Howard Zinn
As
lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tuaj txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis kawg, ib tug txiv neej txawv txawv, uas nws
lub neej hla lub xyoo pua, tuag thaum muaj cuaj caum-yim. Nws lub npe yog Sender
Garlin.
I
thawj zaug ntsib Sender, kaum xyoo ua ntej nws tuag, thaum nws tsuas yog yim caum-xya
xyoo. Nws yog lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1989, thiab kuv tau mus rau Boulder los tham
ntawm University of Colorado. Ib tug thawj coj ntawm kuv nyob yog ib tug txiv neej
hu ua Sender Garlin, tus neeg sau xov xwm ntev ntev thiab cov ntawv sau. kuv tsis tau
paub nws, thiab yog li kuv tsis tau npaj rau qhov zoo siab uas kuv ntsib nrog nws.
We
ntsib noj su ntawm chav qhia noj mov. Kuv xav tias qhov no yuav siv sijhawm ib teev, tab sis
nws kav ntev li ob teev thiab tuaj yeem mus rau rau, yog li animated yog qhov
kev sib tham, siab zog, yog li tag nrho cov lus nug yog kuv, yog li tag nrho ntawm cov
keeb kwm ntawm lub xyoo pua no yog Sender Garlin. Nws tseem hais tias:
"Nws yog
kuv tig los nug koj. Lub sijhawm sib npaug, koj paub." Tab sis kuv paub tias peb tsis yog
sib npaug ntawm qhov peb tau hais.
I
Kuv yog ib tug kws sau keeb kwm, thiab xa tuaj, yug hauv 1903, tau nyob los ntawm qee qhov feem ntau
exciting keeb kwm lub sij hawm ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Nws tau npog qhov kev sim tshem tawm Moscow
ntawm 1930s rau peb cov ntawv xov xwm sab laug, tsuas yog tus neeg sau xov xwm sab hnub poob
tam sim no ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem txawv txawv, uas Stalin methodically pov tseg
ntawm nws cov qub revolutionaries. Hauv lub tebchaws no, nws tau tshaj tawm rau a
sib txawv ntawm lynching, qhov kev sim ntawm "Scottsboro Cov Tub," cuaj
cov tub ntxhais hluas dub dag dag ntxias ntawm Alabama thaum lub sij hawm Kev Nyuaj Siab thiab
raug txim tuag.
He
loj hlob hauv ib puag ncig ua haujlwm hauv Vermont thiab upstate New York, nws
txiv ib tug neeg ua mov ci uas, raws li Sender, yog "ib lub sijhawm sib npaug
tus tswv hauj lwm, enlisting cov kev pab cuam "ntawm kuv niam thiab kuv peb laus dua
cov kwv tij." Nws tau kawm nrog Scott Nearing thiab lwm cov npe blacklisted kev kawm ntawm
Rand School of Social Science thiab tau siv ntau xyoo hauv tsev kawm qib siab thiab kev cai lij choj
tsev kawm ntawv. Nws tsis muaj degree, tab sis nws txoj kev kawm hauv ntiaj teb yog thawj chav kawm. Nws
pom cov tsev qiv ntawv hauv tsev kawm qib siab muaj kev nkag siab ntau dua li cov chav kawm.
Nyeem Ntawv
Kev thov rov hais dua rau Vim li cas thiab cov ntawv sau ntawm Upton Sinclair, Tus xa ntawm kaum peb lossis
kaum plaub suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog socialist. Nws hais tias: โNyob rau xyoo tom qab, nws yog
Karl Marx uas rov tsim kuv dua nrog nws qhov kev thuam ntawm lub zej zog siab phem, tsis ncaj ncees. . .
