyiaj pub dawb rau qhov no, thoob plaws lub tebchaws. Koj tuaj yeem pom yog vim li cas. Saib xyuas kev caij npav hauv Boston. Nws tau tsim los ntawm Harvard liberals, suburban, liberal progressives. Nws tau tsim los kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib cais. Tab sis lawv ua li cas? Lawv xa cov menyuam Irish los ntawm South Boston mus rau Roxbury, cov menyuam dub los ntawm Roxbury mus rau South Boston - thiab tsis muaj leej twg mus rau hauv lub nroog uas cov neeg nplua nuj nyob. Thiab ntawm chav kawm nws tso tawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Ib tug txiv neej Irish uas ua haujlwm rau lub tuam txhab xov tooj uas thaum kawg muaj nyiaj txaus los yuav ib lub tsev me me thiab kom nws cov menyuam mus kawm ntawv qib siab hauv ib cheeb tsam zoo, tam sim ntawd nws cov menyuam raug xa mus rau Roxbury thiab cov menyuam dub tau los. Nws npau taws heev. Nws yog ib qho kev hloov loj rau lub tebchaws, thiab muaj ntau yam zoo li ntawd. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw Reagan Democrats los ntawm. Lawv txoj kev ntawm lub neej raug tawm tsam. Rau vs. wade yog ib feem ntawm nws. Lawv txoj kev ua neej tau raug tawm tsam los ntawm kev ywj pheej, yog li lawv pib ntxub kev ywj pheej thiab pov npav tawm tsam lawv tus kheej nyiam. Yog vim li ntawd koj thiaj muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm pov npav los rhuav tshem lawv tus kheej. Nws tawm tsam. Nws zoo nkauj npaum li qhov uas tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Askiv. Cov cai ntawm UKIP [Lub UK Independence Party] txaus ntshai heev rau cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tseem yog qhov chaw pov npav, vim tib neeg ntshai heev lawv los thiab coj txhua yam tawm ntawm us. Kev ntshai hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg Irish, uas tau raug kev txom nyem txaus ntshai thaum lawv tuaj ntawm no. Nyob rau xyoo kaum cuaj-xyoo pua hauv Boston, koj tuaj yeem pom cov cim uas hais tias, "Tsis muaj dev lossis Irish." Thaum kawg cov Irish tau pib ua haujlwm rau lawv tus kheej mus rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tau los ua neeg muaj hwj chim, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv keeb kwm lawv tau raug kho zoo li African Asmeskas. Tam sim no lawv tau hloov pauv txaus ntshai lawv. Nws yog ib lub teb chaws muaj kev ntxub ntxaug. Ua tib zoo saib ntawm kev pov npav, lub xeev liab thiab xiav. Nws zoo nkauj npaum li Civil War. Lub Confederacy yog liab. Vim li cas lawv thiaj ua Republican? Vim yog txoj cai pej xeem. Yog li lawv tau hloov los ntawm Democrat mus rau Republican.
NH: Puas muaj kev sib txuas ntawm qhov kev ntxub ntxaug no thiab kev tawm tsam haiv neeg hauv Tebchaws Europe?
NCO: Nws ntshai heev, thiab lawv kis mus thoob plaws. Fabkis phem kawg. East Europe yog qhov phem tshaj plaws. Hungary tam sim no khiav los ntawm ib zoo li neo-Nazi tog [Jobbik]. Koj yeej tsis pom qhov kev ntxub ntxaug hauv Tebchaws Europe yav dhau los vim nws yog homogeneous heev. Thaum txhua leej txhua tus yog blondes thiab xiav-eyed, koj tsis pom kev ntxub ntxaug. Tab sis sai li sai tau thaum muaj qhov pib ntawm kev nkag teb chaws, nws tsuas yog tuaj tawm heev. Ntau tus neeg tau khiav tawm teb chaws Africa, uas yog ib zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai tag nrho - feem ntau vim yog European kev ua yeeb yam ntau pua xyoo. Yog li lawv tau khiav mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Thawj qhov chaw lawv mus yog Ltalis. Ltalis tau pab cawm tib neeg, tab sis lawv tau tshaj tawm tsis ntev los no tias lawv xav nres, lawv xav muab nws mus rau European Union. EU zoo nkauj tshaj tawm tias lawv yuav tsis ua ntau. England hais tias lawv yuav tsis ua dab tsi. Yog li yog tias ntau pua txhiab tus neeg tuag hauv hiav txwv, nws yog lawv qhov teeb meem - khiav tawm ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev ua phem nyob sab Europe. Peb ua tib yam nkaus. Cov neeg khiav tawm Central America-lawv khiav los ntawm dab tsi? [Chomsky taw tes rau ntawm daim duab ntawm Oscar Romero] Tej yam zoo li