Ua hoʻokumu maikaʻi ʻia ka moʻolelo o ke koa drone hoʻokahi a ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia e lilo i mea hoʻomanawanui e like me ka mea o ka loio lone me ka lio keʻokeʻo a me ka pōkā kālā i holo i waho o ka Wild West e ʻimi ai i nā mea ʻino. Ma ke ʻano like, ʻo ke koa kaulana ʻole o Washington i kēia wā Kaua ma ka Terror i nā ʻāina hihiu o ka honua i kekahi manawa. i kauʻia ma ke ano he Pohihihi Central Intelligence Agency luna. Ma o ka ʻenehana hou, ʻimi ʻo ia i ka lani Central Asia a i ʻole Middle East me kāna drone Predator unmanned, e hoʻouna pono ana i nā missiles Hellfire e pepehi i nā mea hoʻoweliweli al-Qaeda kiʻekiʻe ma ko lākou mau wahi huna.
Nui no ka mooolelo. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe mea "lone" e pili ana i ke kaua drone. E noʻonoʻo i ke ʻano o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka papahana pepehi drone o Wakinekona ma ke ʻano he pyramid multidimensional i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā haneli o nā limahana a paʻakikī loa ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hopu i ke kiʻi piha. Cian Westmoreland, he kanaka koa US Air Force nāna i kōkua i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana kamaʻilio data drone ma ka hikina hema o Afghanistan i ka makahiki 2009, waiho i ka mea. me ka palaka: "He nui ka poʻe i loko o ke kaulahao o nā hana i lilo i mea paʻakikī ke hoʻomaopopo i ka hopena maoli o kā mākou hana. ʻO ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke kuleana e hoʻokaʻawale i nā kānaka mai ke kaumaha o kā lākou hoʻoholo.
Eia kekahi, he polokalamu ia ma lalo o ke kaomi, pepehi mau, a losing kona mau kanaka ponoi i ka weliweli a hiki paha uku hoomau ole ma muli o nā "ʻeha" i manaʻo ʻole ʻia e kekahi ma ke ʻano o kēia kaua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻelua mau pūʻulu e manaʻo nei i ka hopena nui loa mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka lewa ma Wakinekona: ʻo ka ʻike haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa "nā mea noiʻi," pinepine hou mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, a me nā wahine a me nā keiki e noho ana i ka ʻilihune ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka honua.
He Mīkini Pepehi kanaka Hyper-Manned
A laila, e like me ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia, ʻo ia ka hana maoli o ka Air Force version of unmanned aerial warfare - a e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā hana kaua drone CIA i kēia ʻōnaehana.
ʻO ka puʻuwai o nā hana kaua drone he mea hoʻokahi pilote a me kahi mea hoʻohana sensor (kamera), e noho maʻamau ma hope o kēlā me kēia mau kaukani mile mai ka hana ma kahi kahua Air Force e like me. Creech ma Nevada a i ole pū ma Nu Mekiko. Ma laila, hoʻohana lākou i nā drones Predator a Reaper ma luna o nā ʻāina e like me Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Somalia, Syria, a i ʻole Yemen. Loaʻa paha i kekahi o lākou ka mana ma luna o nā missiles Hellfire ma luna o ka moku, akā hewa paha ke manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea like o kēia mau lā me ka Lone Ranger a me kāna ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, ʻo Tonto.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, loaʻa paha i kahi "combat air patrol" maʻamau 186 pākahi e hana ana ma ia mea. No ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka mea hoʻokele a me ka mea hoʻokele sensor e hoʻokumu i ka "element-control element," pono lākou i kahi "launch-and-recovery element" ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka honua e hoʻokau kino i nā drones a hoʻihoʻi iā lākou i nā kahua ma Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. E like me ka nui o ka pūʻali koa US i kēia manawa, ʻo kēia hana kōa i nā hui e like me Raytheon o Massachusetts.
