Ezinsukwini ezimbili kusukela okhethweni lukazwelonke lwase-Brazil olungo-Okthoba 5 , izindaba ezinkulu kube ukwanda okukhulu kokwesekwa kuka-Marina Silva, owayengungqongqoshe kahulumeni we-Workers' Party (PT) kanye nesishoshovu sezemvelo, kanti ezinye izinhlolovo zazibikezela ukuthi angase agcine ewunqobile umjaho wobumongameli. .
Umongameli osesikhundleni kanye nekhandidethi le-PT u-Dilma Rousseff usalokhu ehola kancane edlula i-Marina, kodwa ukhetho cishe luzodlulela kumzuliswano wesibili wokuhlungela u-Okthoba 26.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, izinkomba zamanje zikhomba ukuthi uMarina usethubeni lokuwina, okuyisenzo esimangalisayo uma kubhekwa ukuthi esikhathini esingaphezudlwana kwenyanga edlule ubengeyena ngisho nokhetho lukamongameli.
Ukuqokwa kwakhe kwenzeke kuphela ngenxa yokufa kwangomhla ka-Agasti 13 kokhandidethi lukamongameli we-PSB u-Eduardo Campos. Njengoba ngaphambilini ethathe isikhundla sokuba yiphini likamongameli njengengxenye yesivumelwano phakathi kwe-PSB neqembu lakhe elingabhalisiwe, iSustainability Network, uMarina wakhushulelwa esikhundleni esiphezulu.
Kusukela lapho ingcebo ye-PSB okhethweni iye yanda: ngenkathi uCampos evotela cishe i-10%, lesi sibalo siphindeke kabili ngokushesha nje lapho uMarina ethatha izintambo. Ukuvota kwakamuva kunikeza u-Marina phakathi kuka-30-35%, okusho ukuthi i-PSB iphushele eceleni iqembu eliphikisayo elingakwesokudla, i-Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), futhi okwamanje ihlezi endaweni yesibili.
Ipolitiki kaMarina
UMarina akamusha kwezombusazwe zase-Brazil. Isizinda sakhe sinjengesishoshovu semvelo sesikhathi eside esasilwa ndawonye noChico Mendes, owabulawelwa umsebenzi wakhe wokukhankasela ukuvikela ihlathi lase-Amazon.
Abaningi bakubheke kahle ukuqokwa kwakhe njengongqongqoshe wezemvelo kuhulumeni wokuqala ngqa we-PT, oholwa nguLuiz Ignacio Lula de Silva. Nokho, ngo-2008, njengoba uhulumeni we-PT egcwele amahlazo enkohlakalo, wesula esikhundleni sakhe.
Phakathi kwezizathu azibone ngokusula kwakhe lapho uhulumeni ebeka phambili intuthuko ngaphezu kwemvelo, kanye nokuphikisana nokuma kwakhe ezindabeni ezinjengama-biofuels, amadamu aphehlwa ngamanzi kanye nokudla okushintshwe izakhi.
Ngo-2010, ume njengomengameli we-Green Party, futhi wenza isiphakamiso esimangalisayo esingu-19.4%. Kamuva uqhubekile nokusungula iSustainability Network, ethi ukwakheka bekungashiyi noma kwesokudla. Kunalokho, igxile ekudaleni uhlobo lwepolitiki “olusha” lapho abantu nemvelo, hhayi amaqembu, okwakubaluleke kakhulu.
Uma kubhekwa konke lokhu, akumangazi lokho abezemvelo kanye nabaqhubekela phambili abaphoxekile ngezinqubomgomo “zabathuthukisi” zohulumeni baseNingizimu Melika abancike kwesokunxele bakhombe uMarina njengento engaba khona “amandla aholayo ekuthuthukisweni komnotho okusimeme, kanye nezinye izindlela esikhundleni se-extractivism, kuso sonke isifunda"
Iqiniso liwukuthi, ukhetho luka-Marina cishe luzoholela ekuguqukeni kwezombusazwe, hhayi ukongiwa kwemvelo, kwezombusazwe zaseBrazil.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhuphuka kwakhe kungabangelwa ngezindlela eziningi ukwehluleka, hhayi impumelelo, kwesobunxele baseBrazil, kusukela "ku-anti-extractivist" kwesokunxele.
Kuningi osekwenziwe ngemininingwane yezemvelo kaMarina kanye nenkulumo emelene nentuthuko. Kodwa-ke, uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubomgomo nezinhlelo ezibambekayo, i-Marina inikeza okuncane ngokwendlela eqhubekayo ye-PT.