. Tsis muaj leej twg tau lees paub nws qhov kev thuam tseem ceeb. "
yuav tsum vov
lub iab kev nyuaj siab ntawm lub nees nkaum thiab peb caug (lub textile strike nyob rau hauv
Gastonia, North Carolina, qhov kev tawm tsam tsis txaus ntseeg hauv California ua tus editor ntawm
Western Worker), nws tau cuam tshuam loj heev. Sender Garlin yeej tsis tuaj yeem yog tus
detached professional journalist, saum toj no sib ntaus sib tua, ib yam dab tsi ntau tshaj John Reed
npog Paterson zeb tawm tsam xyoo 1913, lossis Theodore Dreiser, sau txog
lub mine tawm tsam hauv Kentucky.
As
tus neeg sau xov xwm, nws tau xam phaj cov duab sib txawv xws li Clarence Darrow, Emma
Goldman, Lucy Parsons, Huey Long, Lenin tus poj ntsuam Krupskaya, thiab Olga
Kniper-Chekhova, lub hnub qub ua yeeb yam Moscow thiab tus poj ntsuam ntawm tus kws sau ntawv zoo Lavxias.
Tus xa tuaj pab tsim lub John Reed Club thaum ntxov 1930s thiab yog tus tsim
editor ntawm Partisan Review ua ntej nws tsiv mus rau sau rau Lub Masses.
In
tom qab mus ntsib Boulder, Kuv tau koom nrog Sender thaum twg kuv tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab kuv
tau nco ntsoov txhua lub sijhawm ntawm nws txoj kev lom zem ntawm kev lom zem, nws qhov khoom tsis kawg
cov lus piav qhia. Kuv nco qab nws qhia kuv txog nws lub sijhawm ua tus tshaj xov xwm rau Bronx Tsev
Xov xwm, uas hais rau "lub zos lub kaum sab xis" nyob rau hauv txhua zaj dab neeg, yog li ntawd thaum twg
Lindbergh ya hla lub Atlantic, nws cov ntawv xov xwm nyeem: "Lindbergh ya
hla Bronx ntawm txoj kev mus rau Paris. "
Tab sis
Sender Garlin lub ntsiab thrust thiab satirical barbs yeej ib txwm tawm tsam lub system:
kev siv neeg, kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg, militaristic nationalism uas tau plagued
nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua no, txawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv loj ntawm Fascism los yog ntau disguised daim ntawv.
Tom qab
tsiv mus rau Boulder hauv 1980 nrog nws tus poj niam, tus kws sau paj huam Martha Millet Garlin, nws
tam sim ntawd los koom nrog kev ua nom ua tswv hauv cheeb tsam. Nws ua haujlwm
nquag nrog CISPES (Cov Pab Pawg Sib Koom Tes nrog Cov Neeg ntawm El
Salvador) los tawm tsam Reagan Administration txoj cai xa caj npab mus rau lub
pab neeg tuag nyob ntawd. Ib tug npoj yaig ntawm nws hauv CISPES, Gonzalo Santos, lub rooj sib hais ntawm
Sender txoj kev tuag, sau tias: "Kuv yuav nco Sender. Nws yog tus qauv zoo tshaj plaws
ntawm ib tug organizer ntawm, thiab fighter rau, cov neeg uas kuv tau puas tau ntsib. Nws
yog ib tug cob qhia thiab ib tug phooj ywg zoo, ib tug tseem ceeb thiab txhawb nqa phooj ywg nyob rau hauv caj npab. May nws
so nyob rau hauv kev thaj yeeb ib pliag, thiab ces co thiab straighten tej yam uas nws nyob,
Txawm tias tus Tswv zoo nws tus kheej yuav tsum raug kev txom nyem ntawm nws irreverent tab sis
qhov tseeb views ntawm saum ntuj ceeb tsheej tsis ncaj ncees thiab pomposities. Kuv tsuas vam tias thaum kuv loj hlob tuaj
laus, kuv yuav tuaj yeem ua raws li kev nplua nuj, tag nrho lub neej ntawm kev cog lus, kev ua haujlwm,
kev txawj ntse, kev xyiv fab ntawm lub neej, thiab kev hlub kev cob qhia rau cov tub ntxhais hluas,
Raws li kuv tus phooj ywg zoo, Sender Garlin, nyob."
uas
hais lus rau peb ntau tus uas paub tus neeg zoo kawg li no.