In The Times ngesonto eledlule U-Hugo Rifkind ujikijele ababhikishi ababebhikisha engqungqutheleni ye-G20 ukuze "bakhe ingxabano ehambisanayo" futhi "baphakamise enye indlela engase ibe khona emnothweni wezwe esikhundleni sokuvele ubambe ngakho futhi ushaye amakhwela egazi lakho".
Abafundi abahlekisayo be-neo-liberalism bavame ukuthokozela ukuhleka usulu abagxeki nge-caricature. Ngakho-ke ngiyalamukela leli thuba ukuveza ukuthi asizange nje sinikeze izizathu ezizwakalayo zokuthi kungani ukukhululeka kwezimali kanye nohwebo kubhebhethekisa ukungalingani komhlaba wonke, kodwa sabikezela ukuthi kuzofakazela futhi ukuthi kuzophazamisa. Asizange nje siphikisane ngokuthi izimakethe zamasheya kanye namabhamuza ezakhiwo awazona izinto ezithatha indawo yokutshalwa kwezimali okukhiqizayo, kodwa sabikezela ukuthi lawa mabhamuza azovela, ashiye umonakalo ngemva kwawo. Futhi sabikezela ukuthi, noma yini umuntu angase ayisho mayelana nezimakethe ngokuvamile, ezezimali zemakethe yamahhala kanye nemvelo yemakethe yamahhala kwakuyizingozi ezilindele ukwenzeka.
Ngiyazwelana nesililo sika-Rifkind sokuthi, ngenxa yokuthi asikwazanga ukubikezela usuku okuzokwenzeka ngalo inhlekelele, bekungenakwenzeka ukuthi aqiniseke ngezixwayiso zethu - kodwa nginokuzisola okufanayo nakimi.
Nokho u-Rifkind nabanye balungile ukubuza ukuthi sifunani esikhundleni. Impendulo yethu ilula: sifuna ukunika abantu amandla okuzivikela kanye nemvelo emonakalweni odalwe yi-neo-liberal capitalism. Kodwa futhi sifuna ukufaka esikhundleni sezomnotho wokuncintisana nokuhaha ngezomnotho wokubambisana ngokulinganayo ukuze singalwi kuze kube phakade izimpi zokuzivikela ukunciphisa ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nokungabi nabulungisa kwezomnotho, ngakho-ke akufanele sesabe ukuthi inhlekelele efana nalena izokwenzeka. futhi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "sinezimpikiswano ezihambisanayo" kanye "nezinye izindlela ezingenzeka" mayelana nendlela yokwenza kokubili.
Vele, uma u-Rifkind ecela umbonisi ogqoke "izingubo ze-hemp nokubhoboza okubi" ukuthi aveze iziphakamiso, cishe uzodumala. Azokuzwa ukuklabalasa okukhulu kwentukuthelo yokulunga enhlekeleleni eyayingakaze yenzeke. Kodwa vakashela amawebhusayithi anoma iyiphi izikhungo zomnotho ezihlonishwayo, ezithuthukayo, noma ufunde okushicilelwe kwanoma iyiphi inombolo yosomnotho abaqavile abalokotha ukugqashula emigomeni ye-neo-liberal - okuhlanganisa abawine imiklomelo kaNobel bakamuva - futhi uzothola ezinye izindlela eziningi eziphathekayo.
Isinyathelo 1: Kuze kuthathelwe indawo yobungxiwankulu, sifuna umsila uyeke ukunyakazisa inja. Ezezimali kufanele zisebenzele umnotho wangempela esikhundleni sokunye. Uma umkhakha wezezimali uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komnotho wangempela, kuyasiza. Kodwa uma iqondisa kabi izinsiza zokutshala izimali lapho zingakhiqizi kakhulu, kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa emnothweni wangempela ngokuvimbela ukuhamba kwezikweletu ngokuphelele. Khona-ke iyehluleka ukufeza injongo yayo yezenhlalo okuwukuphela kwayo. Imisebenzi ekhiqiza izimpahla eziwusizo kanye nezinsizakalo, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okusisiza ukuba sikhiqize esikudingayo ngokukhandleka kwabantu okuncane kanye nokucindezeleka okuncane endaweni ezungezile, yikho okubalulekile. Ukwenyuka kwamazinga enzuzo kanye namanani amasheya ezinkampani zezimali kubala ize uma zehluleka ukuhambisana nokwenyuka kwangempela kokukhiqiza, njengoba kuye kwenzeka kaningi.