Inkinga ukuthi ingxenye enkulu “ye-anti-extractivist” esele, intula noma iyiphi iphrojekthi yesu ecacile futhi iphuphuthekiswe ubutha bayo kulokho ekubiza ngokuthi “i-developmentalist” esele, ibeke amathemba ayo kuSilva ngokungagxeki.
Abaningi sebekubonile ukufana phakathi kwe-Marina ne-PSDB engakwesokudla uma kukhulunywa ngezinqubomgomo zomnotho. Okugcizelela lokhu ukuphikisana kwabo ngokuhlanganyela nokungenelela kombuso (noma njengoba uMarina ekubiza ngokuthi “intuthuko”) kanye nokukholelwa ebuhleni bemakethe.
Kulolu khetho, zombili izinhlangothi zikhuthaza ukuzimela okukhulu kwebhange eliphakathi, ukwanda kokuhlukunyezwa kwabasebenzi, izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa inzuzo yezinkampani, ukunciphisa ubukhulu bomkhakha wamabhange kahulumeni, ukunciphisa ukulawulwa kombuso "red-tape", kanye nokwenza ngcono ubudlelwano bezohwebo I-the united states.
Bese kuba nemiphumela engemihle eyenziwa nguMarina, umvangeli oqinile, ngokwenqubomgomo yezenhlalo, njengokuyeka ukwesekwa komshado wezitabane kanye namalungelo okukhipha isisu ohlelweni lwakhe.
Mhlawumbe ukunaka okuncane kukhokhwe ekushintsheni kwezinqubomgomo zezemvelo zikaMarina.
Emasontweni ambalwa edlule ubone Marina umugqa wasemuva esitatimendeni sangaphambilini esimelene nophethiloli, sithi noma yimuphi uhulumeni azobona umkhondo uzoqhubeka nokubona iphrojekthi enkulu yaseBrazil yokuxhashazwa kukawoyela ongaphambi kukasawoti njengento ebaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, Marina kusho wayengasaphikisani nama-GMO. Uphinde wakhankasa kakhulu evuna iBrazil ukukhiqiza ama-biofuels, into ukunyakaza kwezemvelo akugxekile nje kuphela ngomthelela wayo ongemuhle kwezemvelo kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iphinde iqondise umkhiqizo wokudla kude nabantu futhi ubheke ezimotweni.
Futhi ngenkathi uMarina ephethe inqwaba yamalayisense edamu eliphehla ugesi ngesikhathi engungqongqoshe, manje usewathatha njengomthombo wamandla obalulekile.
Ekugcineni, kunzima ukuthola noma iyiphi inkinga lapho "i-anti-extractivist" i-Marina ingashiwo ukuthi ingakwesobunxele se-PT, ngisho maqondana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo.
Ukusekelwa kukaMarina
Kodwa-ke, ukukhuphuka kukaMarina kungase kubangelwe ukuhluleka kwamanye amanxele aseBrazil - i-pro-PT ne-anti-PT kwesokunxele - ngoba, ngaphandle kwezinqubomgomo zikaMarina, ukusekelwa kwakhe okuningi kuvela emikhakheni engabonakali njengeyangakwesokudla noma engahlobene. emikhakheni yendabuko yokugcinwa kwemvelo.
Iningi lezinyunyana zezwe kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zihlala zishadile ngokwezinga elithile noma kwelinye ku-PT. Lokhu kuyiqiniso nasezingxenyeni ezinkulu zabampofu bezwe, abaye bazuza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle ze-PT.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusobala uMarina ukwazile ukunxenxa izigaba zesigaba esiphakathi esingokwesiko esiphikisana ne-PT ngokomlando futhi sabona e-Marina enye indlela esebenzayo. Abaningi abasaqhubeka nokweseka iPSDB akungatshazwa ukuthi bazoza ngemuva kukaMarina ngomzuliswano wesibili uma kusho ukwehlula uDilma.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlolovo zikhomba ukuthi ingxenye ebalulekile yokwesekwa kukaMarina ivela kubantu abayizigidi ezingama-45 abahlanganisa isigaba esineminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengama-33, iningi labo elifunde kakhulu (okungenani uma liqhathaniswa nesizukulwane sangaphambili), kodwa abazithola besesimweni esibucayi. imisebenzi kanye nezimo zokuphila. Bakha ingxenye yesithathu yabavoti, abanolwazi oluncane ngezinyunyana noma ezombusazwe, futhi iningi labo likholelwa ukuthi izwe belingaba ngcono ngaphandle kwamaqembu ezepolitiki.