A mai poina i kekahi pūʻulu koʻikoʻi: ʻo nā kiʻi kiʻi a me nā mea noiʻi naʻauao e nānā ana i nā kiʻi wikiō e hoʻomālamalama ana nā drones mai ko lākou mau wahi i manaʻo ʻia. Aia lākou ma nā kahua ʻē aʻe ma US
Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia lālā o ka hui mokulele kahi inoa Air Force e kuhikuhi ana i kāna hana. Ua ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻokele 18Xs, ʻo nā mea hoʻokele sensor 1Us, a ʻo ka poʻe loiloi kiʻi 1N1s. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana a me ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana he mau mea hoʻokele drone mua i haʻalele i ka Air Force no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hana pālua e like me ka nui o ke kālā e hana ana ma nā ʻāina ʻē no nā ʻaelike pilikino.
ʻO ka luna hoʻokele o ka mokulele he luna hoʻokele mokulele a me kahi luna hoʻonohonoho ʻike mikiona nāna e hōʻike i kahi luna o ka ea a me ka lewa. Eia kekahi, aia "palekana" nānā a lunakanawai kokua (ʻōlelo pūʻali koa no nā loio) i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo ʻana e hoʻomaka i kahi missile e hana ʻia e like me nā "rules of engagement" i hoʻopuka ʻia a no laila e hopena i ka helu liʻiliʻi o nā make kīwila. Hoʻonoho pinepine ʻia lākou ma ka Hui Pū ʻIa Hana ʻEwa a me Space ma al-Udeid Air Base ma Qatar.
Akā ʻaʻole lele kaʻawale nā Predators a me Reapers. Holo lākou ma nā pūʻulu o nā mokulele ʻehā i kapa ʻia ʻo "kaua ea patrols." Manaʻo ʻia ʻekolu o lākou i ka lewa i kēlā me kēia manawa, e waiho ana i hoʻokahi ma ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana. A mākaʻikaʻi piha Pono e loaʻa i 59 mau kānaka ma ke kahua e hana ana i ka hoʻomaka a me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, 45 e hana ana i ka mana misionari, a me 82 e hana ana i ka ʻikepili i hōʻiliʻili ʻia.
E hoʻomanaʻo i ka hana ʻana o ka Air Force i kēia manawa 65 ia mau huakaʻi lele kaua a puni ka uaki, a ke hana nei paha ka Central Intelligence Agency i kekahi mau mea hou aku. (He mea hiki ke lele like nā ʻelua i nā mikiona āpau, akā ʻaʻohe o mākou ala e ʻike ai inā pēlā.) ʻO nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolei i ka manaʻo o ka pilot drone lone a hoʻāʻo e lawe i ka nui a me ka paʻakikī (e like me e like me nā pilikia) o ke kaua drone i kēia lā.
ʻO kēia, ma ke ala, ʻo ia ke kumu e inaina ai nā luna o ka Air Force i ka huaʻōlelo ʻoihana kaulana no nā mokulele drone: "kaʻa mokulele ʻole." Hoʻomaopopo pololei ka pūʻali koa i nā drones i kēlā me kēia ʻano manaʻo. Inā he mea, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo lākou nui-manned, ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me, e ʻōlelo, kahi mokulele F-16 kuʻuna. (ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka huaʻōlelo koa i makemake ʻia ʻo "mokulele hoʻokele mamao. ")
Pehea ka PTSD e pā ai i ka papahana Drone
I ka uhi ʻana i nā kaua drone o Wakinekona, ua hoʻomau ka media i ka zero ma luna o ke kaulahao pepehi: ʻo Pelekikena Obama, ʻo ia kēlā me kēia Pōʻalua hōʻike i kahi "papa inoa pepehi" o nā kānaka e lawe ʻia e nā pahu pahu; ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo nui CIA e pono e kau inoa i kēlā me kēia hoʻoholo (John Rizzo hana i kēia, no ka laʻana); a Michael D'Andrea, ka limahana CIA nāna i mālama i ka papa inoa o ka poʻe e pepehi ʻia a hiki i kona pani ʻia ʻana e ʻO Chris Wood i ka makahiki aku nei.
