1. How do you see the media coverage of this event? Is there a parallel to the Gulf War in โmanufacturing consent?โ
Kev tshaj tawm xov xwm tsis zoo ib yam li cov neeg European zoo li ntseeg, tej zaum vim tias lawv khaws cia rau NYT, NPR, TV, thiab lwm yam. Txawm tias NYT tau lees paub, tag kis no, qhov kev coj cwj pwm hauv New York tsis zoo li cov uas lawv tau tshaj tawm. Nws yog ib zaj dab neeg zoo, tseem hinting ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov xov xwm tseem ceeb tsis tau tshaj tawm qhov no, uas tsis yog tag nrho, txawm hais tias nws tau muaj tseeb, zoo nkauj heev, ntawm NYT. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov xov xwm loj, thiab cov chav kawm txawj ntse feem ntau, los ua kab hauv kev txhawb nqa lub hwj chim thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov thiab sim txhawb cov pej xeem rau tib qho laj thawj. Qhov ntawd yog qhov tseeb, nrog yuav luag hysterical siv, thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub foob pob ntawm Serbia. Tsov rog Gulf tsis yog qhov txawv txav. Txhawm rau ua piv txwv uas nyob deb txaus kom peb yuav tsum tau saib nws tsis txaus siab, cov neeg txawj ntse ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab North America tau ua li cas rau Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum 1 - thoob plaws kev nom kev tswv? Muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb uas peb tuaj yeem sau tau zoo, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau raug kaw hauv tsev loj cuj: Rosa Luxemburg, Bertrand Russell, Eugene Debs,โฆ
2. Xav tias cov neeg phem xaiv lub World Trade Center ua lub hom phiaj, lub ntiaj teb no thiab kev coj noj coj ua zoo li cas pab tsim kev ntxub ntxaug rau Asmeskas.
This is an extremely convenient belief for Western intellectuals. It absolves them of responsibility for the actions that actually do lie behind the choice of the WTC. Was it bombed in 1993 because of concern over globalization and cultural hegemony? A few days ago the Wall Street Journal reported attitudes of rich and privileged Egyptians at a McDonaldโs restaurant wearing stylish American clothes, etc., and bitterly critical of the US for objective reasons of policy, which are well-known to those who wish to know: they had a report a few days earlier on attitudes of bankers, professionals, businessmen in the region, all pro-American, and harshly critical of US policies. Is that concern over โglobalizationโ, McDonaldโs, and jeans? Attitudes in the street are similar, but far more intense, and have nothing at all to do with these fashionable excuses.
As for the bin Laden network, they have as little concern for globalization and cultural hegemony as they do for the poor and oppressed people of the Middle East who they have been severely harming for years. They tell us what their concerns are loud and clear: they are fighting a Holy War against the corrupt, repressive, and โun-Islamistโ regimes of the region, and their supporters, just as they fought a Holy War against the Russians in the 1980s (and are now doing in Chechnya, Western China, Egypt (in this case since 1981, when they assassinated Sadat), and elsewhere. Bin Laden himself probably never even heard of โglobalization.โ Those who have interviewed him in depth, like Robert Fisk, report that he knows virtually nothing of the world, and doesnโt care to. We can choose to ignore all the facts and indulge in self-indulgent fantasies if we like, but at considerable risk to ourselves, among others. Among other things, we can also ignore, if we choose, the roots of the โAfghanisโ such as bin Laden and his associates, also not a secret.
3. Cov neeg Amelikas puas tau kawm kom pom qhov no? Puas muaj kev paub txog qhov ua rau thiab qhov tshwm sim?
Hmoov tsis zoo, ib yam li cov neeg European tsis yog. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov muaj cai hauv cheeb tsam Middle East (thiab ntau dua li, ntawm txoj kev) tsis tshua nkag siab ntawm no, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws: qhov sib txawv ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov cai rau Iraq thiab Israel txoj kev ua tub rog. Txog qhov kawg, qhov tseeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis tshua muaj tshaj tawm, thiab yuav luag tsis paub thoob ntiaj teb, rau cov neeg txawj ntse tshwj xeeb. Yooj yim heev los muab piv txwv. Tau yooj yim xa koj cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm rau ntau xyoo, yog tias koj nyiam, suav nrog tam sim no.
4. Koj puas pom qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Tsoomfwv Meskas li cas? Leej twg yuav lawv sawv cev?
The US government, like others, primarily responds to centers of concentrated domestic power. That should be a truism. Of course, there are other influences, including popular currents โ that is true of all societies, even brutal totalitarian systems, surely more democratic ones. Insofar as we have information, the US government is now trying to exploit the opportunity to ram through its own agenda: militarization, including โmissile defense,โ a code word for militarization of space; undermining social democratic programs and concerns over the harsh effects of corporate โglobalization,โ or environmental issues, or health insurance, and so on; instituting measures that will intensify the transfer of wealth to very narrow sectors (e.g., eliminating the capital gains tax); regimenting the society so as to eliminate discussion and protest. All normal, and entirely natural. As for a response, they are, I presume, listening to the foreign leaders, specialists on the Middle East, and I suppose their own intelligence agencies, who are warning them that a massive military response will answer bin Ladenโs prayers. But there are hawkish elements who want to use the occasion to strike out at their enemies, with extreme violence, no matter how many innocent people suffer, including people here and in Europe who will be victims of the escalating cycle of violence. All again in a very familiar dynamic. There are plenty of bin Ladens on both sides, as usual.
5. Kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb tau nthuav tawm cov qauv sab hnub poob thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, thiab Tebchaws Asmeskas nyob rau hauv primis tau txhawb nqa nws, qee zaum nrog cov lus nug, feem ntau ua rau cov kab lis kev cai hauv zos. Puas yog peb tab tom ntsib qhov tshwm sim ntawm kaum xyoo dhau los ntawm Asmeskas txoj cai tswjfwm? Puas yog Amelikas cov neeg raug tsim txom?
This thesis is commonly in advanced. I donโt agree. One reason is that the western model โ notably, the US model โ is based on vast state intervention into the economy. The โneoliberal rulesโ are like those of earlier eras. They are double-edged: market discipline is good for you, but not for me, except for temporary advantage, when I am in a good position to win the competition.
Secondly, what happened on Sept. 11 has virtually nothing to do with economic globalization, in my opinion. The reasons lie elsewhere. Nothing can justify crimes such as those of Sept. 11, but we can think of the US as an โinnocent victimโ only if we adopt the convenient path of ignoring the actions of the US and its allies, which are, after all, hardly a secret.
6. Txhua tus pom zoo tias tsis muaj dab tsi yuav zoo ib yam tom qab lub Cuaj Hlis 11, tsim lub neej txhua hnub nrog kev txwv txoj cai mus txog lub ntiaj teb lub tswv yim nrog kev sib koom tes tshiab thiab yeeb ncuab. Koj xav li cas txog qhov no?
Cov kev ua phem phem heev rau hnub Tuesday yog ib yam tshiab hauv ntiaj teb no, tsis yog nyob rau hauv lawv cov nplai thiab tus cwj pwm, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub hom phiaj. Rau Teb Chaws Asmeskas, qhov no yog thawj zaug txij thaum Tsov Rog Xyoo 1812 uas nws lub teb chaws thaj chaw tau raug tua, txawm tias muaj kev hem thawj. Nws cov cheeb tsam tau raug tawm tsam, tab sis tsis yog lub teb chaws thaj chaw nws tus kheej. Lub sijhawm xyoo no, Tebchaws Asmeskas tau tua cov neeg hauv paus txawm, kov yeej ib nrab ntawm Mexico, cuam tshuam hnyav hauv cheeb tsam ib puag ncig, kov yeej Hawaii thiab Philippines (tua pua pua txhiab tus neeg Filipinos), thiab nyob rau ib nrab xyoo dhau los tshwj xeeb, txuas ntxiv nws qhov chaw los yuam. thoob plaws ntau lub ntiaj teb. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom yog colossal. Thawj zaug, cov phom tau raug coj mus rau lwm txoj kev. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb, txawm tias ntau dua, ntawm Tebchaws Europe. Tebchaws Europe tau raug kev puas tsuaj tua neeg, tab sis los ntawm kev ua tsov rog sab hauv, lub sijhawm no tau kov yeej ntau lub ntiaj teb nrog kev ua phem heev. Tab sis Is Nrias teb tsis tawm tsam Askiv, lossis Congo Belgium, lossis East Indies lub Netherlands. Ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog qhov kev zam tsis zoo, tab sis qhov no yog qhov tshiab tiag tiag hauv ntau pua xyoo ntawm keeb kwm - tsis nyob hauv qhov ntsuas, tu siab, tab sis hauv kev xaiv lub hom phiaj.
Kuv tsis xav tias nws yuav ua rau muaj kev txwv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm txoj cai sab hauv hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab loj. Cov kab lis kev cai thiab kev cuam tshuam rau qhov ntawd yog qhov ruaj khov heev, Kuv ntseeg. Yog tias Asmeskas xaiv los teb los ntawm kev nce lub voj voog ntawm kev ua phem, teb cov lus thov ntawm bin Laden thiab nws cov koom tes, ces qhov tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog qhov txaus ntshai. Muaj, tau kawg, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev, raug cai thiab tsim kho. Thiab muaj ntau ntau precedents rau lawv. Ib qho kev txhawb siab rau pej xeem nyob rau hauv cov zej zog ywj pheej thiab kev ywj pheej tuaj yeem coj cov cai coj mus rau txoj kev coj zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig.
7. Cov kev pabcuam kev txawj ntse thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tswj hwm thoob ntiaj teb (piv txwv li Echelon) tsis tuaj yeem pom tias yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim, txawm tias lub network kev ua phem thoob ntiaj teb tsis paub. Yuav ua li cas kom tus tij laug kaw qhov muag? Peb puas yuav tsum ntshai, tam sim no Ib Tug Kwv Tij Loj?