Sinikeze izindlela ezimbalwa ezinhle esikhundleni sokukhulula izimali kanye nezinhlaka ezibusayo nezinqubomgomo ze-International Monetary Fund (IMF) kanye neBhange Lomhlaba, njengokulawulwa kwezimali ezinkulu kanye nentela kaTobin ukuvikela umnotho omncane ekugelezeni kokuqagela okuguquguqukayo. Senze iziphakamiso zokuthi ohulumeni bakazwelonke bangabuyisela kanjani ukulawulwa okunekhono kwemikhakha yabo yezezimali evamile, futhi sagcizelela ukuphuthuma kokwelulwa kwemithetho ukuze kubhekelelwe izikhungo zezezimali ezintsha ezavunyelwa ukukhula ngaphandle kwezinhlaka ezikhona zokulawula.
Ngokungafani ne-neo-liberals, okungaqondakali ukuthi basaphethe ukuphatha impendulo enkingeni yezezimali eyadalwa yizinqubomgomo zabo, asiqhubeki nenkolelo-mbono ye-Utopian yokuthi izimpahla ezinobuthi empeleni aziyona into enobuthi. Inkinga ukuthi imboni ivunyelwe ukuzimbela emgodini ojule kangangokuthi izikhungo zezezimali eziningi sezifile lapho zifika (i-DOA) - futhi akekho owaziyo ukuthi zingaki izimali ezidluliswa ingcebo zisuka kubakhokhintela ziyiswa kumabhalansi abo okuzodingeka ukuzenza. i-solvent futhi.
Impendulo ye-neo-liberal eyokuthi abakhokhi bentela bakhokhe imali eningi kakhulu kunentengo emakethe yezimpahla ezinobuthi eziningi njengoba amabhange ethi kufanele badayise ngaphambi kokuba bacabange ukuthi bangaqala ukuboleka futhi. Ukuthi uxhaso luthatha uhlobo lokuthengwa kwezimpahla ezinobuthi kuMgcinimafa wase-US, njengoba uNobhala u-Paulson, owayenguNobhala Womgcinimafa, ehlongoza, noma "ubambiswano lomphakathi oluyimfihlo" lapho i-Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation kanye ne-Federal Reserve zihlinzeka ngomshwalense wamahhala ngokumelene nengozi ephansi ukuze iyenge. ukubamba iqhaza kwangasese, njengoba uNobhala uGeithner, uNobhala wamanje woMgcinimafa, ehlongozile, isisombululo se-neo-liberal siyefana: qhubeka nokusebenzisa imithamo emikhulu kakhulu yokwelashwa kokushaqeka ngogesi ezigulini ze-DOA nakuba lungekho uphawu lokuthi zizophila, futhi nakuba ijeneretha inomthamo olinganiselwe futhi iyadingeka kuso sonke isibhedlela.
Esikhundleni sokutakulwa ngaphandle kwemikhawulo engase yehluleke ukuvuselela iziguli kunoma yikuphi, siphakamisa ukuthi umphakathi uthathe izikhungo zezezimali ezihlulekile. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthenga kukahulumeni amasheya amaningi ngamanani emakethe amanje, bese kuqokwa abaphathi abasha ukuze benze izinqubomgomo ezintsha zokuboleka. Noma kungenziwa, njengoba bekwenziwa izikhathi eziningi ngaphambili, ngokuqothuka okulandelwa ukudayiswa kwempahla ezikhungweni ezinempilo. Kunoma ikuphi, izindleko kumkhokhintela zizoba ngaphansi kakhulu kunokukhishwa kwebheyili okungapheli. Kunoma ikuphi, siyazi ukuthi ikhredithi izoqala ukugeleza futhi.