I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻike kēia mau mea hoʻoholo i ka piko o ka drone pyramid ma hope o ka mea e hana ʻia ma ka honua. ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o ke kaua drone, ʻo ia nā mea loiloi kiʻi haʻahaʻa 1N1. ʻOiai ke hoʻokūkū nei nā pailaka e hoʻopaʻa paʻa i kā lākou mokulele i ke au o ka ea ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike kino a ke hoʻopololei nei nā mea hoʻokele sensor i nā kāmera e hahai i nā poʻe he nui e neʻe ana ma ka ʻāina, ʻike ʻia ke kiʻi piha i nā kiʻi a me nā mea loiloi naʻauao. Ke nānā mau nei lākou i ka manawa maoli a me nā kiʻi drone i hala a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka ʻikepili nānā e ʻike inā hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i nā mea hoʻoweliweli.
ʻO ka hapa nui o lākou i ka wā ʻōpio a ʻoi iki paha me ka makahiki hoʻokahi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa koa. Ua hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia lākou e nā mea hoʻokele drone, nā luna me nā kekelē a me nā makahiki o ke aʻo ʻana ma ka Air Force Academy, ka mea e huki maʻamau i ke kumu ma kahi missile Hellfire.
E hoʻohui i kēia kiʻi i hoʻokahi mea ʻoiaʻiʻo: ua pōkole ka Air Force i nā poʻe e hana i kēlā hana a losing ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā mea hou. ʻO ka hopena, ke hana nei nā kaua drone o Wakinekona ma kahi o ʻelua hapakolu o ka mea a ka Air Force e manaʻo ai i nā pae limahana kūpono. ʻO kēia ka manaʻo e manaʻo ʻia nā limahana drone e hana i nā hoʻololi ʻelua a me ka hana ʻekolu. Ma keʻano he alakaʻi drone hoʻokahi wehewehe i kahi mea kākau moʻolelo Air Force: “ʻO kāu papa hana he 12 mau hola, ʻeono lā o ka pule. Pono ʻoe e hoʻomaha i ʻekolu lā ma hope o kēlā, akā hoʻokahi wale nō lā hoʻomaha. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke lawe i kāu mau lā hoʻomaha makahiki he 30 - ua laki ʻoe i ka loaʻa ʻana o 10. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi kaiāulu non-vol[unteer], he aha kāu e manaʻo ai? ʻAʻole ia he wahi hauʻoli.
Ke hoʻomaka nei kēia poʻe hana ʻoi loa, ʻaʻole i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia, uku ʻole ʻia, nā limahana drone ʻōpio loa e ʻike i ka trauma psychological mai ka ʻike ʻana i nā misionari pepehi ʻole. ʻO lākou ka poʻe e ʻike a pono e noho me nā hiʻohiʻona weliweli o ka mea i kapa ʻole ʻia ʻo "collateral damage."
"Hoʻokomo pinepine lākou i nā hana kahi a lākou e ʻike ai a hana i nā hoʻoholo e alakaʻi ai i ka luku ʻana i nā ʻenemi hakakā a me nā waiwai," ʻo Dr. Wayne Chappelle, he kanaka psychologist Air Force, kakau iho la i ʻAukake 2013 pukana o Ke Kauka Kaua. "Hiki iā lākou ke pili i ka poʻe a lākou e hahai ai, ʻike i ke kaumaha mai ka nalowale ʻana o nā lālā pili i ka honua, a ʻike i ke kaumaha / mihi i ka wā e hana ai nā mikiona i ka pōʻino collateral a i ʻole ke kumu fratricide. Hiki paha i nā mea hoʻohana drone ke ʻike i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā mea kaua a me ka ʻike ʻana i ka wikiō wikiō o ke kaua e like me nā hanana koʻikoʻi loa. "
Ua hōʻike mua nā haʻawina a Chappelle i ka piʻi ʻana o ka maʻi maʻi post-traumatic stress (PTSD) i waena o kēia mau limahana. Ke hana nei ʻo ia i nā haʻawina hou e pili ana i ka nānā pono ʻana i ka mea o lākou i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia, i ka manawa o ka hoʻoholo ʻana, a no ke aha. Manaʻo ka Air Force e hiki iā Chappelle ke kōkua iā lākou e hōʻemi i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka PTSD - kahi a lākou e nalowale nei i nā limahana - ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻōlelo aʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka poʻe psychologists a me nā kahuna pule e hana pū ana me nā mea hana drone e aʻo iā lākou i kā lākou mau ʻike traumatic. A i ʻole, ke alo nei ia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kāna mau misionari, e hoʻokō ana i kahi koi e ulu nei no ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā drone hou aʻe i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, a me kahi hanana hou pū kekahi: ke ulu nei ka hoʻohewa a me ke kūʻē ʻana i kāna mīkini pepehi mai loko mai.