ntawd. Nyob ib ncig ntawm Boston muaj ib lub zej zog Mayan. Hnub no tus poj niam nyob ntawd [Chomsky taw rau ib daim duab framed] tshwm sim nyob nrog kuv tus ntxhais. Nws yog ib tug neeg tawg rog Mayan. Lawv tab tom khiav tawm tom qab kev tua neeg virtual nyob rau hauv toj siab thaum ntxov xyoo 1980s uas Tebchaws Meskas tau txhawb nqa. Thiab peb tuaj tos lawv ntawm ciam teb thiab muab pov rov qab. Tsuas yog ob peb hnub dhau los muaj ib tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Human Rights Watch rau txim rau Tebchaws Meskas rau kev cuam tshuam cov neeg tawg rog-poj niam thiab menyuam yaus. Nws yog ib zaj dab neeg txaus ntshai tiag tiag. Feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tawg rog tam sim no tuaj ntawm Honduras. Xyoo 2009, cov tub rog hauv Honduras tau tawm tsam tus thawj tswj hwm hauv kev tawm tsam tub rog. Lawv khiav kev xaiv tsa - nws tau lees paub los ntawm Obama tab sis xyaum tsis muaj lwm tus. Txij thaum ntawd los, Honduras tau dhau los ua kev tua neeg lub peev ntawm lub ntiaj teb; muaj kev phem kev qias, kev tua menyuam mos, tua poj niam yog txoj kev, thiab cov neeg khiav tawm hauv kev poob siab. Lawv tuaj txog ntawm ciam teb, thiab peb muab lawv tso rau hauv tsheb thauj khoom thiab xa rov qab mus rau Mexico kom tuag. Thiab ntawm no tib neeg ntshai cov neeg tuaj txawv teb chaws tsis raug cai - qhov no yog qhov peb ua. Nws zoo nkauj heev.
NH: Thaum twg koj raug xam phaj, nws zoo li yog tias koj raug nug tib lo lus nug ntau dua. Koj puas tau nkees ntawm nws? Koj mus dab tsi?
NCO: Saib cov duab zoo li ntawd [Chomsky taw qhia dua ntawm Romero painting]. Kuv xav tias kuv tau nug txog qhov ntawd ntxiv. kuv yeej ua.
Qhov kev xam phaj no tau raug kho kom ntev thiab meej. Nws tau tshwm sim rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7, 2014.
* Chomsky tau hais txog US Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm, pib thaum xyoo 1960, txhawm rau rov kho nws cov kev pabcuam tub rog kom deb ntawm kev pab cov tub rog kev nyab xeeb hauv Latin American lub tebchaws tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam sab nraud mus rau kev tawm tsam sab hauv "subversion." Cf. xyoo 1963 zaj lus tim khawv ntawm Kws Tiv Thaiv Tus Tuav Pov Hwm Robert S. McNamara ua ntej lub Tsev Pab Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tsim Nyog (Lub Rooj Sib Hais, Kev Ua Haujlwm txawv teb chaws tsim nyog rau xyoo 1964, 88th Congress, thawj zaug [Tsib Hlis, 1963], Ntu 2.)
ZNetwork tau txais nyiaj tsuas yog los ntawm kev ua siab zoo ntawm nws cov neeg nyeem.
Pab Nyiaj
1 comment
This is just another marvelous article by Noam Chomsky. Concerning Noam’s point about how the US the murderous repression and genocide in Central America and South America through aiding and abetting these murderous military and civilian fascist regimes, I experienced this reality in Honduras while I was teaching EFL(English as a Foreign Language) from February, 1986 to July, 1986 at a military academy -Nido de Aguilas: Colegio Politechnico – in Tamara, a village that was amid the foothills about forty miles from Tegucigalpa, the capital and that was near a Honduran military base, that was being trained by the US.military and that had a notorious reputation for torturing and murdering dissidents. In addition, the Director of the military Academy, Colonel Juan Angel Arias Rodriguez, who was backed by the CIA, was the leader and head of all the death squads in Honduras and who was responsible for the liquidation of my Honduran girlfriend’s brother.In addition, this military caudillo/strongman provided protection for the drug traffickers in which he received a ten percent commission for the sales of their drugs. Furthermore, the strange unexplained murders, including beheadings, that had been occurring in Tamara apparently were being done by the US backed Contras who were hiding in a secret camp somewhere in the foothills near the military academy. In conclusion, that is the tragic, historic infamous legacy of USbacked repression and murder in Central America and South America.