Futhi uma singazikhulula enganekwaneni yokuthi "abathakathi bezezimali" abafake le nkinga yibo kuphela abahlakaniphe ngokwanele ukunquma mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zomphakathi zokutshala izimali, nokuthi bangakhetha ngokuhlakanipha kuphela lapho besebenzela izikhungo zezimali ezizimele. ezibakhokhela amabhonasi amahle, singase sizithole sinomkhakha wezezimali oqala ukusebenzela intshisekelo yomphakathi.
Esikhundleni somkhakha wezezimali ohlose ukuhlanganisa izinsiza zokutshalwa kwezimali zomphakathi zibe amabhamuza emakethe yamasheya kanye nezakhiwo, singase sizithole sinesistimu yezezimali entsha esakaza ukonga lapho idingeka khona kakhulu - ukutshalwa kwezimali emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo nokongiwa kwamandla okudingekayo ukuze kuguqulwe. umnotho wethu we-fossil-guzzling fuel ungene emnothweni ongathathi hlangothi ngaphambi kokuba sife.
Isinyathelo 2: Sifuna umfutho wezezimali wosayizi owanele ukunqanda ukuwohloka komnotho kube ukudangala okubi nakakhulu. Inqubomgomo yezimali ku
Isinyathelo 3: Sifuna ezomnotho eziconsisa amathe, hhayi ezomnotho ezidla lubi. Sifuna ukwabiwa kabusha okumangalisayo kwemali engenayo nengcebo ehlehlisa inkambiso yeminyaka engama-30 edlule ngoba ilungile, futhi futhi ngoba yenza ubunxiwankulu bungabi sengozini ngokuhlinzeka ngomthombo othembekile wesidingo samabhizinisi anelisa izidingo zabantu abavamile.
Sifuna uhlelo lwezenhlalakahle oluxhaswa ngokwanele ngezimali futhi oluphatha amakhasimende ngesithunzi nangenhlonipho. Sifuna imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwawo wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kwezimali zomuntu. Futhi sifuna ukuthi konke lokhu kukhokhwe ngezintela eziqhubekayo zemali engenayo nengcebo. Siyazi ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka ngokuphelele futhi kungazuzwa ngezinqubomgomo ezizanywe kahle. Okubalulekile okungekuhle kuphela okuvela emandleni abantu abacebile abacebile ukuphoqa intando yabo okuma endleleni yokuyifeza.
Kodwa u-Rifkind ufuna ukwazi ukuthi sinayo yini enye indlela yokuphatha i-capitalism, hhayi nje enye ye-neo-liberal capitalism. Yebo, siyakwenza.
Isiqubulo sethu esithi "umhlaba ongcono uyenzeka" sisho ukuthi siyenqaba umnotho wokuncintisana nokuhaha njengesidingo somuntu futhi samukele ithuba lokubambisana ngokulinganayo kwezomnotho. Lezi zindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga zethu zomnotho zihluke kakhulu. Enye indlela egqugquzela abantu ngokwesaba nokuhaha futhi yenze sengathi ukuncintisana kwemakethe kungase kuthenjelwe kukho ukuze kugobe ukuziphatha okuzikhukhumezayo ukuze kufezeke izithakazelo zomphakathi, kuyilapho ngokuvamile akunjalo. Enye indlela ihlela abantu ukuthi bahlele ukwabiwa kwabo kwezabasebenzi futhi baxoxisane ngendlela yokwabelana ngezinzuzo zokusebenza kahle ngokwenza kanjalo ngokulinganayo. Le ndlela igqugquzela abantu ukuthi basebenze emisebenzini engajabulisi ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi badle kancane kunalokho abebekufisa ngezinye izikhathi, ngoba bavumile ukwenza kanjalo, bevikelekile olwazini abanye abayenzayo ngokufanayo. Amandla agqugquzela umhlaba wethu wezomnotho ukubamba iqhaza nokungenzeleli, akusekho ukwesaba nokuhaha.
Kukhona isivumelwano phakathi kwethu sokuthi izinqumo zezomnotho kufanele zenziwe ngentando yeningi, hhayi abantu abaphakeme noma bayeke ukuhwebelana. Sizophinde futhi sinikeze abasebenzi, abathengi kanye nezindawo ukuzimela kokuthatha izinqumo kunendlela yakudala yokuhlela umnotho ebivunyelwe.