ʻO Cian Westmoreland, ʻaʻole ia i komo i ka hana hoʻokūkū ikaika, akā naʻe maʻamau. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia e ʻike nei ʻo ia i nā moeʻuhane e pili ana i ka 200 a i ʻole "pepehi" i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia i kākoʻo. E like me ia kakau iho la i kēia manawa, "Ua hoʻomaka wau e moeʻuhane e pili ana i nā pōkā. Ua moeʻuhane au ua ʻike au i kahi kaikamahine e uē ana ma luna o ke kino ma ka honua. Nānā au i lalo a he wahine. Nānā wau i ke kaikamahine a haʻi aku iā ia ua kala wau. Nānā au i koʻu mau lima a ʻaʻahu au i koʻu [ʻaʻahu kaua. Ua uhi ʻia lākou i ke koko o kona makuahine.
Na nā moeʻuhane o Westmoreland i hoʻoikaika iā ia e ʻōlelo - a ʻo ia wale nō kekahi o ka nui o nā poʻe koa Air Force i koho e hana pēlā. Ua haʻi mai kekahi kanaka loiloi kiʻi aʻu i nīnau pinepine ai, ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā limahana ʻōpio i ko lākou ʻike ʻana i nā kānaka kīwila, me nā wahine a me nā keiki, i ka laina ahi.
"Inā makemake maoli ka pilote, hiki iā lākou ke haʻalele iā mākou a paʻi i ke pihi me ka ʻole o kā mākou ʻae ʻana," i hoʻohui ai ka mea loiloi. "Maikaʻi ʻole mākou no ka mea makaʻu nā airmen i nā luna. He kaulahao kauoha ʻole ia.
ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ʻo ka poʻe whistleblower e hele mai nei ʻaʻole ia he mau pailaka a me nā luna akā ʻo nā limahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa i nā hui drone.
PTSD ma ka Honua Wild West
ʻO ka trauma o ke kaua pākaukau mai ka voyeurism o ka nānā ʻana i ka make he mau tausani mile ka mamao a hiki, i kekahi mau hihia, ke hoʻolohe ʻia a hoʻopau ʻia. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo like ʻia no nā ʻike o nā kaiāulu i manaʻo ʻia.
Ua ʻōlelo pinepine ka poʻe loea ma Wakinekona ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā alakaʻi o al-Qaeda kiʻekiʻe ma Pakistan a me Yemen i hōʻemi i ka weliweli i kēia mau kaiāulu, akā ʻo nā haʻawina maoli ma ka ʻāina e hōʻike ana he ʻoiaʻiʻo ka ʻokoʻa.
I ka mahina i hala aku nei, ʻo Alkarama (ʻo ia hoʻi ka inoa "hanohano") - kahi hui pono kanaka i hoʻokumu ʻia ma Geneva e loea i ka honua Arab - paʻi "Nā Lani Hoʻopilikia, "he hōʻike kūikawā e pili ana i ka hopena o nā drones ma Yemen. Ua ninaninau ʻia hoʻokahi haneli mau mea komo mai nā kauhale o Qawl a me al-Sirin ma waena o Iulai a me Sepatemaba i ka makahiki i hala a loiloi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana like ʻo American Psychiatric Association no PTSD i hoʻohana ʻia e ka hui o Chappelle ma nā mea loiloi drone.