Ngokucikwa yipolitiki njengenjwayelo, leli qembu belingeke ligqugquzelwe osopolitiki bendabuko abafana no-Aecio Neves, u-Campos noma u-Dilma ongenele ukhetho lwe-PSDB, njengoba i-PT iqhubeka ibonakala njengengxenye yohlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sika-Marina sangaphandle kanye nenkulumo “yepolitiki entsha”, naphezu kokugijima ngethikithi le-PSB nokwenza umfelandawonye wesifunda namanye amaqembu endabuko, kumguqule waba enye indlela esebenzayo yabaningi balaba abasha.
Ukuphenya lokho okuhlobanisa ukuhlonzwa kwezepolitiki nezinhloso zokuvota kukhombisa ukuthi uma uMarina ebezowina umzuliswano wesibili, uzokwenza lokho hhayi nje ngokwesekwa ngabavoti abaphiko lwesokudla abahlonza abavoti kodwa futhi iningi labavoti basezindaweni nabaphakathi kwesokunxele, abamele ama-48% uma behlangene. yabavoti.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi i-Dilma izogcina kuphela inzuzo (enkulu) phakathi kwabavoti abakhomba kwesokunxele.
URuy Braga uthi ukuthi kulungile ukuwela phakathi kwentsha kanye nendawo kanye nabavoti abakhomba maphakathi kwesokunxele. Ngokomongo wohlelo olusunguliwe lwamaqembu amabili, uthi okungenani ingxenye yesisekelo sokwesekwa kukaMarina kufanele sibonakale “njengokubonakaliswa kokhetho kwesifiso esiqhubekayo soshintsho.”
Lokhu kubonakala kunjalo futhi uma sibheka iqiniso lokuthi lolu khetho lulandela kusukela ekugqugquzeleni okukhulu okwanyakazisa iBrazil maphakathi no-2013.
Ibangelwa ukuphikiswa kokwenyuswa kwemali yokugibela okuhlongozwayo, le mibhikisho yakhula ngokushesha futhi yaqala ukuphakamisa inqwaba yezindaba ezinjengokwandiswa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi, ukulwa nenkohlakalo, ukuphikiswa kwengcindezelo yamaphoyisa kanye nokwesekwa kokuzimela okukhulu kwezomthetho.
Imikhakha emibili ebalulekile phakathi kwalokhu kugqugquzelwa okunamandla ezigidi kwakuyile "precariat" entsha yentsha, kanye nemikhakha yesigaba esiphakathi yendabuko eyabona le mibhikisho njengendlela yokubukela phansi uhulumeni we-PT.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuveza izisusa ezingabazekayo zengxenye yale mibhikisho, kuyiqiniso nje ukuthi izimfuno eziningi beziqhutshwa ukushiyeka kwangempela kuhulumeni we-PT.
Okuxakayo ukuthi, ngenkathi i-PT ithi ubuthakathaka bayo yimiphumela yemikhawulo ebekwe yibhalansi ekhona yamandla, ingxenye enkulu ye-PT esele yabona imibhikisho njengosongo, kunokuba kube yithuba lokucindezela ushintsho olukhulu.
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-anti-PT esele iyaqhubeka nokubhekwa abaningi njengokugomela, okungabalulekile noma okuhluke kancane ku-PT ngokwayo.
Ukungakwazi kwazo zombili lezi zinxele ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlangano eziya emigomweni yenqubekela phambili kuyisici esikhulu ekuchazeni ukukhuphuka kukaMarina.
Akukho kulokhu okusho ukuthi ukunqoba kweMarina kuzomela igxathu elihle eliya phambili eBrazil, kancane kancane iNingizimu Melika, uma kubhekwa ukuphawula okungekuhle kukaMarina ngeVenezuela kanye nabanye ohulumeni abanohlonze esifundeni.
Akufanele kube nokungabaza okuncane ukuthi uhulumeni waseMarina uzoba kwesokudla sanoma yimuphi uhulumeni ongase abe yi-Dilma.
Noma kunjalo, izimfuno nezifiso zalabo abangagcina bevotele i-Marina zisemthethweni, futhi abanxele bangenza kahle uma becabanga ukuthi bangawunqoba kanjani lo mlingani wemvelo ukuze basekele isiphakamiso sangempela soshintsho.
U-Federico Fuentes unikela njalo Green Kwesobunxele Isonto kanye nombhali we"Izinguquko Eziyaluzayo ZaseLatin America: Ikusasa Le-Twenty-First-Century Socialism".
I-ZNetwork ixhaswa kuphela ngokuphana kwabafundi bayo.
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