Kodwa, akumangalisi ukuthi kunemibono ehlukene yokuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi ngaphambi kokushabalala komnotho wamaKhomanisi abantu abaningi ababemelene nonxiwankulu babevele babheke kuleyo minotho ukuze bathole izimpendulo, nokuthi ngemva kokuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin abantu abaningi bayeka ukucabanga ngezinye izindlela ezingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sobunxiwankulu, kuyamangaza ukuthi ingakanani inqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe. Umsebenzi omningi wokwenza imibono ibe amamodeli aqinile, ukuqhathanisa ukufana nokuhluka, nokuhlola amandla kanye nobuthakathaka bezinqubo ezahlukene ukuze kuqondiswe ukubambisana ngokulinganayo usuvele wenzekile, futhi ijubane lalo msebenzi lizokhula ngokuqinisekile ngenxa yesithakazelo esivuselelwe.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, imibono yokuthi ungazibandakanya kanjani ekubambisaneni ngokulinganayo iye yahlolwa ezivivinyweni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba wangempela emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule. Ukubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzi kanye nobunikazi obuyingxenye kumafemu onxiwankulu, imifelandawonye yabakhiqizi kanye nabathengi, ezolimo ezisekelwa umphakathi, isabelomali esibambe iqhaza (saphayona e-Kerala, e-India, nase-Porto, e-Alegre, e-Brazil), emiphakathini "yenhloso" elinganayo futhi esimeme, ubumbano lwezomnotho, okunye. izinhlelo zemali nokunye ukuthuthukiswa kuye kwakhuthazwa ukuxhumana nezinkundla zokuxhumana emhlabeni wonke nasezifundeni, ohulumeni abanobungane emazweni amaningana aseLatin America, futhi manje ngenxa yezinkinga zezomnotho ezishiye izigidigidi ukuze zizinakekele. Okuningi kwalokhu akubikwanga emithonjeni yezindaba ejwayelekile, ngenxa yokuthi akuhambisani kahle nohlaka lwenkulumompikiswano yezomnotho echazwe yiMpi Yomshoshaphansi kabi, isikhathi eside.
Ababhikishi emigwaqweni yaseLondon kuleli sonto, kanye nezigidi zethu ezibasekelayo, bacabanga ukuthi ubukhomanisi bobushiqela noma i-neo-liberal capitalism akuyona impendulo ezinkingeni zethu zezomnotho. Ukuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin ngo-1989 kwabonisa ukuphela kokusekelwa kwezombangazwe ekuhleleni kobugunyazi - ngaphandle kwaphakathi kwemibono ye-diehards.
Sethemba ukuthi lesi simo esibucayi somnotho sizokwehlisa ukwesekwa kwe-neo-liberal capitalism kube yiqembu elingasenawo amandla. Sibheke ngabomvu usuku lapho amandla ezinhlangano zezenhlalakahle esizisizile ekwakheni ephoqa izinhlangano zezombusazwe ukuthi zilahle i-neo-liberal capitalism emgqonyeni womlando kanye nobukhomanisi obunamandla. Khonamanjalo, simatasa sakha umnotho omusha wokubambisana ngokulinganayo. Abanye bethu bakhela emkhakheni wemibono, ukuze kuthi uma umbutho omkhulu usulungile ube nenqwaba yemibono ehlolisiswe kahle yokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukubambisana ngokulingana ongakhetha kukho.
Abaningi bethu bakha izivivinyo eziphilayo ngokubambisana ngokulinganayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziya ngokuya zinganakwa ngenxa yesimiso somnotho esifayo. Sihleke uma uthanda. Noma ungangena futhi unikeze isandla. Iziphakamiso zamukelekile njalo, futhi kunomsebenzi omningi owenele wawo wonke umuntu.
URobin Hahnel unguSolwazi Emeritus e-American University kanye noProfessor Ovakashelayo ePortland State University. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi Ubulungiswa bezomnotho kanye nentando yeningi. Ungumbhali kanye noMichael Albert we Umnotho Wezombangazwe Womnotho Obambe iqhaza.
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