I frankly have never been overly impressed with concerns widely voiced in Europe over Echelon as a system of control. As for world-wide intelligence systems, their failures over the years have been colossal, a matter I and others have written about, and that I cannot pursue here. That is true even when the targets of concern are far easier to deal with than the bin Laden network, presumed to be responsible for the Sept. 11 crimes. Surely one would expect the network to be reasonably well understood by the CIA, French intelligence, and others who participated in establishing it and nurtured it as long as it was useful to them for a Holy War against the Russian enemy, but even then they did not understand it well enough to prevent such events as the assassination of President Sadat in 1981, the suicide bombing that effectively drove the US military out of Lebanon in 1983, and many other examples of what is called โblowbackโ in the literature on these topics.
Los ntawm tam sim no lub network tsis muaj kev tsis ntseeg yog li decentralized, yog li tsis muaj nyob rau hauv hierarchical qauv, thiab thiaj li dispersed thoob plaws ntau lub ntiaj teb no raws li tau ua loj impenetrable. Cov kev pabcuam kev txawj ntse yuav tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tau muab cov peev txheej los sim ua kom hnyav dua. Tab sis kev mob siab rau txo qis kev hem thawj ntawm hom kev ua phem no, xws li suav nrog lwm qhov xwm txheej, yuav tsum muaj kev siv zog los nkag siab thiab daws cov laj thawj.
Thaum Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Tsev tau tawg hauv Oklahoma City, muaj kev quaj tam sim los foob pob rau Middle East. Cov no tau txiav tawm thaum nws tau pom tias tus neeg ua txhaum yog los ntawm US ultra-txoj cai militia txav. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis yog rhuav tshem Montana thiab Idaho, qhov chaw txav mus los, tab sis nrhiav thiab ntes tus neeg ua txhaum cai, coj nws mus rau qhov kev sim siab, thiab - qhov tseem ceeb - tshawb nrhiav cov kev tsis txaus siab uas nyob tom qab kev ua txhaum cai thiab daws cov teeb meem. Tsuas yog hais txog txhua qhov kev ua txhaum cai - txawm tias muaj tub sab hauv txoj kev lossis kev ua phem loj heev - muaj qhov laj thawj, thiab feem ntau peb pom tias qee qhov ntawm lawv yog qhov hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau hais. Cov teeb meem tsis txawv ntawm qhov no - tsawg kawg, rau cov neeg uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb kom txo qis kev hem thawj ntawm kev ua phem ua phem es tsis ua kom nce ntxiv.
8. Bin Laden, dab ntxwg nyoog: qhov no puas yog yeeb ncuab lossis tsis yog lub npe, ib hom logo uas txheeb xyuas thiab ua rau tus kheej ua phem?
Bin Laden tuaj yeem lossis tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau hauv cov yeeb yam no, tab sis nws zoo li lub network uas nws yog tus thawj coj yog - uas yog, lub network tsim los ntawm Asmeskas thiab nws cov phooj ywg rau lawv tus kheej lub hom phiaj thiab txhawb nqa ntev li ntev tau. nws ua hauj lwm rau cov hom phiaj. Nws yog qhov yooj yim dua rau tus kheej tus yeeb ncuab, pom tias yog lub cim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm kev phem, dua li nrhiav kom nkag siab txog dab tsi nyob tom qab kev ua phem loj. Thiab muaj, ib txwm muaj, muaj kev sim siab heev kom tsis quav ntsej ib tus kheej lub luag haujlwm - uas nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tsis yooj yim rau unearth, thiab qhov tseeb yog paub rau txhua tus neeg uas muaj kev paub txog thaj av thiab nws keeb kwm tsis ntev los no.
9. Qhov kev ua tsov rog no tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo los ua Nyab Laj tshiab? Qhov kev raug mob ntawd tseem muaj sia nyob.
Qhov ntawd yog ib qho piv txwv uas feem ntau tsa. Nws nthuav tawm, hauv kuv lub tswv yim, qhov cuam tshuam loj heev ntawm ntau pua xyoo ntawm kev ua phem ntawm imperial rau kev txawj ntse thiab kev coj ncaj ncees ntawm sab hnub poob. Kev tsov rog hauv Nyab Laj tau pib thaum Asmeskas tawm tsam South Nyab Laj, uas ib txwm yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas kev tsov kev rog, uas tau xaus los ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntau ntawm Indochina. Tshwj tsis yog tias peb txaus siab ntsib qhov tseeb ntawm theem pib, peb tsis tuaj yeem tham txog kev ua tsov rog Nyab Laj. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev tsov rog tau ua pov thawj raug nqi rau Asmeskas, txawm hais tias qhov cuam tshuam rau Indochina yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dua. Kev ntxeem tau ntawm Afghanistan kuj tau ua pov thawj raug nqi rau USSR, tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov teeb meem uas tuaj txog thaum peb xav txog qhov kev ua phem ntawd.