"Ke ʻike ʻia nei ka hapa nui o ka poʻe pane makua e loaʻa ana i nā hōʻailona drone-inflicted o PTSD, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki," wahi a Radidja Nemar, ka luna kānāwai kūloko o Alkarama no nā ʻāina ʻo Gulf. "Ua ʻoi aku ke kūlana i ka nīnau e pili ana i ka nalowale ʻana o kekahi ʻohana i ka hoʻouka kaua drone, no ka mea ua lilo ka trauma i loko o kahi kaiāulu e noho mau ana ma lalo o ka makaʻu i nā drones."
ʻOkoʻa ko lākou kūlana mai ko nā pailaka a i ʻole nā mea loiloi e hiki ke haʻalele i kā lākou hana ke hoʻomaka lākou e ʻeha. ʻAʻole loaʻa i ka poʻe pōʻino nā koho like. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke pakele i nā drones e kani mau ana i luna. "ʻO ka mea maʻamau i ka hapa nui o nā hihia, ʻo ia ka manaʻo ʻaʻohe waiwai o ke ola a hiki ke make i kēlā me kēia manawa a me ke kumu ʻole ʻole," i kākau ai kekahi o nā mea noiʻi noiʻi Yemeni. "Ke pale nei kēia manaʻo like i ka hapa nui o nā hana i kēlā me kēia lā ma nā kauhale a hopena i ka hopohopo a me ka makaʻu mau. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ke kūlana ola ma ka laulā, e like me ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia i ka nele o nā lawelawe mālama olakino a me ka ʻeha o ka noʻonoʻo o ka lehulehu, ke hoʻonui nei i ko lākou manaʻo nui o ka manaʻolana ʻole, ka huhū, a me ka hopohopo. "
ʻO ka poʻe i hoʻopiʻi nui ʻia he mau wahine, ʻo kekahi no ka mea ua manaʻo lākou ua hōʻino nā drones i ko lākou haʻahaʻa. Ua hōʻike nā kaikamāhine i ka pakeneka kiʻekiʻe loa o ka hiamoe ʻole a me nā moeʻuhane. ʻAʻole i liʻiliʻi ka hopena i ke ola o nā wahine i kēlā me kēia lā, ua ʻoi aku ka palena ma mua o nā kāne. ʻO Atiqa, he makuahine 55 makahiki o ʻekolu, no ka laʻana, ua wehewehe ʻo ia ua ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kāna mau pilikia koko, koi ʻia ʻo ia e noho ma kahi moe no kekahi mau lā i ka manawa. Ua hōʻike ʻo Fatima, he makuahine he 40 ona mau makahiki ʻelima, ʻaʻole hiki i nā wahine e like me ia ke hauʻoli i nā manawa liʻiliʻi e hiki ai iā lākou ke hālāwai me nā wahine ʻē aʻe, e like me mare, no ka makaʻu e hana ʻia kēlā mau hui e like me nā drone magnets.
Ua puka mai nā hōʻike like mai Pakistan mai, wahi a Kauka Mukhtar-ul-Haq, ke poʻo o ka ʻoihana psychiatry ma Peshawar's Lady Reading Hospital. Ua aʻo ʻo ia i ka hopena o ke kaua drone ma Waziristan, kahi ʻāina palena ʻohana kokoke i Afghanistan. "ʻO ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e hōʻike nei i ka makaʻu mau i ka hoʻouka kaua drone i ke ao a me ka pō," Dr. Haq mai la ma kahi kelepona kūkā wikiō i mālama ʻia e Alkarama e hōʻailona i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kāna hōʻike Yemen. "ʻO ka walaʻau mau ka mea e ʻike ai lākou i ka ʻeha o ka naʻau a me nā hōʻailona o ka hopohopo. Hōʻike pinepine lākou iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano o ka maʻi kino, ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, a me ka pepehi kanaka.
ʻO Brandon Bryant i hui pū me ka hui kūkā Alkarama, he mea hoʻokele sensor Air Force mua, ua ʻike i ka PTSD, mahalo i kāna hana me nā drones. Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoʻokahi o nā ʻōlelo hoʻohewa nui loa i ka papahana pepehi kanaka o Wakinekona. "Ke nānā wale nei ke alakaʻi i kēia papahana ma ke ʻano he helu-helu… ehia ka poʻe i pepehi ʻia," wahi a ʻO Bryant nona ka hui i komo i 2,300 pepehi kanaka. Ua manaʻo ʻo ia ua pepehi pilikino ʻo ia i 13 mau kānaka me nā missiles Hellfire. "ʻAʻole lākou mālama i nā kānaka e hana nei i ka hana a i ʻole nā kānaka i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hana."
ʻOiai ʻaʻole lāua i lawelawe pū, ua ʻike koke ʻo Bryant lāua ʻo Westmoreland i ka hana a kekahi i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni Drone na ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni Norewai ʻo Tonje Schei. Ua hui pū nā koa ʻelua Air Force e ʻimi i ka pono no nā kaiāulu i hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ua hoʻonohonoho lākou i kahi hui pūnaewele o nā whistleblowers palekana aupuni a me kā lākou poʻe kākoʻo, hāʻawi iā ia i ka inoa koko hōʻailona o Papahana Lima ʻulaʻula. Ma o ia mea ke kāhea nei lākou i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe mai ka papahana drone e hui pū me lākou i ka ʻōlelo ʻana.
"He nui ka poʻe o mākou i nānā i lalo i kekahi lā e ʻike i ko mākou mau lima i pena ʻulaʻula," kākau lākou i loko o ka hui huakaʻi ʻōlelo. "I ka poe a makou e kuhikuhi aku nei i ka makou mau olelo, aole makou he enemi no oukou. He aniani wale nō mākou. Ma o ko mākou mau lima ʻulaʻula ke ʻimi wale nei mākou e hōʻike iā ʻoe i kou noʻonoʻo. Manaʻo mākou he pono ka ʻoiaʻiʻo i kāna moʻolelo ponoʻī. Manaʻolana mākou e kū pū kekahi poʻe e like me ʻoe a hui pū me mākou i kā mākou hana. He hōʻike ola nō hoʻi mākou aia ke ola ma hope o kēia, a inā ʻoe e hilinaʻi iā mākou, e hōʻike mākou iā ʻoe i kahi honua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ma ke kākoʻo ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana koa a me ka papahana kaua drone aloha o Wakinekona, ʻo Bryant a me Westmoreland paha ka poʻe e lawe nei i ka hana maʻamau Wild West o ka Lone Ranger a me Tonto. Ua holo lākou i loko o nā ʻāina ʻino o ka mokuʻāina palekana aupuni e kūʻē i ka pono ʻole o kahi ʻōnaehana pepehi kanaka e hele ana ma nā wahi nui o ka honua. I ke alo o kēlā papahana implacable, hiki i kekahi ke manaʻolana e loaʻa iā lākou kā lākou mau pōkā kālā.
ʻO Pratap Chatterjee, a ʻO TomDispatch maʻamau, ka luna hoʻokō o CorpWatch. ʻO ia ke kumu o ʻO ka Pūʻali Koa o Halliburton: Pehea kahi hui ʻoihana aila a Texas e hoʻohuli nei i ke ala e kaua ai ʻo ʻAmelika. ʻO kāna puke hou aʻe, ʻO Verax, he mea kālaiʻike kiʻi e pili ana i nā whistleblowers a me kaʻike nui a kākauʻia e Khalil Bendib, e paʻiʻia e Metropolitan Books ma 2016.
Ua ʻike mua ʻia kēia ʻatikala ma TomDispatch.com, he weblog o ka Nation Institute, e hāʻawi ana i kahi kahe mau o nā kumu ʻē aʻe, nā nūhou, a me nā manaʻo mai Tom Engelhardt, ka mea hoʻoponopono lōʻihi i ka paʻi ʻana, ka mea nāna i hoʻokumu i ka American Empire Project, ka mea kākau o ʻO ka hopena o ka moʻomeheu lanakila, e like me ka moʻolelo, The Last Days of Publishing. ʻO kāna puke hou loa ʻo Shadow Government: Surveillance, Secret Wars, and a Global Security State in a Single-Superpower World (Haymarket Books).
Hāʻawi kālā ʻia ʻo ZNetwork ma o ka lokomaikaʻi o kāna poʻe heluhelu.
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